Inqubomgomo yezezimali kanye nesistimu yezimali kahulumeni: izici eziyinhloko zobudlelwane

Uhlelo lwezezimali lukahulumeni luhlanganisa ubudlelwane bempahla yezomnotho ezinkampanini zezezimali, ezinamalungelo nezibopho zabo.

Uhlelo lwezezimali lwaseRussia uhlelo oluqukethe ezezimali zomhlaba wonke, ezezimali zezinhlangano zomnotho kanye nezindleko zezakhamuzi ezivamile.

Ingxenye ngayinye yalesi simiso inemisebenzi ethize, futhi nayo ibhekene nokusebenza kobudlelwano abathile emkhakheni wezezimali.

Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umsebenzi wezimali zomphakathi ukuqoqwa kwezidingo zemali emphakathini kanye nesiqondiso uma kunesidingo noma, ngokuvumelana nesabelomali esivunyiwe, ukuxhasa izinhlelo zenhlalo nezinye izidingo zomphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwalo mthombo wemali engenayo kahulumeni kwenziwa ngezindleko zokuqoqa intela, imali etholakele kusuka ekuziphatheni kwezifundazwe zomhlaba kanye nemisebenzi kahulumeni. Njengengxenye yezimali zikazwelonke yilezi: isabelomali sesifundazwe, ukuboleka kukahulumeni kanye nomshuwalense, kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe zezimali zombuso . Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kufike ku-50% we-GDP ephinde yabelwe kabusha emazweni athuthukile. Kubuye kube uhlobo lwenqubo yokukhuthaza amabhizinisi nezenzo zomnotho zezifundo.

Isabelomali sesifundazwe simelwe uhlelo lokuqhathanisa izimali kanye nezindleko ezingeni likahulumeni, okumele zivunyelwe ngumthetho. Isakhiwo semali engenayo kanye nezindleko sinqunywa yizinkomba zenqubomgomo yomphakathi nezomnotho.

Uhlelo lwezimali lukahulumeni luncike kuzo zonke izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwalo, kungaba ukudideka kwezombusazwe noma izimo ezihlukene zezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Uhlelo lwezimali lukahulumeni alukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile ngaphandle kwemali yomhlaba, okudingeka ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi efana nemali ejwayelekile kahulumeni, kodwa ngokwahlukana okulodwa kuphela - ensimini yezinyunyana zokuphatha ezizimele. Iqukethe izimali ezengeziwe zebhajethi kanye nezabhajethi yendawo. Ukwakheka kwabo kwenziwa ngezindleko zendawo nezinkokhelo zendawo, ukubolekwa kwendawo, izinkokhelo, i-lottery neminye imithombo.

Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, uhlelo lwezezimali lukahulumeni luhlanganisa ingxenye enjalo njengezimali zezinkampani zebhizinisi. Ukwakhiwa kwalowo mthombo kubonakala kokubili ngenzuzo yenzuzo kanye nokwehliswa komkhakha webhizinisi.

Uhlelo lwezimali kanye nenqubomgomo yezezimali yezwe zihlobene kakhulu. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi ubuhlobo babo buya kanjani.

Ngakho-ke, inqubomgomo yezezimali yezwe iyisethi yamanyathelo asetshenzisiwe ahlose ukufeza leyo migomo echazwe yizinhlangano zombuso zezemali. Kusemkhakheni wale nqubomgomo ukuthi imithombo eyinhloko yokwakheka kanye nesiqondiso sezinsiza zezimali emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle uqinisekisiwe.

Enye yezinyathelo zomgomo wezezimali ukudala indlela ephumelelayo yezimali, nokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yombuso emkhakheni wezezimali. Lapha sibona ukuthi uhlelo lwezezimali lombuso lusebenza njengethuluzi noma isici semishini yezimali. Phela, isisekelo salesi simiso siyimali, ekubunjweni okubambe iqhaza kumgomo wezezimali. Futhi, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yizindlela zokwenza imali (isakhiwo semali), uhlelo lomthetho olubhekele ukusebenza kahle kokubunjwa kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko.

Futhi-ke, lesi sihloko ngeke siphele, uma singabaluleki inqubomgomo yezezimali kahulumeni. Okokuqala, le nqubomgomo kufanele ilwele ukwakheka komthetho okushintshaniswe nezimo zangempela. Okwesibili, ngosizo lomgomo wezezimali osebenza kahle, umbuso kufanele uthole "igolide elisho" intela - intela yentela ephelele yokusebenza komsebenzi wentela. Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo yomphakathi, kubalulekile ukuhlela nokubikezela indlela yokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezimali.