Kuyini fibre? Izinhlobo nemvelaphi

Umqondo wokuqala lokho fibre, sibuyela ngo izifundo esikoleni biology. Ngomqondo obanzi, ezwakalisa uhlobo ajwayelekile mayelana ethile, lo mqondo ukuthi ikilasi materials ehlanganisa sesigcilikisha noma amaseli.

Imisipha fibre - uphiko isakhi kwemisipha izicubu, okuyinto yeseli multi-core, esakhiwa Nenani elikhulu labanye amaseli ukuthi kungaba zezitshalo, isilwane, amaminerali noma zokwenziwa imvelaphi.

Ekuqaleni kusukela isiSlavonic Esidala

Umsuka wegama elithi "fiber" baxhumane isiSlavonic Esidala "vlakno". Leli gama likhona yesimanje Bulgarian, Czech, isiSlovak, Serbian. Nge umehluko ifonotiki okuncane butholakala Polish - wlOkno. Kukhona umqondo ahlobene yasendulo Indian: Valkas, okusho "namagxolo".

Ngo isiRashiya e iyunithi lucebe ishintshile ngenxa unkamisa: OLO-LA. Njengoba "fiber" - igama esichazamazwini, isipelingi yayo ukukhumbula.

Ukuze uthole umbono wokuthi i-fibre njengoba ngezigaba ezibonakalayo, sihlolisise imibono yabo.

Ukotini Bast

Ukotini Wekhethelo Lokudabuka yemifino zihlanganisa ukotini kanye Bast. Izacile kakotini camera nge imbewu ukotini. Zakhiwa ikakhulu (94%) ka-cellulose, kanti amanzi, pectin, okunamafutha, waxy, umlotha izinto (amaminerali izakhi ukudla ethathwe inhlabathi nge isitshalo).

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini umsuka fibre ukotini, kungenzeka, uwabheka ngesibonakhulu. Thina uzobona flat tubule convoluted eneribhoni, nomoya.

Lezi lokuluhlaza kukhona hygroscopic, ezimelana nokushisa, ube ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu mayelana alkalis. Uma ukotini ukuze kushiswe, ke phú iphepha wokushiswa.

Ukuze izimfanelo ezimbi zihlanganisa kuyaqina ongaphakeme kanye nokuntengantenga ukuze acid.

Bast Imicu yotshani eyatholakala kusukela yefilakisi stem. Basuke side ubude amaseli nge imikhawulo ezicijile. Ngo cross-section babe ukuma pentagon. A okukhulu iphesenti Ukwakheka - cellulose (80%) kanye amaphesenti asele kuwele amafutha, Umbala, ukungcola amaminerali waxy kanye lignin. Ukuba khona anikeza lignin anda ngezikhwepha. I okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity ezishisayo kwenza nelineni uhlale cool uma uyithinta.

Ukotini Wekhethelo okuvela ezilwaneni

Imbuzi, nemvu, ikamela, nezinye izinwele nosilika zemvelo Imicu yotshani yizilwane, ehlanganisa izingqimba ezintathu: izinhlayiya zeqhwa yangaphandle, cortex okuyinhloko kanye core, esemgwaqweni maphakathi intambo.

Kukhona 4 izinhlobo uvolo Imicu yotshani:

• crimped mncane - fluff;
• izinwele Lesisemkhatsini - isiphambano phakathi umgogodla futhi phansi;
• crimped okwe kancane - nomgogodla;
• esifushane ziyaqothuka fibre - izinwele efile.

Kuye izinhlobo kanye izinhlobo intambo ukuhlukanisa uvolo ovela mncane, iyiphi esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinga okusezingeni imikhiqizo uvolo, ukuze amaqhafuqhafu, esetshenziselwa ukwenza indwangu futhi wazizwa. Uvolo iyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa futhi hygroscopic. Lapho kubonakala evutha nephunga izimpaphe wokushiswa.

The elula Imicu yotshani yemvelo - kasilika. Ithole kusukela umfece ka amacimbi kasilika amacimbi.

amaprotheni amabili - fibroin futhi sericin - ziyingxenye ngentambo umfece. Yemvelo usilika umsungulo esingokwemvelo, olubushelelezi, hygroscopicity okusezingeni eliphezulu, creasing ongaphakeme. Ububi bayo okusezingeni eliphezulu ezisontekile ntambo ukuncipha futhi ongaphakeme ukushisa ukumelana. Usilika sisetshenziselwa izinto ezibalulekile eluhlaza womshini ukukhanya izingubo ehlobo.

zokwenziwa ntambo

Kuyini fibre zokwenziwa imvelaphi, kungaqondakala ngokuhlola yimvelo yabo. Basuke ezivezwa zamagama chemical kusukela monomers, isb ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo izinto. Lokhu kukhipha zokwenziwa polymers. I impahla eluhlaza for inayiloni, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, usilika acetate kukhona imikhiqizo ukucutshungulwa amalahle, uwoyela negesi. Nokho, le misebenzi lokuluhlaza fibre ifa namandla high, ukuncipha ongaphakeme futhi imibimbi, akuzona hygroscopic.

A ezihlukahlukene polymer izakhiwo, kungenzeka ukuba ziyahlukahluka kubo, kanye ukutholakala izinto zokusetshenziswa yilezi okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa zokwenziwa Imicu yotshani ukukhiqizwa.

Imicu yotshani chemical

Basuke etholwe kucutshungulwa enjalo izinto zokwenziwa njenge-polyamides, polyesters kanye ngezinto zemvelo: i-cellulose, amaphrotheni, casein, nabanye. I impahla eluhlaza for le micu kukhona ukotini imfucuza, ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ingilazi, imikhiqizo uwoyela, amalahle.

Rayon ingenye kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba lokuqala imvelaphi zamakhemikhali, wamukela isikali ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. It is etholwe ngokuphatha ukhuni uginindela ngamakhemikhali.

Omunye bokwenza eyinhloko fiber viscose kuyinto creasing okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze wehlise lesi izinga it is sesimeni ukuguqulwa amakhemikhali. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka fibre polynosic, kepha efaniswe eside okuyisisekelo ukotini.