I-Dagestan: inani labantu, umlando namasiko

Ingxenyeni engeningizimu yeRussian Federation yiRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan. Inhloko-dolobha yaseMakhachkala cishe ineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala. Le migqa ye-republic i-Georgia, i-Azerbaijan, i-Stavropol Territory, iKalmykia ne-Chechnya.

AbakwaDagestan

Hlola ubukhulu be-republic asikwazi kuphela indawo yalo, kodwa futhi nenani labantu abahlala kulo. Ukubala kwabantu baseDagestan kubonise ukuthi ngo-2015 kwakunabantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.99 abahlala e-republic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abaningi abangu-59.49 ngekhilomitha ² . Kuyaqaphela ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-1989, ngokubaluleka kwabantu, kwakukhona abantu abangaphansi kwezigidi ezimbili abahlala lapho, futhi ngo-1996 - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,126.

Kodwa ungakwazi ukulinganisa inani lenani lezakhamuzi zaseRiphabhliki uma wazi ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-700 000 bahlala ngaphandle kwesifunda. Uhulumeni wezindaba zaseRussian Federation ukhuluma ngobuningi obunjalo. Phakathi kwazo zonke izifunda zezintaba, isibalo sabantu ku-Dagestan singenye yezinkulu kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunabantwana abangu-2.13 ngabesifazane ngabesifazane.

Abantu bakhuluma izilimi zaseRussia nezizwe zeDagestan. Kodwa kuphela izilimi ezingu-14 kuphela ze-republic ziye zabhala ulimi. Okunye kukhona ngomlomo. Kodwa okuvame kakhulu ngamaqembu amane kuphela olimi.

Ukukhula komphakathi

I-republic ihluke ngokulingana okuphezulu. Iphethe indawo yesithathu ehloniphekile kule nkomba eRussia. I-Ingushetia ne-Chechnya kuphela ehamba phambili. Njalo ngonyaka, kunezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingu-19.5 kwabakhileyo abayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule leli nani laliyi-18.8 eRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan.

Inani labantu likhula minyaka yonke. Izinga lokukhuphuka kwenani labantu liphakeme kakhulu eRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphela abantu abangu-45% abahlala emadolobheni, kuyilapho abanye behlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Amadoda kule ndaba yeRussian Federation ayincane kakhulu, isabelo sabo singama-48.1%. Uma sicabangela kuphela isibalo se-Dagestan, khona-ke leli republic lihlanganisa i-13th kuzo zonke izihloko ze-Federation.

Ukusabalaliswa kwedolobha

Iningi labantu abaningi kakhulu liyinhloko-republic - idolobha laseMakhachkala. Ngokuqondile lapha uhlala nabantu abangu-583 abayizinkulungwane. Futhi uma ucabangisisa yonke indawo ehlala ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwenhloko-dolobha, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-700 bazohamba.

Abantu abaningi bahlala kwamanye amadolobha aseRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan. Inani labantu baseKhasavyurt cishe ayizinkulungwane eziyi-137, Derbent - 121,000, Kaspiysk - 107,000, Buinaksk - 63,000.

Uma ubheka izifunda ze-republic, khona-ke abantu abaningi bazoba yiKhavyvyurtovsky: kuyo ngesikhathi kubalwa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-149. Esigodini saseDerbent kunezinkulungwane ezingu-102 zamaDagestani, ezifundazweni zaseBuinakskiy naseKarabudakhkent 78 no-79 000 abantu ngokulandelana.

Ukubunjwa kwezwe

Kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokwehlukana ukuthi abantu baseRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan umphakathi oyingqayizivele kusukela ekuboneni kohlanga. Amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezingu-50 ² kunezizwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 nezizwe ezahlukene. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi inxenye yensimu ayifanele emigqumeni yezintaba.

Iqembu eliningi kunabo bonke abantu bomdabu - ama-Avars. Ngokwe-2010, inani labo laliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-850 zabantu, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba yi-29.4% kubo bonke abahlali. Okulandelayo ngenombolo ngabantu baseDargin. Bangabantu bomdabu baseRiphabhuliki, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bangaki abasele. Isibalo se-Dagestan sikhula, ngokulandelana, kanye nenani lamaqembu ezizwe. Ngo-2010, kwakukhona amaDarginians angama-490 ayizinkulungwane (17% yenani eliphelele) ehlala e-republic, kanti ngo-2002 kwakuncane kakhulu kubo - 425.5 izinkulungwane.

Ingxenye yesithathu ngenombolo yi-Kumyks. E-Dagestan, baphila cishe u-15%, noma abantu abangu-432 abayizinkulungwane. Ngaphansi kancane kunezithombe ze-Lezgins, zakha u-13% wenani labahlali. Inani lalaba bantu e-republikhi cishe ku-388 000.

Futhi, ngenxa yokubalwa kwabantu, kwafunyanwa ukuthi kunezinhlanga ezimbalwa kakhulu. Isibonelo, ku-Dagestan kukhona khona okungenani ama-5% wamaLak, ama-4% ase-Azerbaijan namaTasarani, ama-3.6% aseRussia, nama-3.2% amaTchenke.

