"Okusheshayo" (rocket). Antitank uhlelo missile

"Vortex" - missile kusukela Russian antitank missile uhlelo (ATRA) 9K121 "Vortex" (NATO Ukwahlukanisa - AT-16 scallion), kokuba isiqondiso laser. It uyagijima kusukela emikhunjini, kanye ezinophephela emhlane Ka-50, Ka-52 futhi Su-25. Waboniswa lokuqala ngo-1992 emhlanganweni show emoyeni Farnborough.

umlando ukuthuthukiswa

Inxanxathela "Okusheshayo" yasungulwa ngo elaliyiSoviet Union njengenhlangano Analogue of ATRA American AGM-114 Esihogweni Somlilo. Umsebenzi waqala ngo-1980 futhi kwenziwe yi Tula Abaklami we KBP ngaphansi kokuqondisa AG Shipunova. Kwamakhophi okuqala zilethwe impi kwa-1985. Kuyini isiphetho missile waba "ngesivunguvungu '? Ukuhlolwa eyinkimbinkimbi ezinophephela emhlane B-80 kanye Su-25T, olwenziwa ngo-1986, kuqinisekiswa kahle yaso ephezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, eyinkimbinkimbi kwavele sesimanje, okwaphela ngo-1990. Nokho, ngenxa isimo esishubile zezimali ibutho Russian ayekade uthenge nenani elincane kuphela elihlanganyela imikhiqizo eseqedile zokuhlola. ukukhiqizwa Series waqala ngo-2014, futhi izinhlelo kuqala ezempi Russian ekupheleni 2015 ukuhlomisa ezinophephela emhlane Ka-52.

ongakhetha ATRA

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo lokhu anti-eziyinkimbinkimbi:

• 9K121 «Okusheshayo" - inguqulo ekuseni, ukuthuthukiswa eyaqedwa ngokugcwele ngo-1997. Indlela munition ke kwaba ifakwe kule eziyinkimbinkimbi "Okusheshayo"? 9M127 missile lahlukene-8 km ingxenye yayo. yesiqinisekiso zayo zempi kwaba 900 mm.
• 9K121 «Vikhr-M" - inguqulo elungisiwe we-serial. Kuhlanganisa nangomcibisholo "Vortex-1" (ukubiza ejwayelekile - 9M127-1) lahlukene 10 km, ifakwe icala Ngohlelo kuhlaba zempi ukuba 1200 mm.

Kubaluleka yezikhali ezicitshwayo ukushaya ikhono

Yiziphi izici ATGM "Okusheshayo"? Isakhiwo missile yakhelwe ukubhubhisa esibalulekile phansi amatshe, kuhlanganise nezikhali, ifakwe alufakwa-esisheshayo zempi main noma ezengeziwe (ERA). Cishe bonke izinhlamvu anti usebenza ngesisekelo isinyathelo ezuziwe, isb. E. ngu zempi ukubhoboza jet metal ashisayo. zempi Explosion-esisheshayo zingephulwa kuphela hits ambalwa endaweni efanayo. Lesi simiso ukusebenza Ngohlelo izinhlamvu, njengokuthi "Vortex-1" rocket, lapho kukhona khona ababili icala ezuziwe kwabangela zilandelana. Ngaphandle Ngohlelo amacala uthole endaweni efanayo mayelana nezembatho zempi cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ukwakheka ATGM "Okusheshayo"

Rocket "Vortex-1" warhead kuyinto antitank eziyinkimbinkimbi "Vortex-M", okuyinto sihlanganisa zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Isiqalisi izindiza (izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza) uthayiphe AAP noma AAP-6-8;
• Ukubuyekeza okuzenzakalelayo uhlelo nokukhomba uhlobo mina-251 "Squall-M."

Okuzenzakalelayo sextant uhlelo "squall-M" ukuthuthukiswa Krasnogorsky isitshalo "Zenith" unikezwa-TV IR (infrared) iziteshi kuhloswe ukudlula laser ugongolo ukulawula nangomcibisholo, a rangefinder laser, automatic iyunithi target yokulandelela, ikhompyutha digital futhi uhlelo rocket kuqiniswa zindiza e izindiza ezimbili . I-251 ohlelweni inikeza ukuthola eziqondiwe ukuhlonza in the imini nobusuku, ukulandela ngomkhondo okuzenzakalelayo bamatshe kanye isiqondiso missile kubo, kanye Imiphumela ulwazi lunembile wezikhali kanye amabhomu.

sokukhomba ubuchwepheshe

Uma izixhumanisi of the target pre-afakwe ugibelile digital ikhompyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi (ODCC) indiza (izindiza), ogama inkumbulo kufanele agcinwe ibalazwe indawo indiza, lapho esondela target at ibanga 12-15 km isistimu ngokuzenzakalela kwi "Squall-M." Nxa ilitshe izixhumanisi zaziwa cishe kuphela, boresight isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi "Vortex-M" kuhlanganisa umshayeli. Kuqala kuthwetshulwa izindawo sikumabonakude (noma ezishisayo imaging) isiteshi, ukubonisa imiphumela esikrinini TV cab.

