I-NPP yase-Armenia: Ukwakhiwa nokuPhathwa

Isitshalo samandla enyukliya ase-Armenia sinikeza cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezidingo zikagesi ezweni. Lona kuphela isitshalo samandla enyukliya esifundeni saseNingizimu Caucasus. Okwamanje kusetshenziswe, kodwa ikusasa layo libuzwa.

Incazelo

Kukhona isitshalo samandla enyukliya ase-Armenia eduze neMetsamor, esekelwe ngamakhilomitha angu-30 eningizimu yenhloko-dolobha yombuso. Isiteshi sinamayunithi amabili anesandla se-VVER-440 esakhiwe eRussia Federation. Lezi zitshalo zezizukulwane zokuqala zikhiqiza ama-440 MW (ugesi) no-1375 MW (okushisa).

Ngo-2012, i-Armenia yakhiqiza ama-kWh angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8 zamandla kagesi. Cishe amaphesenti angu-29 awo avela esitshalweni samandla enyukliya. Indawo yesikhungo kuyinhloko enkulu, engazange ithinte izingxoxo eziningi kuze kube manje. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, indawo esebenzayo yesiguquko kufanele ihlile ngamanzi amaningi. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akwanele, ngoba lesi sitshalo sitholakala phezulu ezintabeni.

Umlando

Ukwakhiwa kwalokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kusukela endaweni yokubukwa kwezobunjiniyela ekwakhiweni, okwakunezinsimbi eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwakudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela emsebenzini wabo bonke abasebenza ngaphansi kwemishini abafake imishini. Ukusebenza komsebenzi kuyamangalisa, kusukela ekuthungeni kwedwa kuphela, kukhishwe inhlabathi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 m ³ .

Ngo-1976, isitshalo samandla enyukliya sase-Armenia saqala ukusebenza. Ibhola lokuqala seliqalile. Idolobha elikude linguMetsamor, ogama lakhe ngezinye izikhathi libhekisela ekutshalweni kwamandla enyukliya. Ukuhlala kuxhomeke ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni kwesitshalo samandla enyukliya.

Kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi, ukwakhiwa kwezingqalasizinda zeMetsamor kwaqhubeka. Kubasebenzi abakhulu, izimo ezidingekayo zokuhlala edolobheni zadalwa. Kwakhiwa isikole, inkulisa, isikhungo sezokwelapha, nezinto zamasiko.

Ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwesiteshi, izinyathelo zithathwe ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wazo. Amanye ama-nodes ashintshiwe ukuze athuthukise ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwezitshalo zamandla enyukliya.

Lo msebenzi wadalwa ngo-1969. Waqondisa umsebenzi wokwakha we-Institute of Atomic Energy. Kurchatov. Ngomnyaka we-1980 i-unit power No. 2 yasungulwa. Kwakukhona amacebo wokudala amayunithi amathathu no-4. Kodwa-ke, ingozi eChernobyl enezimboni zamandla enyukliya yenza yonke imiklamo iqhwa.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba

Ngo-December 1988, izwe labhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu. Endaweni yesitshalo samandla enyukliya, amandla okuzamazama ayeyizingalo ezingu-6.25. Isikhungo samandla asizange sithole umonakalo, okuqinisekiswa yimiphumela yomsebenzi wekhomishini ekhethekile eyayihlola izakhiwo, izikhungo kanye nemishini yesiteshi. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba kuleli zwe uphoqelele uhulumeni we-Armenia SSR ukuba athathe isinqumo sokumisa zombili izinyunyana zezitshalo zamandla enyukliya ngoFebhuwari noMashi wonyaka olandelayo.

Ngo-1993, isimo samandla esifundazweni saba nzima. Iqembu elibusayo laseRiphabhlikhi yase-Armenia yanquma ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wokubuyisela esiteshini samandla enyukliya. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili i-unit No. No. 2 yaqala ukusebenza. Manje inikeza cishe 40% izidingo zikagesi ezweni.

Ngubani ophethe i-NPP yase-Armenia

Isiteshi yisakhiwo sikahulumeni we-republic. Unayo wonke amasheya angu-100% wezitshalo zamandla enyukliya nomthetho awukwazi ukuwathengisa. Ngo-2003, kwakukhona ukusayina kwezimpahla zokuphepha, ngokusho ukuthi umsebenzi wezezimali webhizinisi uphaswe ngaphansi kwe-Inter RAO UES. Isivumelwano sizosebenza kuze kube ngo-2013.

Nokho, ekupheleni kuka-2011 inkampani evela eRussia yaqeda isivumelwano, ngaphandle kokulindela ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwayo. Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, uMnyango wezeMandla weRiphabhliki yase-Armenia waba yizimali.

Ngabe iNPP yase-Armenia izosebenza kangakanani? Umnikazi (kumuntu kahulumeni) uthe ukusebenza komshini wamandla enyukliya kuzohlala kuze kube ngu-2026.

Izinkinga

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isiteshi singasebenza kuphela kuze kufike ngo-2016. Ukukhathazeka kwabo okuyinhloko kuhlobene nokuphakama okukhulu kwesifunda, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini engaphelele. Sekusebenze amashumi ambalwa eminyaka ngaphandle kwesikhashana futhi kufakwe esikhundleni. Isifiso se-European Union ngalezi zizathu zokugcina isitshalo samandla enyukliya sikhulu kangangokuthi silungele ukwabela le euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200.

Ukuhlukumeza kwalesi simo kwenzeka ngemuva kwenhlekelele esiteshini saseJapan "Fukushima-1", lapho ubuqotho bemabhuloki bephulwa khona ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. E-NPP yase-Armenia, lo mphumela wawusungulwe futhi waphetha ngokuthi ngeke uholele ekubhujisweni.

Isinqumo esisodwa esithathwe yiRiphabhlikhi yase-Armenia ukuwuhlakaza izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla enyukliya. Kodwa okwesikhashana nje.

Izwe lidinga isitshalo samandla enyukliya esisha, okwakhiwa ngalo okungama $ 5 billion. Ngaphandle kwalo, uhulumeni uzolahlekelwa ukuxhomekeka kwawo ugesi lwangaphandle. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, uhulumeni wadlulisela impilo yesitshalo samandla enyukliya iminyaka eyishumi.

Iziphathimandla zifuna abatshalizimali abakwazi ukuxhasa le phrojekthi. I-Armenia yaze yenqabela ukubeka amandla amabhulogi. Amazwe amaningana abonise isithakazelo ekwakheni. Kuthemba ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukhetho lwezezimali luzoxazulula futhi umbuso uzothola isitshalo samandla enyukliya yanamuhla.

I-Armenian Plant Power Plant: ingozi

Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke zenzeke esiteshini ngo-15.10.1982 - umlilo emgumbini wenjini weyunithi yokuqala yamandla. Ukucinywa komlilo kwahlala amahora angaba ngu-7 ngamandla abantu abangu-110.

Kungani izitshalo zamandla enyukliya ase-Armenia zisebenza? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayixhunyiwe nezingozi ezenzeka esiteshini. Okokuqala, isitshalo samandla enyukliya ase-Armenia sisasebenza okwamanje. Okwesibili, ikusasa lamandla enyukliya lixhomeke ekutshalweni kwezimali nokuxazulula izinkinga zemali.