UPrincess Anne Leopoldovna: Biography emfushane futhi nokubusa

Isiphetho lona wesifazane edabukisayo kakhulu. Umzukulu Russian Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna kuphela isikhashana emfushane owayengumbusi isimo kunabo bonke emhlabeni - eRussia. Washona lapho eseneminyaka engu-amabili nesikhombisa kuphela, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo ukusho ukuthi ngimbonile amehlo akhe - leli windi ewumngcingo kancane kwenye indlu, eyaba ejele alenzele isihlawulelo, futhi kancane ebonakalayo kusuka ngemuva amafu ukuhlubula esiwugwadule enyakatho esibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-yi kombuso esigodlweni, okwaphumela indodakazi esihlalweni sobukhosi kaPetru mina - Elizaveta Petrovna.

I abasha John V indlalifa yowesifazane

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuluma ngokuthi ubani Anna Leopoldovna emlandweni isiRashiya, kufanele licaciswe yini maqondana ke kwadingeka ukuba indlu Romanovs. It kuvela ukuthi ngqo kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusukela 1682 kuya 1696 ngesikhathi sobukhosi Russian wahlala ezimbili nje eNgophezukonke - Peter mina noJohane umfowabo V, ngubani wayenamadodakazi ezinhlanu: uMariya Theodosia, uCatherine, uPraskovya Anna. Lesi sakamuva kuzoba 1730, iNdlovukazi iyakubusa iminyaka eyishumi. Omunye wesifazane, indodakazi uJohane V, uCatherine, umama Heroine of indaba yethu - umbusi esizayo, ibamba Anne Leopoldovna, okuyinto ngaleyo ndlela has a omele agcwele weNdlu ebusayo Romanov. Ngenxa yalokho, indodana yakhe u-Ivan kwadingeka wonke amalungelo okwakufanele abe inkosi.

Wazalelwa Anna Leopoldovna Disemba 18, 1718, edolobheni elincane laseJalimane Rostock. ubaba wakhe Karl Leopold UMbusi Mecklenburg-Schwerin, kanye nonina, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umbusi waseRussia Russian John indodakazi V sika, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. Ngo umbusi wesikhathi esizayo eRussia, befika lapho eseneminyaka emine ubudala, futhi lapha wakwamukela Lobu-Orthodox. Unina kwaba nomshana othandekayo abusa iminyaka iNdlovukazi Anny Ioannovny, futhi yena banakekele abekhuliswe, ukwabela yona omunye nosaziwayo kakhulu Academy of Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Kusukela 1731, waqala izifundo zakhe, kodwa yayiqhubeka uma iminyaka emine kuphela, njengoba ngo-1735-th kwakukhona indaba yothando elaphela umsebenzi wakhe.

Zentombi Wokudumisa futhi ziphoqelelwe umshado

Esikhathini inhloko-dolobha yombuso omusha Saxon isithunywa kufika - Bala Moritz Carl Linar. Lokhu European handsome enkulu ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu, futhi intsha UPrincess Anne Leopoldovna wamthanda ngaphandle inkumbulo. umeluleki wakhe Kondraty Ivanovich kwaba azi futhi kakhulu nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kule noveli. Ngokushesha kwase amahemuhemu ngomshado kungenzeka. Kodwa izinkinga wukuthi kakade U-Anna wayengummemezeli nomkhwenyana olusemthethweni - Duke Anton Ulrich, ngubani ukhethe ke, eqondiswa umphakathi, iNdlovukazi. Ukufunda mayelana ngokuzilimaza intando Umshana abasha, autocrat Russian wathukuthela, wathuma isithunywa-oyengela ebulilini aphume eRussia, futhi nesandla of usongo - Kondrati Ivanovich - basuswa ezihlalweni zabo. Nokho, lolo zungu ayikapheli, kodwa le ngxoxo uyaqhubeka.

ngemva kweminyaka emine zezenzakalo ezichazwe okwenzeka emshadweni Anny Leopoldovny nge engathandwa ngakho ngu nesoka lakhe - Antonom Ulrihom, uMbusi Brunswick-Lüneburg. Imikhosi abazinikezele kulo mcimbi, zazihlukile Ubukhosi okungavamile, futhi agcinwe embuthanweni amakhulu wabantu. Phakathi izwi lomshado sokuvalelisa wathi u-Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - indoda wayemiselwe ukuba sinendima ebalulekile empilweni zenkolo nezombangazwe leli zwe ngesikhathi eya wokubusa Elizabeth. Ngemva konyaka, lo mbhangqwana wabeletha indodana, ngesikhathi Ivan elika ukubhapathizwa.

