Endaweni Burns kuchazwe entendeni umthetho: Burns. Ukwahlukanisa eshe endaweni kanye nobungako umonakalo

Ekuphileni, ngamunye wethu wathola ukusha. Area ukusha kungaba ezahlukene, kodwa umuzwa ihlale ifana, sengathi le ndawo ethintekile isicelo ilahle red-hot. Futhi akukho amanzi, iqhwa noma cindezela abandayo angeke banqobe lo muzwa.

A ashise kwezokwelapha - lokhu umonakalo izicubu kubangelwa isenzo lokushisa eliphezulu noma umsebenzi izinga eliphakeme lamakhemikhali, isb acid, lezisekelo zalo, esindayo zensimbi. Kobukhulu umonakalo kunqunywa ukujula indawo izicubu ezonakele. Kukhona kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile yasha, etholwe ngemisebe noma abanjwe ugesi.

ngezigaba

Ukwahlukanisa ukusha esekelwe ukujula uhlobo ukulimala, kodwa kukhona ukwahlukana ukubonakaliswa yomtholampilo, amacebo yezokwelapha noma uhlobo ukulimala.

Zihlukaniswa yasha ukujula:

1. Izinga lokuqala libhekene izilonda kuphela ungqimba phezulu isikhumba. It livezwa ububomvu, ukuvuvukala kancane futhi ubuhlungu. Izimpawu zinyamalale emva kwezinsuku ezintathu noma ezine, futhi ingxenye abathintekayo we epithelium esikhundleni esisha.
2. Ukulimala epidermal basal ungqimba 2 kubonisa eshe degree. Uma uyikha phezulu le kwesikhumba nge Bubbles avele okuqukethwe turbid. Ukuphulukisa ihlala kufika emavikini amabili.
3. Lapho wesithathu-degree burns, umonakalo ezishisayo ithola hhayi kuphela epidermis kodwa futhi dermis.
   - I degree of A: isilonda dermis ezansi kancane ezilimele, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva ukulimala selivela black utwayi, ngezinye izikhathi avele Bubbles ezingase uhlangane nomunye. Ubuhlungu endaweni lapho ushe akuyona wazizwa ngenxa umonakalo receptor. Self-ukuvuselelwa kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ngeke ujoyine igciwane yesibili.
   - Degree B: ukulahlekelwa isamba epidermis, dermis kanye hypodermis.
4. Eyesine degree - isikhumba ushiswe, le ungqimba lwamafutha, imisipha ngisho nethambo.

Ukwahlukanisa ukusha ngohlobo umonakalo:

1. Ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme:
   - Fire - endaweni ezilimele mkhulu, kodwa ukujula kangako. ukwelashwa Primary nzima yokuthi kunzima ukuhlanza isilonda zemizimba angaphandle (intambo izingubo izingcezu baye elicibilikile izinkinobho noma amazipha).
   - Fluid - bashise elincane kodwa esuka ekujuleni (A-to-yesithathu degree).
   - umusi ashisayo - abalulekile ezishile ubude, kodwa kuyaqabukela ufinyelela besigaba sesibili ukujula. Ngokuvamile kuthinta ipheshana zokuphefumula.
   - incandescent impahla - isilonda ephinda lamatshwayo ndaba, futhi ungaba ukujula eside.
2. amakhemikhali:
   - acid kubangele coagulation necrosis, futhi kwisayithi ye lesion livela uqweqwe wamaprotheni ezigoqile. Akunandaba ngalé kwezicubu iyini imbangela yalokho. I kunamandla acid, eduze ebusweni isikhumba endaweni ethintekile.
   - Alkali kwakhiwa necrosis liquefactive, selithambile lendwangu lingena ngokujulile izidakamizwa ezonakalisayo, ushe-2 degrees.
   - heavy metal zikasawoti nibonakala zifane ukusha acid. Ziyakwazi 1-st kuphela degree.
3. ukusha agesi okuyokwenzeka ngemva ukuxhumana ugesi lobuchwepheshe noma yesimo sezulu esibi futhi, njengoba umthetho, kukhona kuphela endaweni entry kanye ophumayo le khulula.
4. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukusha singenzeka ngemva kokungenwa ionizing emisebeni noma ukukhanya. Abaliqondi nokuchayeka yabo Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso lesion kwezitho futhi izinhlelo, kunokuba ngqo izicubu zomzimba ezithambile.
5. ukusha Kuhlanganiswe zihlanganisa eziningana izici elimazayo efana igesi futhi ilangabi.
6. Kuhlanganiswe ingakhishwa ngokuthi ukulimala, lapho ngaphezu ashise kunezinye zokulimala, ezifana waphuka.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Noma ubani oke waba wathola ukusha (ezishile endaweni wayengaphezu nje kokuba umuntu uhlamvu lwemali ezinhlanu-ruble), uyazi ukuthi onalesi sifo zesifo - umniningwane obalulekile e uphethwe. iziguli ukuhlukumezeka zivame zilimale ezingozini, izinhlekelele zemvelo noma ngenxa izingozi emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, abantu egumbini lokulinda Kwalethwa emihlambini. Bese kuthi-ke Ukukwazi ukubikezela ushintsho esikhathini esizayo isiguli singaba usizo kabi ngesikhathi ukuhlunga. I Ezimweni eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinzima kufanele aphathwe ngodokotela kwasekuqaleni, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi umthethosivivinywa eya amahora nemizuzu. Ngokuvamile, ukuqagela kusekelwe surface area nangalowo lesion ezilimele ukujula, futhi ukulimala ahlobene.

Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokunembile onalesi sifo, isebenzisa indices etsembeni (sib, Frank Inkomba). Kuze kube yimanje, ngoba amaphesenti endaweni ethintekile ngamunye inikezwa usuku olulodwa kuya amaphuzu. It kuncike ngezinga elithile kwasendaweni betshisa, kanye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ashise endaweni yomoya engenhla. Uma ukuphefumula disordered alikho, ukusha, ikhanda nentamo uthola amaphuzu 15, futhi uma kunjalo, khona-ke zonke 30. Khona-ke ukubala zonke okuhlaziya. Kukhona uhla:

- esingaphansi amaphuzu 30 - a Izibikezelo esihle kakhulu;
- kusukela koleminyaka engamatshumi amathathu ukuba ayisithupha - kuqhathaniswa esihle kakhulu;
- ayisishiyagalolunye - ngabazeka;
- ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalolunye - ezingezinhle.

Indawo eyayakha

Kwezokwelapha, zikhona izindlela eziningana ukubala indawo ebusweni ethintekile. Ukunqunywa endaweni kanye nendlela lapho ushe kungenzeka uma uthatha umthetho ukuthi kobuso zezitho ezihlukeneko zomzimba ithatha amaphesenti abayisishiyagalolunye endaweni Imininingwane kwesikhumba, ngokuvumelana ekhanda lakhe entanyeni, esifubeni, emzimbeni, ngalinye ingalo, senyonga, emlenzeni unyawo kuhlala 9% kanye ebusweni ezingemuva umzimba - kabili (18%). Perineum nesitho sangasese ithole amaphesenti eyodwa kuphela, kodwa lezi ukulimala ezibhekwa okubi kakhulu.

Zikhona nezinye imithetho sokunquma endaweni yasha, isibonelo ngesandla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu entendeni endaweni kuthatha omunye komunye kanti amaphesenti angu uhhafu wezindleko surface body. Lokhu kuvumela ezinqumela ukunquma ubukhulu ingxenye ezilimele futhi kobukhulu isimo ukuphetha. Isithakazelo ukusha emzimbeni kukhona ukubaluleka esinikelweko. Bathembele kokuhlaziywa subjective zikadokotela.

umtholampilo

It ezikhonjwe izimpawu eziningana ezingase zenzeke ukusha. Le ndawo yasha kulokhu akusho inendima ekhethekile, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ezibanzi, kodwa engajulile. Ekugcineni ifomu ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo Ungashintshanisa nomunye umuntu alulame:

1. Erythema noma ububomvu kwesikhumba kuhambisana ububomvu. It kwenzeka nganoma isiphi ukusha degree.
2. Vesicle - a egcwele umfuma ketshezi Murky. Singasho okuxutshwe negazi. Kwenzeka ngenxa uyaxebuka elingenhla isikhumba ungqimba.
3. Bulla - a vesicles ambalwa iyahlanganiswa zibe munye bubble kanye amasentimitha nengxenye ububanzi.
4. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi - bashise ebusweni lapho kukhona epidermis. Yena ukopha noma kudedelwa ichor. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukususwa amashashaza noma bulla, izicubu necrotic.
5. Isilonda - a ukuguguleka ezijulile, ezithinta dermis, hypodermis nemisipha. Inani kuncike endaweni esandulele necrosis.
6. Coagulation necrosis - ezomile izicubu necrotic emnyama noma obunsundu. zisuswe surgically Kalula.
7. necrosis Liquefactive - ezimanzi abolile izicubu ezingase zandise emaqaqasini umzimba, futhi ohlangothini, abambe inyama ephilile.

ashise isifo

Lokhu umzimba impendulo letindzala ukuba ashise ukulimala Lesi simo kungenzeka kokubili ngesikhathi umonakalo ebusweni uma umzimba ushisa 30% noma ngaphezulu, futhi ukusha ezijulile, bangazihluphi kungekho amaphesenti angaphezu kuka eziyishumi. Izakhi ezibuthaka ezikulezi impilo lomuntu, sobala ngokwengeziwe lolu hlobo ukushaqeka. I pathophysiology uhlukaniswe izigaba ezine yentuthuko isifo ezishile:

1. Shisa ukushaqeka. Uthatha ngezinsuku zokuqala ezimbili, yalimala kabi - izinsuku ezintathu. It kuvela ngenxa lokwabiwa kabusha ayilungile uketshezi kwezitho ukushaqeka (inhliziyo, amaphaphu, ubuchopho, izinso).
2. Acute ezishile toxemia eba ngaphambi kokujoyina ukutheleleka ihlala isikhathi esisuka esontweni elilodwa kuya izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye. Pathophysiologically ezifanayo ukuze akuqede syndrome, imikhiqizo isb izicubu kwamazinyo faka kwegazi futhi ubuthi emzimbeni.
3. Burn septicotoxemia ibonakala ngemuva ukubusa ukutheleleka. It kungathatha izinyanga eziningana kuze wonke amagciwane sekususiwe ebusweni isilonda.
4. Yokutakula luqala ngemva amanxeba ezishile avalwa granulation izicubu noma epithelium.

ukudakwa Endogenous, ukutheleleka sepsis

Burn umzimba emzimbeni ephelezelwa amaprotheni denaturation ukudla okunobuthi. I isibindi kanye nezinso cishe akakwazi ukubhekana umthwalo landa ngesikhathi umfutho kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva uhlukunyezwe amasosha omzimba womuntu kuyinto Kuqashwe, kodwa ubuthi eside yomzimba ephula izindlela ukuvikelwa, futhi yakha immunodeficiency yesibili. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi ebusweni isilonda ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe microflora Putrid.

Inhlobo izisulu ukusha

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, e egunjini labadinga usizo oluphuthumayo kuyaqabukela Bawuletha isisulu, onesifo ukusha. Le ndawo lokusha kanye inani leziguli kuzidlula nomthamo kodokotela, ngakho udinga ukuhlunga engenayo abantu kobukhulu isimo ukwazi ubani ukunakekela okuhle kwezokwelapha kwasekuqaleni:

1. Ngokuzimisela kwalimala babe ukusha olukha phezulu phezu amaphesenti amabili zomzimba noma ukusha ezijulile - amaphesenti angaphezu kuka eziyishumi, kanye engenhla ukusha zokuphefumula. Iziguli ezinjalo abadinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha kanye esibhedlela ngosizo zezindiza sanitary.
2. Izinga isilinganiso ngobucayi ukusha olukha phezulu amaphesenti amabili noma ngaphansi ezijulile - akukho amaphesenti angaphezu kuka eziyishumi ebusweni nomzimba. Ngakho kudingeka sinikeze usizo lodokotela ukuze bakwazi ukunqoba izisulu baphendukela yesibili, kodwa akusho ukuthi kungenziwa zishiywe isikhathi eside.
3. Ezintsha ukusha olukha phezulu ebonakala, bangazihluphi angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu we ebusweni isikhumba noma ukusha ezijulile, okuyinto ukudlulisa kungekho amaphesenti angaphezulu kwayisihlanu futhi musa kuthinte elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula.
4. Elambulala - ngabantu abaye unomzimba ukusha ezijulile (50% noma ngaphezulu), kanye nabantu abadala kanye ukulimala amaphesenti amathathu we ebusweni. Ngakho izisulu Kwenziwa ukwelashwa lingaze kuphela. Izisulu emikhulu izingozi zezimboni mhlawumbe 90% emzimbeni ukusha. Lena umonakalo obulalayo, nosizo kuleli cala akunakwenzeka, ungakwazi kuphela zama ukudambisa analgesics yabo ukuhlupheka eqinile (ikhoma eyenga) noma ephefumula izinzwa.

zosizo lokuqala

Ukuze uthole umhlahlo ezinhle linendima ebalulekile ukuhlinzekela zokuzisiza kanye yokusizana. I rapidity ukuthi bayavuma evumela ukuba kakhulu ukunciphisa endaweni kuvuthe futhi ukujula. Into yokuqala uphazamise contact kuhlasimulise phakathi ejenti kanye womuntu isb ukucima noma unqamule hashaza inethiwekhi / iwukudambisa zamakhemikhali.

In esigabeni zangaphambi esibhedlela it is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa yokugcoba uwoyela ezisekelwe, nezinye izinto ezithwala fat-aqukethe, ngoba bakha ifilimu phezu isilonda kanye ukuvimbela ukushisa okukhipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esibhedlela kuyodingeka susa futhi "Ukungcoliswa zokwelapha", okubangela ubuhlungu ukuze isisulu. Akubalulekile ekhaya ukukhiqiza ukwelashwa isilonda, ezifana ukususwa imizimba angaphandle, noma isikhumba ushiswe, nokunye okunjalo. Lokhu kungaholela ukutheleleka, ngoba ngeke saphawula ngenxa imodi asepsis / antisepsis. Plus, ngaphandle izinzwa efanele umuntu ozama ukusiza amathuba okuba uwele esimweni ubuhlungu ukushaqeka kuyinto.

ukukhululeka ubuhlungu kanye nokwelashwa isilonda

Kuye kobukhulu lesiguli isimo izinzwa ekhetha ezifanele izidakamizwa futhi izinzwa imiklamo. Kungaba-non-steroidal izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala, analgesics-antipyretics indawo noma conduction izinzwa. Ukuze Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, analgesics kwezidakamizwa Site.

Ngemva ukulimala izinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo wabe ukuphathwa eyinhloko ebusweni isilonda. Yena detaches le epidermis, kuvula namadreni noma Bubbles, imizimba angaphandle ziyasuswa. Khona-ke ebusweni likhishwa amakhoba isilonda ivaliwe ahlanzekile gauze ibhandishi. Nge ukusha yesibili nezinga nesineke kudingeka ufake ngqi serum.

ukuphathwa zendawo

Izindlela ezimbili ezaziwa yasha ukwelashwa - kokubili kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Zingasetshenziswa noma eceleni noma ndawonye. Ukuvimbela isilonda ukutheleleka, ke ngenkuthalo omisiwe avele necrosis ezomile. Lokhu kusekelwe indlela ivulekile. Isetshenziswa nilimaza ngaphandle izinto ezifana utshwala izixazululo halogens ezingasetshenziswa coagulate namaprotheni. Futhi, kungenzeka Physiotherapy wasebenzisa izindlela ezifana amaza okushisa.

ukuphathwa Kuvaliwe kusho kusaladi ukuthi ukuvimbela amagciwane, futhi unikeze amanzi ka outflow uketshezi. Ngaphansi ngebhandeshi isicelo nezidakamizwa ukukhuthaza nilimaza granulation, ngcono outflow uketshezi babe izakhiwo isinqandakuvunda. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela esetshenziswa imithi elwa namagciwane ezibanzi-spectrum, okuyinto abe isenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi.