Trans-Siberian sesitimela: amathemba ukuthuthukiswa, inani. Izindlela ngcono

Kwavula ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze Trans-Siberian sesitimela sidlula ezweni lonke futhi uxhuma ke engxenyeni European eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude. Lokhu enakho wesitimela umgwaqo iminyaka eyikhulu ikota, iyona main ujantshi legatsha eRussia.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa

Isinqumo ukwakhiwa wesitimela laseSiberia ku izimali yengcebo senziwa nguhulumeni tsarist ku-yalolucwaningo 80 kwekhulu XIX. Ngo 1887 mikhankaso ezintathu ayehlelwe ukufuna izindawo ukwakhiwa umgwaqo ovulekile ngaphansi eNingizimu-Ussuri, iNtshonalanga Central laseSiberia iBaikal sesitimela. Qala yokwakhiwa Trans-Siberian ujantshi akhawunti iminyaka 90 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Isinqumo ukuqhuba umsebenzi ukwakhiwa Elikhulu laseSiberia Indlela senziwe ebusika 1891 kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha izinhlangothi ezimbili - kusukela Vladivostok eChelyabinsk.

Izigaba main nokubeka

Eyakhelwe ujantshi Trans-Siberian, makhulu amathemba ukuthuthukiswa lapho manje kabanzi ngezigaba eziningana:

1. 1893 - ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kusukela eMfuleni OB-Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - ukuqala ukwakhiwa komgwaqo North Ussuri.

3. 1897 - ukuqala pads Cer.

4. 1898 - wathola izwe kusukela ob ukuze Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - Isinqumo ukwakhiwa lo Circum-iBaikal sesitimela.

6. 1906 - olwenziwa inhlolovo laying Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu.

7. 1911 - kwakhiwa Kirk - k. Umbelesele nge wegatsha ngaleso Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - nokuthuma kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur.

Ubude esikhulu sesitimela Trans-Siberian isivele leyo minyaka asinikeze amandla okuba babe ngabantwana main ezokuthutha Umthambo yezwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi kulwiwa, isimo umgwaqo omusha, ngeshwa, sawohloka kakhulu. It laqedwa bese ishiswa eziningi amabhuloho. Ngezikhathi wabhubhisa izimoto abahamba izitimela zamalahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, Nokho, saqala umsebenzi emikhulu sokubuyiselwa. Ebusika 1924-1925,., Ngokwesibonelo, lase-Amur ibhuloho kwabuyiselwa. elayinini ukunyakaza kwaqala ngo-1925 futhi waqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Trans-Siberian sesitimela esikhathini sethu

Umlando Trans-Siberian ujantshi ugcwele yemihlobo ehlukeneko impumelelo. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, umgwaqo ayenziwa futhi kubhekwa Zonke-wokwakha. Kuze kube manje, Trans-Siberian sesitimela ingenye enamandla kakhulu phansi nojantshi emhlabeni. ERussia, athwala ezingaphezu kuka-50% azo zonke zokuhamba kanye ukuthekelisa kwezimpahla. Transsiberian kuyinto ithrekhi gesi umugqa double, sikuhlomele ngokugcwele izindlela zokuxhumana zanamuhla nolwazi. Technical imishini umugqa okuthwala amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 wezimpahla ngonyaka ngesikhathi isivinini kuvunyelwe 90 km / h.

Izinzuzo umugqa, ngaphandle yini enye, kuyinto engekho isidingo ukuwela iyiphi imingcele. Ngeshwa, i-lokwenelisa endleleni eminyakeni yamuva aqala ukuncipha. Futhi likhuluma isidingo nesimanje.

Trans-line izici: ubude izindlela, throughput

Ubude ingqikithi neTrans pheshana angaba yizinkulungwane 10. Km. Okwamanje, kuba onguthelawayeka ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Yaphelela elise emadolobheni 87, 14 ayizikhungo lesifunda.

Ezindaweni akhonzwa umgwaqo bagxila 80% we amabhizinisi yezimboni isimo kanye yemvelo isisekelo seensetjenziswa. Ngokusebenzisa Tranassib wabeka-30 nemizila yizimpahla izitimela kokuthunyelwe ngamazwe zangaphakathi. Passenger ngesivinini ingxenye uhambo kulo mgwaqo, okuyinto ukuqhubeka wesitimela inethiwekhi European, kusuka eMoscow kuya Vladivostok izinsuku ezingu 6.