Ukuphela wokubusa Anny Ioannovny

Kwaba 1740. Emlandweni Russian, uye wathola eziningi izenzakalo ezibalulekile, ebaluleke kunazo zonke lapho ukufa iNdlovukazi Anny Ioannovny owavela 17 (28) ka-October. Ngo intando yakhe, wathi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, le amadodana asanda kuzalwa Anny Leopoldovny - U-Ivan, ibamba isikhathi kuye lokuqoka Ernsta esithandayo Ioganna Biron. Lapho ufika ubudala obufanelekile indlalifa abasha lalizoba tsars Russian John VI.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengoba indodakazi Tsar Ivan V, owafa Empress inkanuko wazonda umfowabo uPetru mina wonke amabutho kuqhathaniswa, umuntu ka amadodana akhe athatha phezu kwalesi sihlalo sobukhosi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuba intando yakhe wawuthi uma kwenzeka kushona indlalifa isihloko ilungelo umqhele sihamba wengane olandelayo-emidala kunayo yonke umshana wakhe ozithandayo - Anna Leopoldovna. Mayelana abafundela yomnyango ibamba isikhathi uMbusi ezincane yayiqiniseka. Babezibone eyithandayo eside - Biron.

Kodwa isiphetho ngabe yanquma ngokuhlukile. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala wokubusa kwakhe wawuphikiswa, babeqoqana emhlabeni kubazali abanengane indlalifa ezincane. Kwakukhona ngisho uzungu lokuketula engathandwa ukuthi abantu isisebenzi yesikhashana. Ehola kubahlaseli kwaba umyeni Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Nokho, bakhi babebabi, futhi ngokushesha izinhloso zabo waziwa eHhovisi induna A. imfihlo I. Ushakovu. Le ngcweti wesahlulelo wayeyindoda ngokwanele sagacious futhi ubona umuntu kungenzeka Ukuketulwa etat, ke yayivinjelwe yokuthi ngokusemthethweni kuphela "amthethise" kwabozungu.

nowakhishwa isisebenzi yesikhashana

Nokho, umbuso Biron sika lalizobhujiswa. Ngobusuku buka-November 9, 1740 egunjini lokulala, lapho waphumula ngokuthula ibamba nomkakhe, kwavuleka umnyango esithubeni nje. Kodwa wazibandakanya neqembu lamasosha, eholwa Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, isitha lesifungweni sayo Biron kanye umsekeli Anna Leopoldovna. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka ozithandayo onguMninimandla onke, ebona ifakiwe, ngabona ukuthi lena ekupheleni, futhi ngeke ukufuya kokwesaba, ngagaqa ngaphansi kombhede, ngokuba siqiniseke ukuthi wayezobulawa. Nokho, wayeshaye phansi. Regent ayifake isihlibhi bayiswa uBrigadier.

Ngokushesha kwalandela enkantolo lapho Biron usolwa ngamacala ahlukahlukene. Yiqiniso, iningi babo babekade yasungulwa. Isinqumo okuhambisana ngokugcwele ngomoya isikhathi - quartering. Nokho, lapho indoda empofu savuka, ezwa ukuthi imemezele ushwele, futhi isigwebo esikhundleni ireferensi Pelym elise ayizinkulungwane ezintathu zamakhilomitha ukusuka Petersburg. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Empress Elizabeth Madam abathandekayo idluliselwe ukuba Yaroslavl, futhi ekugcineni okubangela Biron uPetru III enhloko-dolobha, wambuyisela zonke izindondo timphawu. Eminyakeni embalwa ngobuningi, uCatherine II yabuyisela ibamba zangaphambili amalungelo ku ngelakhe uma Duchy of Courland.

I eza amandla ukuvela intandokazi esiyingozi

Ngakho-ke, wazonda isisebenzi yesikhashana waxoshwa isigodlo abese ibhodi isimo yathathwa ngumama isikhulu umqhele sika. Regent kwakungu-Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs siqhuba uhlobo inkosi John emgqeni V, uvele okwesikhashana esiqongweni uhulumeni waseRussia. Ekuqaleni olandelayo 1741 empilweni wentombi kwaba senzakalo esijabulisayo: e Petersburg weza abasanda kumiswa isithunywa Saxon Carl Linar - ngesikhathi sako ubudala futhi akukaze kudingeke ukuba kuphole uthando. Ngokushesha bamukela Anna Leopoldovna, yaba intandokazi yakhe.

Njengombusi waleli wayeshadile ke ubuhlobo bakhe kufanele kufanele uhambisane namazinga athile. Linar bakha indlu eduze Summer Garden, lapho ngaleso sikhathi, wayephila esikhathini Summer Palace, Anna. Ukuqinisekisa izaba okwanele ukuba khona kwakhe esigodlweni, yena esimisiwe lover wakhe oberkamergerom. Ngokushesha isihe esiphezulu kukubi kangangokuba ukuthi intandokazi waklonyeliswa phezulu oda ezimbili Russian - Andreya Pervozvannogo futhi Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ukuze ayamukela kokufaneleka zabo, inkantolo babeyogcina.

Nokho, maduzane nje, Anna Leopoldovna avunyelwe lover wakhe ukuba angenele ezindabeni isimo sína futhi ayengeke athathe muntu izinqumo ngaphandle kokubonisana naye. Lapho connivance wakhe Linar waba uyisihluthulelo ekulweni iqembu enkantolo, bemagange ukubandakanya eRussia War of the Succession Austria. Ngaleyo minyaka, a nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu wazama, ememezela engumlanjwana intando Austrian uMbusi UCharles VI, nilidle impahla yendlu ka Habsburg eYurophu. Lokhu ukuziphatha isithunywa Saxon okubangelwa ukunganeliseki phakathi izikhulu eziphezulu, ababesaba ukuvela nobuso obudala e Biron yakhe.

Ukwahlukana kusuka Linar

Ukuze ngandlela-thile esingalindelekile ubamukela isibopho impikiswano inzuzo, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, phela) Kwakudingeka aye kusiza Nokho, okuyinto, akekho kungaba edukisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba ehlobo lika-1741 Linara hoops nge lakhe elisophahleni-maid udumo kanye umngane omkhulu ka Baroness Juliana Mengden. Kodwa, ekubeni umyeni, yena, Nokho, abakwazanga ngokusemthethweni angenele inkonzo isiRashiya, njengoba izikhonzi wahlala Saxony. Ukuze athole imvume edingekayo, ngo-November ngawo lowo nyaka Linar waya naseDresden.

Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, lowo uyindoda umbono, Anna Leopoldovna waxwayisa umzamo kungenzeka wasithatha amandla abasekeli indodakazi uPetru mina sika-Elisabethe. Nokho, wayezovuma ukuba ubuyele maduzane futhi sithathe konke ngaphansi kokulawula. Ngo sokuvalelisa, abazange bazi ukuthi bathi goodbye phakade. Lapho njengoba sithole imvume oyifunayo kusuka kuhulumeni Saxony, Linar ngo-November walowo nyaka, wabuyela Petersburg ke e eKönigsberg wayemi izindaba kokuboshwa Anny Leopoldovny futhi ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Elizabeth. ukwesaba kwakhe okubi kakhulu lifezekile ...

Daughter of Peter ikhanda Labaqaphi

Ukuketulwa etat senzeka ngobusuku Novemba 25 (6 Disemba) e 1741. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-force main zezombusazwe yasungulwa uPetru Labaqaphi Olukhulu. Able esebeka futhi dethrone kuye, yena isivele wazizwa amandla ayo ngo-February 1725. Khona-ke ngo-ashaya yayo liqala ukubusa, umfelokazi Peter mina - Catherine I. Futhi manje, usebenzisa yokuthi Anna Leopoldovna, okuyinto savusa Ukunganeliseki okwandile nale mithetho, phansi amandla Labaqaphi, Elizabeth ephethwe ukuheha ukuze ohlangothini lwawo elise Petersburg Preobrazhensky ibutho.

Ngalobo busuku bezigemegeme umbusi Russian ubuhle oneminyaka engu-31 ubudala Elizaveta Petrovna, ephelezelwa grenadiers amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili wavela Winter Palace. Ngaphandle ukuhlangana ukumelana kuphi, bafika egumbini lokulala bafike waphumula ngokuthula Anna Leopoldovna nomyeni wakhe. ibamba Ethukile kwamenyezelwa mayelana kokugumbuqelwa yayo futhi aboshwa ngabo. Ofakazi kwalesi sigcawu ayetshelwe ukuthi Elizabeth wathatha izandla egumbini elilodwa futhi evuswa okungazelelwe indlalifa engu-umsindo ubudala eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, kuhletshwa kancane: ". Le ngane ngeshwa" Wayazi ukuthi uthi.

Indlela Wesiphambano izolo umbusi

Ngakho, wayeboshwe umndeni Brunswick, kuhlanganise Anna Leopoldovna. Empress Elizabeth wayengeyena umuntu ononya. ngakho, okungenani, kwathiwa kule Manifesto, okuyinto walandisa yena Empress - It is ukuthi ekuqaleni eseneminyaka kuze ukuthumela kwezinye iziboshwa ezazikanye eYurophu elinganiselwe ezaziwayo. indlovukazi Kukhanseliwe Anna Leopoldovna nomkhaya iye okwesikhashana ithunyelwa Riga Castle, lapho afike achitha khona ngonyaka ilindele nenkululeko othenjisiwe. Kodwa kungazelelwe entsha Winter Palace Omuny izinhlelo washintsha. Iqiniso lokuthi Petersburg kwatholakala ugobe, ogama umgomo kwaba ukugumbuqela Elizabeth nokudedela indlalifa esisemthethweni Ivan Antonovich.

Kwacaca ukuthi nakuba ozala Brunswick uzoqhubeka ifulege zonke bakhi kungenzeka, kanjalo aletha ingozi ethile. Isiphetho Anny Leopoldovny yaxazululeka. Ngo 1742, lezi ziboshwa idluliselwe Dünamünde inqaba (eduze Riga), futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili e Renenburgskuyu inqaba, okuyinto kwaba esifundazweni Ryazan. Kodwa ngisho lapha abazange bahlale eside. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kwafika isimemezelo eliphakeme ukubayisa Arkhangelsk ngoba evalelwe okwengeziwe esigodlweni sezindela Solovetsky. Esikhathini udaka ekwindla, liyidliva, Anna Leopoldovna nomkhaya wakhe elihluphayo bathunyelwa enyakatho.

Kodwa ngalowo nyaka yesithwathwa ekuseni futhi ice emikhulu ukhiphe amanye kungenzeka ukweqa ukuze Solovki. Iziboshwa Zahlaliswa ezindaweni Kholmogory, endlini umbhishobhi wendawo, futhi vigilantly kuqashelwe, ekuqedeni yini ithuba ukuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle. Lapha nje kuze kube phakade ne ngendodana nendlalifa yakhe. Ivan Antonovich behlukene kuyo abeka kwenye ingxenye isakhiwo, futhi kamuva bazo babengebona ngaye yimuphi izindaba. Ukuze ekusithekeni enkulu ezincane ex-uMbusi wayalelwa ukubiza ngegama okungelona Gregory.

Ukufa belated honours

Kule minyaka yamuva, egcwele usizi futhi kuhlukunyezwa, kubukela phansi impilo abesifazane abasebasha. ibamba Owabe futhi umbusi waseRussia ngamandla, bafela ejele 8 (19) ngoMashi 1746. Imbangela olusemthethweni sokufa kwamenyezelwa imfiva puerperal, noma njengoba besho ezinsukwini ubudala, "ognevitsa". Nakuba kokuboshwa, kodwa hhayi razluchonnaya nomyeni wakhe, u-Anna wazala izingane kane, hhayi imininingwane zisekhona.

Nokho, indaba Anny Leopoldovny akukapheli. Isidumbu sakhe uyiswa inhlokodolobha kanye solemnity omkhulu wangcwatshwa yamathuna ka-Aleksandru saseNevsky Lavra. Umngcwabo wakhe wawenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho ebekwe kwimithetho yokungcwaba abantu okuqondene endlini eyayibusa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlu olusemthethweni uthi kulaba babusi Russian ngempela ukusho futhi Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov njalo nomhawu nokudunyiswa inkumbulo amalungu omkhaya wayo, ngisho nalabo kabani ukufa baba ngokwabo ohilelekile.