Ngemva ukubukeka ilitshe phezu umshayeli TV kuhilela imodi okwenza, ikhomba eziqondiwe kuholela isithombe ithegi yayo reticle. Uhlelo-ke "Squall-M" lihunyushwa yi lokuhlola ukulandela ngomkhondo i target siyachazwa. Kule modi, umshayeli kufanele ugcine indiza esimweni esinjalo mayelana target, kangangokuba kwaba ngaphakathi kobubanzi akwamukeleki apharathasi kokulandela ye-engeli azimuth (kufika ku ± 35 °) futhi ukuphakama engela (kusuka + 5 ° ukuba -80 °). Lapho isifinyelele ububanzi kuvunyelwe, ngokuzenzakalelayo waqala i anti-missile "Okusheshayo". Ngesikhathi target efanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi abeke kwesigamu somzuzu noma rocket ezimbili zokudubula kuze 4 okuhloswe.

Missile "Okusheshayo": Izici

Missile yakhelwe ukubhubhisa armored phansi amatshe, kuhlanganise nalezo eline zempi alufakwa-esisheshayo main noma ezengeziwe at ibanga 8 km ekuziphatheni umlilo enophephela emhlane futhi 10 km kusuka izindiza emini (kufika ku-5 km ebusuku), kanye ukunqoba emoyeni Okuqondiwe enikeziwe VOP ukumboza izindlela. Inama zombili contact kanye ukusondela fuses. Lesi sakamuva ikuvumela ukuba hit okuhloswe zasemoyeni lapho kusondela kubo webanga elingamamitha angu-5 m.

Ijubane ukundiza missile kuyinto leSupersonic, ukufinyelela 610 m / s, ukuze ibanga 4 km ke Onqobayo e 9 imizuzwana. Ngakho PTUR eziyinkimbinkimbi AGM-114K Esihogweni Somlilo ukuze bahlanganise le ibanga kudinga 15 njengoba indiza ngesivinini Subsonic.

Engela ukuhlangana isithiyo ku missile 90 ° amakhefu yibhange steel homogenous zempi 1,000 mm obukhulu.

rocket design

kwakhiwa Rocket warhead is a wesifunda Ngohlelo kanye esilinganayo kanye ubude bayo. Front-end icala eliyindilinga, okuyiwona kukhona drive ye ezine sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control evele ukuthi kungenziwa wakhipha ezingosini ezisezindongeni reverse isiqondiso isihlobo ukuba ijubane rocket. Landelayo kuyinto warhead yesibili kuhlanganiswe kokuba kokubili ezuziwe ne ephezulu alufakwa kwehlukana ingxenye.

Ukuze warhead kuthathwe yokubasela injini main kanye injini uqobo lwaso siqinile ne Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezimbili iqondiswe engela eksisi we rocket. Lapha, esigabeni umsila we nangomcibisholo, kuba nesandla ukulawula isitsha imishini uhlelo kanye futhi svetolucha laser umamukeli.

Ezingemuva izindlu ingxenye kuhlelwe sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza empennage rocket e ngokwewashi ezine izimisele (uma ulibuka ekhaleni missile) amaphiko ukuma pentagonal, ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala (lapho ingaphakathi ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa esitsheni (TPK)) eseduze nendawo yokuhlala, babe sebetshela esebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile.

Ukutholakala elawulwa-iphiko ukulawula evele phambi futhi bakhulise nengaphethwe ivumela zihlanganisa missile isikimu sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza yohlobo "duck".

Sebenza rocket izindlela phakathi kokuqala futhi indiza

It is uyiswa ingilazi-fibre kwagcizelela plastic TPK, kusukela nezoqala bedle Propellant ingcindezi accumulator. Lapho sethula senzeka ejection elincane amagesi wokushiswa ukuphela ezingemuva TPK. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma isitsha ukuqaliswa okhethwe amaphiko futhi rocket injini isiqalile. Laser emehlweni isendaweni missile aft, okuyinto ivame ukuba bahlale ugongolo laser ngesikhathi indiza.

Isiqondiso ugongolo laser on the target isiqinisekiso ukunemba okuphezulu sokudubula, okungadingi wehlise nge okwandisa target ibanga. Amandla emisebeni laser emehlweni uphansi kangangokuthi umyalelo ezidlula esingaphansi embundwini nokucupha amandla ezijatshulelwa angaphandle mkhosi simiso ngemisebe laser. Linikeza esikhoselweni oyinhloko izikhali. Rocket "Vortex" uyakwazi ezihambayo wosayizi omncane ukubhubhisa target ikilasi "ithangi" nge Amathuba 80%.