Izici zenkolo

Isibalo samadolobha aseDagestan ahluke kakhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-90 zinenkolo eyodwa. Iningi kulezi zimfundiso zamaRiphabliki amaSulumane. Ukusakaza le nkolo kwaqala kule nsimu ekhulwini le-VII. Ekuqaleni wabonakala eDerbent nasezindaweni eziphambili. U-Islam waba yinkolo evelele kuphela kule minyaka eyi-XIII-XIV.

Ukusabalala okunjalo isikhathi eside kungenxa yezimpi zangaphakathi ezahlala amakhulu amabili eminyaka ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa emva kokuhlasela kwamaMongol-Tatars nokuhlaselwa okulandelayo kukaTamerlane, amaSulumane abe yinkolo yazo zonke izakhamuzi zasezintabeni zase-republic. E-Dagestan, kunezindawo ezimbili: iSunnism neShiism. Owokuqala wabo uthi iningi eliphelele - 99% yabakhile beRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan.

Isibalo sabantu abasele ku-10% abantu abangewona amaSulumane bathiwa ubuKristu nobuJuda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunama-3.8% abantu base-Orthodox ngaphandle kwenani labahlali. Maphakathi nawo-90. E-Dagestan kwakukhona amaSulumane angaphezu kuka-1 6 000, amasonto ayisikhombisa namasinagoge amane. Izinombolo ezinjalo zenkolo zinikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi iyiphi inkolo ephumelelayo.

Izici zomlando

Ukuhlukahluka kobuhlanga kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa komlando kwalesi sifundazwe. I-Dagestan njalo ihlukaniswe ibe yindawo esungulwe emlandweni nasendaweni yendawo. Ngokwehlukana, lezi zifunda ezilandelayo zikhethwe kuleli zwekazi: Avariya, Akusha-Dargo, Agul, Andriya, Dido, Auch, Kaitag, Lakia, Kumykia, eSalatavia, Lekia, Tabarstan nabanye.

Insimu ye-Dagestan yanamuhla yayikhiwe kakade eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule. Ngenxa yezimpi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugcina, lezi zindawo zaba ngaphansi kwamaKhayars, futhi emva kwabo amaTatar-Mongol athatha.

Impi yesibili yaseRussia nePheresiya yashiya uphawu ekuthuthukiseni. Ngekhulu le-16, abaseRussia basungula idolobha lasePort Petrovsk (manje iMakhachkala) futhi banamathela ngokuphelele ogwini lonke loLwandle lweCaspian baya eMbusweni waseRussia.

Ngekhulu le-XVII, uDagestan waba yisifundazwe saseCaucasia. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu ukuvukela kwenzeka kule ndawo, eyaba yimpi yaseCaucasia. Ngenxa yalokho, isifunda seDagestan sakhiwa ngaphakathi koMbuso ngaphansi kwezempi-ukuphathwa okuthandwayo.

Ngesikhathi seSoviet, i-Dagestan ASSR yasungulwa. Ngo-1993 kwaba i-republic of Dagestan.

Amasiko Nezemidlalo eRiphabhliki

Ngenxa yokwakheka kobuhlanga obuhlukahlukene, i-republic ihlukile. Lokhu kushiya impendulo ekuthuthukiseni amasiko esifundeni. Isibonelo, lapha kunezinkundla eziningana zamazwe, phakathi kwabo iDarginsky naseKimyksky. I-Old Town, i-Citadel kanye nezakhiwo eziningana zedolobha laseDerbent zifakwe kuhlu lwe-Heritage World UNESCO. E-republic kunezinkulungwane eziyizikhumbuzo ezingu-8 000.

Enye yezincwadi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezincwadini zaseNyakatho Caucasus, lapho kunemibhalo engaphezu kuka-700 000, itholakala ngqo eRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan.

Abantu bayabandakanyeka kakhulu ezemidlalo. Lesi sifundazwe singomunye wabaholi eRussia ngokwemigomo yemidlalo. Sekuyiminyaka engama-50 uDagestan idume ngabasosha bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abayishumi abavela kule ndawo baba yi-Olympic, abantu abangu-41 banikezwa isikhundla sezwe lomhlaba kanye ne-89 - iYurophu.

Amasiko kazwelonke

Ngokwehlukana, bonke abacwaningi baqaphele uhlanga oluyingqayizivele lweDagestan. Isisekelo sefa elingokomoya leRiphabliki ngokuqondile yizilimi eziningi kanye nezwe lonke lezwe. Ubuciko bokukhuluma ngobuciko obuhlelwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kukhona izinkondlo zenkambiso, uhlobo lwendabuko.

Ubuciko obuhle buye kwavela kuphela ekhulwini lama-XX. E-republic kwakukhona ababili abaculi nabadwebi. Kodwa ubuciko nobuciko obusetshenzisiwe busekelwe ku-Age Bronze. Manje kuhloswe ngezingubo ze-Dagestan, ezihlotshiswe nge-koqweqwe lwawo, i-niello, ukudweba. Ezinye izizinda ziyaziwa ngethusi yazo yokuhlanganisa, imikhiqizo yamapulangwe enezicucu zesiliva noma ukufakwa kwamathambo, i-ceramics eqoshiwe, emaphepheni.