Unkulunkulu onogada uShiva. Nkosi Shiva: Umlando

E-India, uShiva usahlonishwa. UNkulunkulu ungunaphakade, efakazela ukuqala kwakho konke. Inkolo yakhe ibhekwa njengowokudala emhlabeni. Khona-ke le ndoda yayibhekwa njengento engapheliyo, ehlala njalo futhi eqinile, neyesifazane - esebenzayo futhi ebonakalayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokwazi ngokusondelene nesithombe salowo onkulunkulu wasendulo. Abaningi babona izithombe zakhe. Kodwa abantu abambalwa baseNtshonalanga bayazi imininingwane yempilo yakhe.

Idatha yemlando

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umlando wenkulunkulu uShiva ubuyela empucuko yaseHarappan. Lona isiko lamaNdiya asendulo ahlala emazweni aseNyakatho India. Bashintshwa yi-arias, eyafika eminyakeni yesithathu yeminyaka eyi-BC esigodini soMfula i-Indus. Namuhla, amanxiwa emizi yawo atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme, ensimini yasePakistan.

Siyazi uphawu lwePashupati nezinye izilimi (mayelana nencazelo yaleli gama sizokhuluma kamuva) kwalesi sikhathi. Babephakathi kwezinto ezitholakala eMonjejo-Daro naseHarappa.

Lapho kufika ama-Aryan, ukwakheka kwenkolo entsha kuyenzeka. Le nqubo ifaniswa nokusabalaliswa kobuKristu kumaqaba emakhulwini okuqala enkathini yethu. Manje kukhona isithombe esisha, esihlanganisa uShiva - unkulunkulu u-Rudra, ophethe ubudlova nononya wesivunguvungu, impi nokubhujiswa.

Akunjalo yini ukuthi umlando unendawo yokuziphindaphinda? Ngomusa onkulunkulu bamaqaba, njengeGreek Pan futhi satyr, baba umoya omubi enkolweni entsha futhi elikhanyayo. Ama-Arians akholelwa ukuthi kwakungesona isono ukubulala "abakhulekeli be-lingam."

E-Vedas, iShiva kukhonjisiwe eRig Veda, Yajur Veda nase-Atharva Veda. Ngokuphelele, igama elithi Rudra linamaphindaphinda angaphezu kwesigamu sezinkulungwane.

Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona nabasekeli bemikhuba endala, lapho abaphikisi bezinkinga ze-Brahmin bajoyina khona. Okusho ukukhulekela impilo yonke yabonkulunkulu, uma ungayitholanga umvuzo walokhu ngisho nokuzalwa kabusha okulandelayo? Kuthiwa ku-Vedas ukuthi yi-brahmanas kuphela ongathola insindiso.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izingxenye zamanje zamanje (iSramram), esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesimiso kwakuyi-skull ye-brahmana ebulawe.

Kwesinye se-Upanishads (amazwana e-Vedas) kukhona okuqukethwe okuphelele nokuhlelwa kwefilosofi yeShaivism. Leli phepha linamatheksthi angamakhulu ayishumi nantathu futhi kuthiwa "Shvetashvatara".

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UShiva uboniswa kanjani? UNkulunkulu ngesimo sakhe esidala kunesimo se-lingam ne-tripodra (imivimbo emithathu emhlophe emhlophe). Lesi sibonakaliso sachaza amajele amathathu omphefumulo womuntu noma amaHuns amathathu akha umhlaba wamaMaya.

Kamuva, uShiva waqala ukuboniswa ehlezi e-lotus noma ekudansa.
Esikhathini sokuqala esasihlukile esikhumbeni sakhe esikhuphukile, sasinentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezingalo ezine. Ngokuvamile, uNkulunkulu uhlala endaweni ye-lotus esikhumbeni segigu, futhi emahlombe ahlanganiswe isikhumba sendlovu noma i-tiger. Uhlale enesine lesithathu ebunzini lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nenyoka. Iphonswa phezu kwehlombe lakho, lilenga entanyeni yakho noma ngendlela yamasongo emaceleni nasemilenzeni yakho. Shiva unamacici amabili ahlukene. Endlebeni eyodwa yindoda, futhi ngowesifazane wesibini.

Okukhethwa kwesibili yi-Shiva yokudansa. I-Nritya-Murthy (statuette) ingaba nenani elihlukile lezandla, lihlomile noma libe nokuthula, kodwa njalo ngaphansi kwezinyawo zodade lokudansa kuyinkosikazi encane. Lona idemoni i-Apasmar-Purush, efanekisela izwe elikhohlisayo esiphila kuyo.

Izimfanelo

Njengabanye onkulunkulu abaningi bamaHindu, uShiva unezici eziningi. Ukuhambela leli zwe, uzobona izithombe ezihlukahlukene zamademoni. Ukuze siqonde kangcono isiko laseNdiya, kufanelekile ukuqonda okuncane ukufanekisa kwalo.

UShiva unezikhali eziningi - u-Ajagawa (umnsalo okhethekile), uBhindipala (dart), uGada (wand), Khadga (inkemba), uKhatwanga (club ene-skull), Khetka (isihlangu) nezinye eziningi.

