Uyini besilisa-alpha, futhi ukuthi lokhu gama lisho umuntu?

Ethologists - ososayensi abagcina ukuziphatha izilwane social - Sekuyisikhathi eside ezibuza ukuthi kungani amalungu ezinkomeni noma wezimvu nezimbuzi ukulalela umholi? Indlela yokubona iduna-alpha? Futhi kulokho ngezizathu eqinile nakho ngeke kusize komugqa wokwehlayo Kumiswa emphakathini isilwane? Uma kuziwa ochamela udonga nge isigodlo (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, izinkukhu), ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi, futhi phambi kwabo, izizukulwane abaningi abalimi ngilugcinile sabaphathi efanayo, kodwa linqoba phakathi kwabesifazane. By the way, leli gama lasetshenziswa kuqala ukuba inkukhu, okungukuthi wentombazane. Ngo-1922, usosayensi Norwegian Shyeldruppom-Shwi washayelwa "umthetho we zingcofa kuqala." ukudla Okokuqala iqala nge ukusuthisa besifazane izinkukhu-alpha, bese - beta, gamma nokunye, ukuze omega. Ukuzama kucabangela muntu ukuthatha okusanhlamvu esetshenziswa ngokushesha ukuyiveza Peck ekhanda ophakeme kunaye.

Ngo izinkawu, lapho iphakethe has a owesilisa ambalwa nabesifazane abaningi nge amawundlu (kuhlanganise nabantwana bakwa esekhulile) futhi ngibone ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi evelele-alpha besilisa. Izibonakaliso amandla akhe obonakaliswe izici zangaphandle: hormone ocansini kushiya ukukhula canines, egqamile callosities ischial (kwezinye zinhlobo). Ngokuyinhloko, kwesikhundla sakhe esiphakeme isilwane evinces ngesikhathi kokuzalela. It vigilantly kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho nezinye ilungu lomphakathi - futhi engagugile alien - akazange athi wafika isigodlo sakhe. Nokho, impilo imfene ukupakisha kuthatha iqhaza ubuncane - lapho ukuya okuphakelayo ukuzixazulula zesifazane sobudala.

Esinye isigaba sabaphathi siyenzeka iphakethe kwezimpisi. David Mech, kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, ukubukela ukuziphatha kwabo, futhi ibonisa ukuthi isiyalo, ubunye enhlanganweni leqembu incike ubuntu umholi. Alpha wesilisa - impisi yilona iphakethe ukuzingelwa, le onyathela lokuqala indlela in snow ejulile, ukukhulisa umphakathi ukuba baphumule, ekhetha indlela ukufuduka. Njengoba lezi zilwane - kukhona monogamous futhi ikakhulukazi umndeni, isilwane, ngokugcina ubuqotho kuze kube nozakwethu iphakethe ukuhlanganisa kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngakho, emigqeni emibili phezulu akhiwa umhlambi - owesilisa nowesifazane. By the way, ngezinye izikhathi indima umholi iphakethe futhi impisi udlala.

Izimpisi, ngokungafani hlobo lwezinkawu-alpha besilisa evinces ubudlova evulekile ezingavamile. Ukuze silondoloze ukuhleleka kwaso sonke isimiso ngokusebenzisa izimpawu umsindo kwemtimba (ekuboniseni ka canines, ukuhlaselwa zamanga, ekushayweni umchamo phezu kwalapho abaphikisi defecated). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umholi neze abathi bonke nezimpisi pack: beta gamma ngabanye futhi ubelethe inzalo. Okukhishwayo kuphela abesilisa omega, olubizwa nangokuthi castrati begazi. Kodwa lokhu akulona at the isinyathelo umholi ovelele, futhi ngenxa yawo wonke "izintokazi" in the iphakethe bancishwa lokhu kuleyo ndawo.

Okubonwa ukuziphatha abantu nomphakathi (abathanda noma kuhlanganiswe ndawonye ekuzingeleni) izilwane ziye ikhohliswa ngokuthi emphakathini wesintu, izinqubo efanayo ephaketheni. Phela, Homo sapiens iphuma esifubeni imvelo, futhi, eqinisweni, ehleleke kakhulu izilwane. Lezi ukufana okukhona phakathi ukuziphatha kwabantu nezilwane emiphakathini yabo kuye kwaholela nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene (yama-eugenics, kaDarwin yezenhlalakahle et al.), Ngokusekelwe yokuthi-alpha besilisa nakanjani uthatha iqhaza eliphambili. Ikakhulukazi ngoba emlandweni wesintu, sithola izibonelo eziningi ezinye namaqembu omphakathi kugcizelelwe isikhundla sabo evelele zezinwele, izingubo kanye nezinye izimpawu abantu kanzima ukujezisa zesigaba engezansi elandelayo semfashini ezinjalo. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula ukuvinjelwa onsomi ngokuba plebs eRoma yasendulo noma uhlelo lombhalo eNdiya.

Kodwa umphakathi wesintu, ngokungafani isilwane, kuneendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Siyakubona ekhaya, kunalokho ukubusa kwamaqembu noma amaqembu athile, kuka umbukiso wamandla somuntu. Ngisho noma "i-alpha besilisa" aqinise isikhundla sabo emphakathini, kuba - by ngokuqinile esebenza emphakathini wesintu, ilungelo ifa - lona abantwana abakhula ngaphansi kwayo kungase kungabi ngempela abantu-alpha, bese-gamma ngisho omega. Uma sikhuluma ubuholi njengoba "umholi", bangakwazi ukuhlakulela ngeminyaka, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo nemfundo. Uma, njengoba ngokungalungile lokucabanga-alpha ukukhishwa ulaka, kuba umphakathi wesintu izinga ngokushesha ubeka umuntu onjalo ngaphandle komthetho, ulunika indima Pariah. Njengoba singabona, umfanekiso "-alpha" ngekuhlobana indoda Strung ezimbalwa, kodwa uyaqhubeka kudingeka sihlakulelwe: okubizwa ngokuthi "machismo" (kusuka elithi indoda sokuqhakambisa ubudoda - indoda yangempela).