Amandla ezishisayo we kagesi futhi isicelo salo esisebenzayo

Isizathu Ukushisa umqhubi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amandla we-electron ezihambayo kuwo (ngamanye amazwi, amandla lamanje) ngesikhathi ukushayisana ngokulandelana izinhlayiya nge ion we-molecular ngehele we metal isici is ibe uhlobo efudumele yamandla noma Q, njengoba ezakhiwe elithi "okokufaka ezishisayo".

umsebenzi yamanje kukalwa usebenzisa uhlelo lomhlaba wonke amayunithi, ngokusebenzisa nalokho Joules (J), amandla lamanje inqunywa ngokuthi "watt" (W). Ihamba kusuka ohlelweni practice, kungasetshenziswa kuhlanganise-SI-non amayunithi alinganisa umsebenzi wamanje. Phakathi kwabo Wh (W × h)-hora kilowatt (esifushanisiwe kW × h). Ngokwesibonelo, 1 × W h lisho umsebenzi wamanje amandla eqondile 1 watt futhi ubude besikhathi i-iri yinye.

Uma ama-electron iqhubeka umqhubi umile metal, kulesi simo wonke umsebenzi ewusizo elakhiwe zamanje isakazwa for amalahle isakhiwo sensimbi, futhi, okusekelwe kwemibandela yomthetho ukulondolozwa amandla, kungashiwo esachazwa ifomula Q = A = IUt = mina ² RT = (U ² / R) * t. Ubuhlobo obunjalo ngobuciko waveza umthetho eyaziwayo Joule. Ngokomlando, saqala kunqunywa empirically usosayensi D. Joel phakathi nekhulu le-19, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuzimela, ngomunye usosayensi - E.Lentsem. Ngokoqobo samandla ezishisayo ezitholakala ukusebenza lobuchwepheshe kokusunguliwe nge 1873 by Russian unjiniyela A. Ladygin izibani abavamile incandescent.

Thermal amandla okukhipha siqhutshwa e eziningi zikagesi futhi ukufaka zezimboni, okungukuthi ezishisayo Instrumentation, Ukushisa, ezifana Ohhavini kagesi, yokusungula kagesi Welding imishini kanye kuvamile kakhulu zasendlini kwi kagesi Ukushisa umphumela - boilers, nokunamathisela ngomthofu ziboshwe ngozankosi, zase kettles, iboshwe ngezinsimbi.

Uzithola futhi umphumela ezishisayo embonini yezokudla. Nge ingxenye eliphezulu isicelo kagesi-Ukushisa kungenzeka ukuthi iqinisekisa umthamo ezishisayo. Kungenxa yokuthi wamanje namandla ezishisayo ezithinta umkhiqizo ukudla, okuyinto has ngezinga elithile ukumelana, okubangela it heats ngokulinganayo. Omunye kungaba zilandise njengesibonelo sendlela ayi ekhiqizwa: ngokusebenzisa inyama dispenser ekhethekile nengulube engena isikhunta metal, izindonga okuyinto ikhonze njengomPristi electrode. Kukhona inikezwa Ukushisa njalo iyunifomu phezu yonke indawo futhi umthamo womkhiqizo, izinga lokushisa oyifunayo inakekelwa ukubaluleka elilungile begazi umkhiqizo ukudla, kanye nalezi zici ubude imisebenzi zobuchwepheshe namandla ukusetshenziswa kukhona aphansi.

I ethize ukushisa umthamo we kagesi wamanje (ω), ngamanye amagama - nenani ukushisa ukhululeka per unit nomthamo iyunithi isikhathi esithile ibalwa kanje. Elemental cylindrical umqhubi ivolumu (DV), nge cross-section izintambo DS, ubude dl, parallel isiqondiso zamanje, futhi ukumelana kwesibalo R = p (dl / DS) , DV = dSdl.

Ngokusho izincazelo umthetho Joule, isikhathi osinikiwe (DT) e ivolumu contact kuthathwe savela ukushisa ezingeni DQ alinganayo = mina ² Rdt = p (dl / DS) (jdS) ² DT = PJ ² dVdt. Kulokhu, ω = (DQ) / (dVdt ) = PJ ^2, futhi lapha ekusebenziseni umthetho Ohm sika ukusungula zamanje ukuminyana j = γE ratio futhi p = 1 / γ, thina ngokushesha ukuthola isisho ω = JE = γE ^2. Kungenxa umehluko umumo linikeza umqondo komthetho Joule sika.