Isifunda se-Vologda esifundeni: inombolo, isilinganiso somphakathi. Ukuvikelwa komphakathi wabantu besifunda saseVologda

Isifunda saseVologda ingenye yezifunda zaseRussia eziqhamuka phambili ezinabantu abaningi baseRashiya kanye nomlando omude wokuthuthukiswa. Konke lokhu kanye nemibandela yemvelo kunquma indlela yokuphila kanye namasiko akhiwe kule ndawo. Inani labantu abaphansi kakhulu, inani elikhulu labantu abahlala emaphandleni kanye namandla amademokhrasi angalungile ajwayelekile kulezi zifunda kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Indawo yesimo se-Vologda esifundeni

Lesi sifunda sisezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeRussia yaseYurophu, esimweni sezulu esisezingeni eliphezulu nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ihlobo lifushane futhi alishisi, ubusika bude futhi bubucayi. Ngosayizi, isifunda yisifunda esikhulu kakhulu, sithatha indawo engamamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-144.5. I-Km. Imingcele ene-Arkhangelsk, i-Kirov, i-Kostroma, iTver, i-Yaroslavl, i-Leningrad, izifunda ze-Novgorod neRiphabhlikhi yase-Karelia.

Isikhungo sokuphatha esifundeni yidolobha laseVologda, isikhungo sezimboni ngumuzi waseCherepovets. Izifunda zesifunda saseVologda kukhona omasipala abangu-26 kanye nezifunda ezimbili zasemadolobheni (Cherepovets naseVologda). Amadolobha amakhulu noma angaphansi kakhulu ayabhekwa njengeSokol noVeliky Ustyug.

Umnotho wesifunda

Umkhiqizo omningi wasekhaya ngonyaka ka-2014 waba ngama-ruble angaba ngu-400 billion. Ngomsebenzi ngamunye, ngonyaka ofanayo, ngo-2014, i-GDP iphansi kakhulu - phakathi kwezinye izifunda zeRussia Federation. Okubi nakakhulu yiyona ndawo ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni esifundeni saseVologda, ezidabukisayo.

Emnothweni, izikhundla ezihola zihlala embonini nasezolimo. Umkhakha wokukhiqiza izimboni ulawulwa yi-metallurgy, isakhiwo somshini, imithi kanye nokusebenza kwezinkuni, i-pulp kanye nephepha, amakhemikhali kanye nezenzo zensimbi. Ezolimo, okubaluleke kakhulu ukulimala, okuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti angu-70 kuwo wonke imikhiqizo yezolimo. Endaweni yesibili - ukungena ngemvume.

Izimo ezimbi ziyizimboni ezingeni elilodwa (Cherepovets) kanye nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezifunda zasemaphandleni ezicindezelekile.

Idatha jikelele kubantu besifunda

Ngenyanga yokuqala ka-2016, isifunda saseVologda sasiyi-1,188,000, okuyizingu-333,000 ezazihlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nabahlali basezindaweni ezingu-855,000 zasemadolobheni. Isabelo sabasemaphandleni sasingamaphesenti angama-28, okubhekwa njengophakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso seRussia. Isifunda saseVologda sinezikhundla ezihamba phambili ngokweqhaza labantu baseRussia, okuyi-97.3% yenani labahlali. Futhi, endaweni yesithathu ngokusakazeka kwabantu baseMpumalanga Slavic, abavumela kuphela izifunda ze-Arkhangelsk naseBryansk. Amandla ashukumisa abantu abonisa ukunciphisa kancane kancane esifundeni saseVologda, esheshayo kunesilinganiso seRussia. Ngisho ngenkathi ephephile kakhulu, inani labantu lalinganqamuli ngaphezu kwama-5%, okuyizikhathi eziningana kakhulu kunezinga laseRussia. Izinga lokuzalwa eliphakeme kakhulu laliyisici se-80s yekhulu lama-20, futhi nangemva konyaka ka-2005. Izinga eliphansi lalingama-90s futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Noma kunjalo, izintambo ezithinta abantu endaweni esifundazweni zihle kakhulu kunezifunda zaseRussia ezinzima kakhulu.

Isilinganiso senani labantu besifunda saseVologda kusukela ngo-2017 kwaba ngabantu abayi-8 / km ² .

Ukunciphisa inani lesifunda

Ukuwohloka kwabantu bemvelo kungumkhuba obala kakhulu wesifunda. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa izinga lokuzalwa eliphansi. Esinye isizathu ukuthambekela kokuphuma kwabantu bendawo kwezinye izindawo. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2015, inani labantu lancipha ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-106, okungu-8.2%. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ukwehla kwabantu kubalulekile ezindaweni zasemaphandleni - lapha phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo kufinyelele ku-18%. Lokhu kubangelwa ukujwayela okuvela kubantu abavela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kuya emadolobheni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibalo ezisezingeni lokufa zibonakala zibonisa ukwehla kokufa, kanti ukwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu (ngeminyaka emihlanu). Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwehla kokufa esifundeni naseRussia njengamalungu wonke kwakuwumphumela wezinhlelo zokulwa nokubhema nokunciphisa inani labantu ababhema kubantu abaningi. Amathemba ekuthuthukiseni isimo sendawo esifundeni namanje ayengacacile, ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu basebekhulile, ukuguquka kwengqondo yabantu kanye nokuwohloka kwesimo sezomnotho eminyakeni yamuva.

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuhamba

Lesi sifundazwe sibonakala ngokuguquguquka okungalungile kokufuduka, lapho inani lalabo abashiya liphakeme ngaphezu kwenani labafika. Kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2015, umehluko phakathi kwabahambayo futhi wafika kwaba ngu-2063 abantu.

AmaDynamics wabantu abasebenza ukusebenza

Eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule kusukela ngo-2000, inani labantu abaneminyaka yobudala liyeke (kusukela ku-59.1 ukuya ku-57.6%), kanti inani labahola impesheni lenyukile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lesi simo sinomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Ngamagama amaningi, le nqubo isencane futhi iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela nengxenye kuphela.

Ukulinganiselwa komuntu

Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, izintambo ezimbi ezingezansi zabantu zizohlala esifundeni eminyakeni ezayo. Ngokwezibikezelo zakamuva zeVologstat, kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2026 abantu bendawo bazothola abantu abangaphezu kuka-40, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu elandelayo - okungenani abanye abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Ukwanda kwenani lamadolobha aseVologda kulindeleke ukuba landa ngo-7%. Ngenxa yalesi sikhathi kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2031, izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni ziyoba ngaphansi kwesithathu. Kubonakale (kubantu abangu-15 000) inani labantu abasha lizokwehla. Okunye (kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-74) kuzokwehlisa inani labantu abaneminyaka yobudala. E-Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Region Vologda, ukuncipha okunjalo kwakubhekwa kusongela.

Ukuvikelwa komphakathi wabantu besifunda saseVologda

Isimo sezomnotho singaba sibi nakakhulu kunesi simo samanje, uma kungesona izinyathelo ezithathwe ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila zabantu, ezazisekelwa umbusi wesifunda saseVologda. Izenzo ezithathwe kakade zihlanganisa imali yokubeletha, izinkokhelo ezengeziwe zenyanga lapho kuzalwa ingane yesithathu, izakhiwo ezengeziwe zomhlaba emikhaya emikhulu. Konke lokhu kwaba yisizathu senani elikhulayo lemindeni enezingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lokuzalwa (13.6 kubantu abayi-1 000 ngo-2014) alanele ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemvelo kwesimanje ezingeni elikhona, okudinga ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kule ndlela.

Mayelana nalokhu, umbusi wesifunda saseVologda u-O. A. Kuvshinnikovym uvumele uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izimo zomphakathi esifundeni. Kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zenhlalakahle, ukugqugquzela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi, ukufinyelela emfundweni yekhwalithi, ukuthuthukiswa okungokomoya, ukugcina ukulinganiswa kwemvelo, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphatha nezinye izinyathelo. Konke lokhu kufanele kusize ukuxazulula izinkinga nabantu besifunda saseVologda.