Futhi isibonakaliso esibalulekile yi-trident yenkulunkulu uShiva - Trishula. Ifanekisela izigaba ezintathu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, isibhamu ezintathu, ubuso obuthathu besikhathi neminye imibono.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezinokwenkolo. I-Chillum ( ipayipi ekhethekile yokubhema), i- Shankha (igobolondo), i-Mudra (isikhundla sezandla), i-Kaumudi (i-jug ne-nectar yokungafi), i-Kaparu (indebe enesiganga), iDamaru (isigubhu esibonisa ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwendawo lapho konke kwenzeka khona) Akshamala (ubuhlalu obukhethekile).

Futhi uShiva unamandla amaningi: i-Agni (umlilo), iGanga (umfula wasezulwini, owawunqoba) noShakti (amandla). Nezinye izilwane: I-Naga (izinyoka), indlovu nezikhumba ze-tiger, iNandin (inkunzi emhlophe), uKrishnamriga (doe) no-Ankusha (indlovukazi).

Ngakho-ke, sibona ukuthi uShiva unezici zezinhlaka zolwazi, ezibizwa ukuba zikhulise umuntu emhlabeni wethu kuya phezulu.

Umndeni

Unkulunkulu waseNdiya uShiva ekuqaleni washada noSati, noma uShakti, indodakazi kaDadsha. Kodwa kukhona inganekwane ngokusho ukuthi intombazane yenza ukuziphilisa ngenxa yokuhlambalaza uyise.

Kodwa ngemva kokuba ibuyele kabusha emzimbeni omusha. Igama lakhe manje li-Parvati (grapnel) nobaba wakhe yizintaba ze-Himalaya. Nguye ovame ukukhonjiswa njengowesifazane kaShiva unkulunkulu.

Unamadodana amabili - uGanesha (unkulunkulu wezindlovu zokuhlakanipha) no-Skanda (unkulunkulu wempi, onamakhanda ayisithupha nezingalo eziyishumi nambili nemilenze), nendodakazi kaManasi.

Amagama

Esimweni saseNtshonalanga, unkulunkulu waseNdiya uShiva uyaziwa kuphela ngaphansi kweli gama. Noma kunjalo, amaHindu ayazi ngaphezu kwamazwi ayizinkulungwane, okuyizinto ezithathwa nguNkulunkulu.

Phakathi kwazo kukhona "Okusabekayo" futhi "Okuhle", "Majestic" kanye "nama-Oborvanets", "iNkosi yeLingam", "Ukunqoba Ukufa", "Nkosi Yezilwane" nabanye abaningi.

Okubaluleke kunazo zonke futhi kudumile kunezingu-108 zazo. Bakhulunywa ngendlela yokuthandaza futhi bayabizwa ukuhlanza imicabango yomceli, futhi nokukhuthaza ukuphakanyiswa kwakhe.

Imisebenzi, amasiko, amaholidi

Unkulunkulu onkulunkulu abaningi uShiva ungunkulunkulu omkhulu eShaivism. Uhlonishwa njengobumbano obuthathu bokuziphendukela kwemvelo - ukuzala, ukukhula nokufa. Kukholelwa ukuthi uzobhubhisa izwe lamanje ekupheleni kweMahayuga, ukuze kube khona into emisha endaweni yayo.

Uvikela abaphulukisi, wanikeza abantu imantra ka-Om neSanskrit. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uShiva uhlale ehambisana neqembu lamadimoni nemimoya.

Imikhuba emibili eyinhloko ehlobene nalona unkulunkulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-Panchabrahma-mantra ne-Rudra-sukta. Zibanjwe eholidini eliphawuleka kakhulu lonyaka, elizinikezelwe eShiva. I-Mahashivaratri igubha ekupheleni kukaFebruwari futhi kusho ubusuku bomshado bukaShiva noParvati.

Ithempeli elidume kakhulu

Edolobheni laseBajjnath ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nantathu ithempeli leNkosi Shiva lakhiwa. Ubizwa ngegama lakhe elilodwa - uVaidyanath (umphathi wezinyanga).

Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona indlu engcwele, kodwa abathengisi bendawo banquma ukuqhubekisa amagama abo ngokumisa isakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Amagama wabathengisi yi-Ahuk noManjuk.

Namuhla le tempile yiyona ndawo eyinhloko yokuvakasha edolobheni. Yakhiwe emasikweni amahle kakhulu esikoleni saseN Nagar (eNyakatho yaseNyakatho yaseNdiya). Isakhiwo sizungezwe udonga futhi sineminyango emibili.

Ngokuvamile, unkulunkulu onamahloni amaningi uShiva ongaphakathi ethempelini uboniswa nje nge-lingam. Futhi kubhekwe ngokuthi svayambhu ("ukuziphendukela kwemvelo"). Ezindongeni zesakhiwo kukhona izinhlawulo ezincane zamademoni amaningi, amademoni nezinye izinhlamvu zezwe lamaHindu.