"Iron Mask" umlando Russian

Ikakhulukazi okubuhlungu kwakungenxa isiphetho Ivan - indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, okuyinto wabeletha Anna Leopoldovna. Bio-ke uye wazakhela ngendlela yokuthi kwavula mlando ukuyibiza eyodwa Russian "Iron imaski". Ngokushesha ngemva ekuthatheni izintambo ngu-Elizabeth uthethe zonke izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igama indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi we wagudluzwa ke kwaba ukhohliwe. Athathwe kwegazi uhlamvu elinesithombe ayo, yabulala amadokhumenti usho igama lakhe, futhi ngaphansi kokujeziswa yesijeziso uvinjelwe noma iziphi izinkumbulo ngaye.

Elizaveta Petrovna, ashaqe amandla ngokusebenzisa umbuso esigodlweni, babemesaba nethuba lokuba yisisulu ngesakhiwo olulandelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo 1756 yena wayalelwa ukuletha isiboshwa engu-nanhlanu e Schlisselburg inqaba futhi aqukethe ingozi evalelwe yedwa. Kukhona umfana bancishwa ngisho igama labo elisha UGregory okukhulunywe kuphela ngokuthi "isiboshwa owaziwa." Nhlobo contact yayo kanye ezizungezile. Le mfuneko is ngakho ngokuqinile waphawula ukuthi kuyo yonke iminyaka egqunywe siboshwa bayibukele ubuso bomuntu. Akumangazi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabonisa izimpawu lokugula ngengqondo.

Top ngokuvakashela isiboshwa futhi wafa ekuqaleni

Lapho esikhundleni u-Elizabeth aqala iNdlovukazi entsha, uCatherine II futhi athatha amandla ngokusekelwa Labaqaphi, enendawo ukwenza kokubusa kwakhe semthethweni enkulu, wacabanga ngale ndawo kungenzeka ngishade owayesesimweni enqabeni indlalifa yezithembiso ukuze Ivan. Kuze kube yimanje, wamvakashela Shlisselburgsky isiboshwa. Nokho, bebone ukuthi ngezinga elithile yokuwohloka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ifinyelele eminyakeni ngedwa, Ivan, waqaphela ukuthi ukushada naye kungaba kungabaza. By the way, iNdlovukazi wathi ukuthi lesi siboshwa uyazi imvelaphi yakhe yobukhosi, ukuthi ukhona nokubhala futhi ufisa ukuzibulala esigodlweni.

wokubusa uCatherine II sika kwakusala kude kuqondile, futhi ayezidinga lapho inqaba Ivan imizamo eminingi ukuze Icebo lika ngenhloso abaluphakamisela okwakufanele abe inkosi. Ukuze umise kubo, iNdlovukazi beyalwa ukuba ngokushesha ukubulala kwesiboshwa, uma kukhona usongo ngempela akhululwe. Futhi 1764, lesi simo isungule. Enye uzungu eladabuka phakathi kwababusi ikampu inqaba Shlisselburg. Kwakuthinta eliholwa uLieutenant V Ya Mirovich. Nokho, ukuphepha sangaphakathi casemates wagcwalisa umsebenzi walo: Ivan Antonovich ugwazwe nabo ashaya. Ukufa kuphazamisekile ukuphila yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane futhi ngokudabukisayo 5 (16) ngoJulayi 1764.

Yaphela kanjalo-ke impilo yalezi inzalo House ebusayo Romanov - indlalifa esisemthethweni yesihlalo sobukhosi John VI nonina Anna Leopoldovna, Biography iDemo eyasebenza njengodonga isihloko ingxoxo yethu. Lutho neze zonke izinduna zomhlangano Russia wayemiselwe ukuba afele ukufa okujwayelekile. ngezinye izikhathi abanonya, akuhloliwe umshikashika wemandla batheleka inhlekelele enjengale njengoba omunye esiyihambayo manje zikhunjulwe. Phakathi nokubusa Anna Leopoldovna langena umlando Russia njengengxenye isikhathi, ukubizwa ngokuthi "Ubudala lwezintandokazi."