Ekuchumana: umsebenzi, izinhlobo futhi izinhlobo

ekuchumana - ngamazwi indlela yokuxhumana, okhona njengamanje owenza umsebenzi eziningana:

• ilwazi kanye nokukhulumisana, okungukuthi lisikisela ukuxhumana phakathi abalingani;
• zokulawula kanye ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, njengoba kukhona ukuthuthukiswa imithetho nezindinganiso zokuziphatha;
• affective futhi ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, njengoba uyakwazi ukudala osenyameni ngokwengqondo.

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo kuchumana emkhatsini webantfu.

Okokuqala, esisemthethweni, uma kungekho isifiso ukuqonda futhi acabangele izici ubuntu interlocutor yakhe. Futhi sahlangana evamile "imaski" okukhulu, ngezilokotho, ukunganaki, ukuthobeka, isihawu, njll, kanye iqoqo esezingeni ukuthinta, amabinzana, ngibone isimo sobuso bakhe. Kuvumela ukufihla imizwa yangempela futhi sengqondo interlocutor yakhe.

Okwesibili, bakudala kuchumana emkhatsini webantfu. Kulesi hlobo kokuhlaziywa Kwenziwa nge nombono ohlukile kuyadingeka yini noma cha. Uma unesithakazelo zokuxhumana umlingani, oxhumana naye asebenzayo naye, kodwa ngenye indlela - dudula noma ukugwema.

Okwesithathu, obusebenzayo-indima ekuchumana, okuyinto esekelwe isikhundla emphakathini we umlingani (incekukazi induna umfundi nothisha, umthengi nomdayisi). Kulesi hlobo "umsebenzi" okulindele elawula kanye nezinkambiso, izindlela kanye nokuqukethwe yokuxhumana ezilawulwayo. Ngakho-ke, ivelaphi le indima social we plan yesibili.

Okwesine, zokuxhumana ibhizinisi kusho ukuthi kufanele inake izici ubuntu, ubudala, uhlamvu kanye nemizwelo interlocutor. izithakazelo Business uyohlale ziqokonyiswe, in the yesibili - kwehlukana okungenzeka imibono nezimvo. Kukhona umgomo, ihlose ukufinyelela kunoma isiphi isivumelwano neziqinile.

Okwesihlanu, ekuchumana ezingokomoya. Lokhu kuxhumana senzeka phakathi kwabangane abaseduze futhi inikeza ingxoxo nganoma isiphi isihloko. Ozakwethu uzokwazi ukuqonda nomunye ukunyakaza, ngibone isimo sobuso bakhe futhi buviyoviyo. ukuxhumana okunjalo ekuchumana kungenzeka uma izinhlangothi sazana kahle.

Okwesithupha, uhlobo wokuziphilisa yokuxhumana has ukuze sihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezamukelwayo emphakathini inikezwe. Ngo inqubo yokuxhumana nabantu, hhayi lokho akucabangayo njengoba umthetho azokukhuluma, futhi yini edingekayo esimweni esithile. Imvelo wokuziphilisa yohlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana kanye khona ekhethekile abasondelana Ikhodi: lokungacunuli, Inhlonipho, imvume, ukwamukelwa, uzwela.

Seventh, nolukhohlisayo ekuchumana ekungizo bazuze interlocutor. A umlingani onesifo imigomo efanayo, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene - ukuthopha, ebabonisa umusa, ukusabisa, ukusabisa, inkohliso. +

Ngo Psychology kwezenhlalo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ekuchumana:

• kuphoqelekile;
• zokukhwabanisa;
• inkhulumomphendvulwano.

Lephocako ekuchumana kuyinto kobushiqela, ifomu siqondiso umthelela umlingani wakho ukuze ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo siphoqa senzo. I engavamile yokukhulumisana lo mgomo nezavualirovana. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu ukusetshenziswa imiyalelo, ama-oda, izimfuno zakhe nezimfuneko zakhe.

Izikhundla kuyinto evamile ekuchumana, okubandakanya ukuchayeka of interlocutor ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso ezifihliwe kanye nezinhloso. Kodwa kusukela umlingani becasha, noma enye indawo ngomunye.

zokuxhumana ingxoxo uyakucabangela ukufakwa kanye umbono interlocutor. It is eyakhelwe ngesisekelo imithetho ethile ukuxhumana. Kumayelana kwemizwa ngokwengqondo ukuxhumana; bezotsenochnoe beqonda njengenhlangano umlingani alinganayo nge ilungelo umbono futhi isinqumo; khona samuntu inkhulumomphendvulwano.