Ngaphambi komnyango kukhona isithombe sikaNandi, inkunzi emhlophe. Lesi silwane singenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhamba kweShiva. Lifanekisela i-dharma ehlanzekile, kanye nobuqotho, ukuzinikela nesibindi.

Namuhla, ithempeli laseVaidyanath liheha izigidi eziningi zabahambi nabahambi.

Isibonakaliso sikaNkulunkulu

Sesivele sisho igama elithi "lingam" kaningi. Kuye yena uShiva ohlotshaniswa naye. Ngokuvamile uNkulunkulu uvele echazwe umqondo lo. Kuyini?

Lingam ngesi-Sanskrit lisho "isibonakaliso, ilebula". Yisithombe esiyisigxobo esinama-cylindrical aphezulu, esingavamile kakhulu esiqongweni se-hemispherical. Abacwaningi abaningi bavame ukubona kuwo uphawu lwe-phallus eqinisiwe. AmaHindu asendulo ayecabanga ukuthi lingam isithombe esingaqondakali sobuNkulunkulu.

Ngokuvamile, akabonakali ngokwakhe, kodwa ngebhangqa elinombuthano noma isikwele, okusho ukuthi "yoni" (isisu, isibeletho). Namuhla, kuvamile ukucabangela lezi zinto ezimbili njengokwakudala kunabo bonke ubumbano bokuqala kwababesilisa nabesifazane. KubuHindu kuphela, isilisa sasingunaphakade futhi sinobuqili, futhi owesifazane wesikhashana, ushintsho futhi impahla.

Ezinye izazi zibona ku-lingam umdwebo we-stambha, insika ekhethekile yomhlatshelo. Kuboshwe izinkomo, ezazilungiselela ukuhlatshwa.

Kukhona umkhuba okhethekile ohlanganisa ukugeza i-lingam, ukufunda ama-mantra nokunikela ngezithelo zomhlatshelo, izimbali, impepho nezinye izinto ezivunyelwe.

Umshado weShiva neParvati

Kukhona inganekwane lapho umkakhe wokuqala uShiva Shakti efa khona. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokulahlwa kukayise.

I-legend ithi okulandelayo. Ngesikhathi esisodwa umbhangqwana ovela kuNkulunkulu uphindela kusuka ku-ashram eyodwa. UShiva ehlathini wakhothamela esixukwini. Umkakhe wamangala ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Khona-ke uNkulunkulu wachaza ukuthi lokhu kungukuzalwa kukaVishnu. U-Shakti, ukuze aqinisekise lokhu, uthatha uhlobo lukaSita, umfazi walesi sikhulu, futhi uya kuye. URama uyamqaphela njengonkulunkulukazi.

Lapho ebona isithombe esisha sikaShakti, uShiva akayeke ukumbona njengomkakhe, njengoba ekhumbuza ngonina. Le ntombazane idabukile futhi ingavumelani.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uBaba Shakti uqala umkhosi, kodwa akabizi abantu abasha ngenxa yokungavumelani ne-Shiva. Intombazane inquma ukuhamba lapho. Kodwa uDadsa uphendukela kuye. Ngosizi uShakti ugijimela emlilweni wafa.

Ulaka uShiva uthatha umzimba wakhe futhi uqala ukwenza umdanso wakhe wokubhujiswa. Uma uVishnu engammisi, wayezobhubhisa indawo yonke.

Ngemuva kokulila, uNkulunkulu uhlala e-Himalaya, futhi uShakti uzalwa kabusha emfanekisweni kaParati, indodakazi kankulunkulu wezintaba. Ekugcineni, intombazane iyakwazi ukuphoqa uShiva, futhi bayashada.

NgamaHindu leli holide ibizwa ngokuthi i-Mahashivaratri futhi igujwa minyaka yonke.

UNkulunkulu onkulunkulu

Njengoba usuvele ubonile, umuntu esikhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko unamagama amaningi. Phakathi kwabo unkulunkulu onkulunkulu, Mahadev, Shiva. Amabili okuqala ngoDisemba 2011 akhethwe njengesihloko sochungechunge lwethelevishini. Uchungechunge lwakhe lufakwe eNdiya kuze kube yilolu suku.

Isiqephu seziqephu sisekelwe emlandweni, izinkondlo kanye namavesi avela ku-Upanishads. Izenzakalo eziyinhloko zithathwe ePutanas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ebhala lesi script, kwasetshenziswa ama-Devdatt Pattanaik, isazi sezintatheli esaziwayo saseNdiya nesazi sezenkolo.

Uchungechunge luhunyushwe eziningana zezilimi eziseningizimu zaseNdiya. Namuhla, iziqephu ezingaphezu kwekhulu namashumi amahlanu zifakiwe. Abazalwane baseBavra babhala umculo kubo.

"Devon ke Dev ... Mahadev" nayo yaziwa eRussia. Abathandi be-Indian culture bangakujabulela lolu chungechunge ngemibhalo engezansi.

Ngakho-ke, namhlanje siye sahlangana nenye yamadala amadala emlandweni. Bafunde izimfanelo, amagama kanye neminye imininingwana ethakazelisayo mayelana neShiva.

Inhlanhla, bangani! Hamba kaningi kaningi!