Trans-Siberian sesitimela, makhulu amathemba ukuthuthukiswa zazo lihlobene eduze ekwandeni ezinamathuba wezwe kwezomnotho, ku amazwekazi amabili: I-Europe (19.1% endleleni) nase-Asia (80.9%). Yaphelela has 1852 iziteshi.

izimo zemvelo Trans-Siberian sesitimela nezinkinga ezihlobene nabo

It kwavula indlela komgwaqo kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu: asemaqeleni, asemaqeleni ehlane, ehlathini. Enyakatho ingxenye umugqa ubabonisa endaweni eyiqhwa (isib eduze iChibi iBaikal). Izinkinga mayelana nesigameko wesitimela abasebenzela babe ukufeza lokhu okulandelayo:

• ingozi amatshe olusuka emithambekeni nokuzamazama komhlaba ezindaweni sezintaba;

• isidingo ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo izindlela ashisa lwehla ezindaweni sezulu yezwekazi;

• isidingo sokuyokhonza inani elikhulu amabhuloho;

• njalo sekulinganisa zihlangane eyiqhwa;

• ukuzimisela ukubhekana nemiphumela kwentwasahlobo izikhukhula.

Ngakho, izimo engokwemvelo the sesitimela Trans-Siberian angabhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze unqobe imiphumela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba yizici zemvelo Railways kufanele uchithe impela eningi imali.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Kuze kube manje, izimpahla eziningi kusukela ezweni lasempumalanga kuya entshonalanga is uthuthwa ulwandle. izinkampani zokuthutha Water uzizwe esinakho, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile ngokungafanele, kufuthwe izintengo amasevisi abo. Ngenxa yalokho, keli eziningi Trans-Siberian ujantshi ubonakala njengeNkosi okunye okuhle ulwandle ezokuthutha.

Kule ndaba, Government of the Russian Federation, kanye nokuphathwa Railways Russian, uye wazakhela iqoqo izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ezingaba elisendleleni zisebenza ngokubambisana ngendlela ephawulekayo ezinjalo, njengoba sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Amathemba yentuthuko ke kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko umqondo ezamukelwayo g / d emikhulu eRussia kuze kufinyelele 2030, kuphela 2015 ngenxa sesimanje imigwaqo yasetshenziswa ruble ayizigidi ezingu-50. Kuze 2030, sesitimela Trans-Siberian sihlelelwe ukudala izimo best for ukuhamba ekhethekile esitsheni umgibeli izitimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Coordinating Council of Russian Railways traffic umqondo yasungulwa endleleni kuze kuphele isikhathi kuze kufinyelele 2020, esihlinzeka:

• amazinga okukhiqiza yokuncintisana;

• ukwenzangcono lenhlangano zokuthutha;

• ekuthuthukiseni izinga lenkonzo;

• ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe anikeza ngolwazi amakhasimende mayelana nendawo kanye nesimo kwezimpahla esikhathini sangempela;

• okwandisa umkhiqizo amatheku entshonalanga nasempumalanga yezwe;

• ukudala yesimanje Logistics izikhungo kanye t. d.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngo-2016

izici Jikelele Trans-Siberian sesitimela ukuba yahlulele ngakho njengoba ujantshi ethembisayo ezweni lethu namuhla. Ekuqaleni 2016 kakade ke yenze iqoqo izinyathelo ezihlose kukagesi emigqeni ibhasi, kabusha amabhuloho, imigudu kanye iziteshi ezinkulu. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze imihubhe ukuthuthukiswa Primorye Primorye-1 no-2, kanye inhlangano ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi Korea kanye Russian Federation.

Izindlela ngcono

Ubude esikhulu sesitimela Trans-Siberian, ngeshwa, akusho yawo-bandwidth ezinhle. Inkinga lunomthelela omubi bonke abantu ngothi lwabo imikhakha emnothweni, kuhlanganise wesitimela okuthunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya nezindaba yenhlangano ukugxila okwamanje nje ukwandisa umthamo throughput ekugcineni kwesiqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imisebenzi eyenziwa okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko:

• ukuqeda le nkinga yokuvuna okungazelele izimoto yangasese kusuka izindlela umphakathi;

• abatshali zimali yangasese ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda iphayiphi;

• inhlanganisela ephumelelayo imodi ngamunye ezokuthutha ehilelekile ukuthutha.

Ngakho, i-main wesitimela, okuyinto ngokomongo ezimakethe zomhlaba ezweni lethu amathemba okusezingeni eliphezulu - lena sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Amathemba yentuthuko njengoba okunye main kwezithuthi zasolwandle okwamanje ezibanzi ngokungavamile. Kulokhu, imisebenzi zibalulwe kubhekwe ukunciphisa isikhathi ukuhamba kwezimpahla yokuthuthukisa izinga lenkonzo abagibeli kanye keli.