Okungaphezulu kwesabelomali: okulungile noma okungalungile?

Insalela yesabelomali ingumqondo ophikisana ngokuphelele nokulahlekelwa. Lokhu kungukuthi, lapho imiphumela yomsebenzi wezomnotho wezwe isingeniswe esikhathini esedlule, kunomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ohlangothini lwezezimali ngaphezu kohlelo lwezezimali. Lezi zindaba ngokuqinisekile zikhuthaza, ngoba okunye okungazelelwe kuyasivumela ukuba sandise isikhwama sokugcinwa kwesifundazwe noma senze izinhlelo ezibalulekile zenhlalo.

Emnothweni wanamuhla, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni ayazi umqondo wokulahleka. Phela, ezimweni zenkinga enkulu, isabelo sebhajethi asisoze savela. Kodwa-ke, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi ukwedlula imali engenayo ngaphezu kwezindleko zebhalansi kuzo zonke izimo kulungile kuphela. Esifundweni sokubalwa kwemithetho kunomthetho ongenakunyakaziswa othi izibalo zezingxenye ezisebenzayo noma ezithintekayo zanoma yiliphi ibhalansi kufanele zifanane. Ukuphambuka kolunye uhlangothi noma okunye kusuka kokulingana kubonisa ukusatshalaliswa okungaqondakali kwesabelomali sombuso.

Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula isikhathi sokuvela kwe-surplus. Kungathuthuka ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo yemvelo noma kudalwe ngokuhlakanipha, bese kuthi isimo saphezulu. Ibhajethi ibonakala kuphela ebhalini, kodwa ngokusebenza kukhona isithombe esithile. Ithonya lokufakelwa kwibhajethi yamaRiphabliki yenza ukuphazamiseka kwazo zonke izinhlobo zendawo, njengoba zihlobene ngokuqondile.

Isabelo sebhajethi yisimo sezimali zokukhokha kwezwe, lapho inani elithile lezinsiza zezimali lihlala lilahlwa yizinhlaka zikahulumeni. Ukuhlelwa kahle kwemali ekhishelwa okwesikhashana kunganikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo enhlalakahle yabantu kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuhlala ezweni. Uhulumeni uzama ukulawula ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimweni zezimakethe zezimali, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuzumayo okungazelelwe ekuthengeni nasekudingeni noma ukumisa ukuzinza kwezinkampani ezithile ngisho nomkhakha. Futhi ukuqaliswa kokusebenza okunjalo, umbuso udinga nje ukuba ube nesisekelo saso semithombo.

Isabelomali kubhekwa njengenye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu zezwe, kubonisa izinkomba ezisemqoka zenqubomgomo yemali, nezindlela zokuzifeza. Uma uhulumeni eqonda ukuthi imali etholakalayo ayanele ngokwanele ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zomphakathi nezomnotho, khona-ke imali eyengeziwe yebhajethi isungulwa futhi kutholakala imali esondelene kakhulu. Kulokhu, umbuso uthonya imboni ngayinye ukwandisa ukugeleza kwemali ku-treasury. Ukufezwa komgomo obekiwe kwenziwa ngokusindiswa kwezimbambo eziyisisekelo:

• Isistimu yentela.
• Ukuhlinzeka ngemali mboleko kuhulumeni yibhange eliphakathi.
• Ukunciphisa okukhulu kunxenye yenkcitho.

Yiqiniso, okokuqala, uhulumeni uzoqinisa inqubomgomo yentela ngokukhulisa amazinga ezinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi noma ukuhlukanisa ngokwezinga lemali engenayo labantu. Uma ukwanda kwentela yentela kunganele, umuntu kufanele asebenze ekusindiseni nasekunciphiseni izindleko ezithatha ukuvikela imizimba yombuso - ukusebenzisa indlela yokuthuthwa kwemali. Futhi njengesenzo sokugcina kungenzeka ukunikeza ukudluliswa kukahulumeni. IBhange likaZwelonke linikezela ngemali ekhokhelwa imali ngisho nasesifundazweni, kodwa kunesithakazelo esincane. I-lever yokugcina ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokwanele, njengoba izimali ezitholiwe zitholakala ekubuyiseni okuphoqelekile, okungenza umbuso ube yisibopho sesikweletu.

Indima ebalulekile idlalwe yiziphi isabelomali. Isibonelo, emisebenzini yaseRussia, iminyaka embalwa elandelanayo, insalela yesabelomali ephindaphindiwe yaboniswa, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka okukhulu kwamabhajethi wendawo nesifunda, ibhalansi yokugcina noma ehlanganisiwe itholakala ngebanga elibi.