I-Mosjani e-Kazan

Yunusovskaya, "I-First Cathedral", umkhokomu waseMardzhani uyisikhumbuzo semasiko nomlando wabantu baseTatar, wonke umuntu owaziwayo emzini. Izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu zesakhiwo esimangalisayo zingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka ubudala.

UMoszhani Mosque (Kazan): umlando wendalo

Kumelwe kuthiwa namuhla enhloko-dolobha yaseTatarstan kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaSulumane afanayo. Kodwa ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili yonke into yayihlukile.

Umkhosi wamaMarjani wakhiwa eKazan, isithombe esingabonakala kulesi sihloko, kusukela ngo-1767 kuya ku-1770. Kwaba yindlela yokubekezelelana kwezenkolo kulo lonke elaseRussia. Abamele abathengisi baseTatar nabathengi abacebile bakhononda "kumvikeli womama" ngenkathi evakashele eKazzan ukushushiswa kweziphathimandla zendawo, abangabavumeli ukuba baqaphele amasiko abo aseSulumane.

Njengoba engumsekeli oqinile wokubekezela, uCatherine the Great ngokushesha wayala i-AN Kvashnin-Samarin, umbusi womuzi, ukuba angaphazamisi ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiziphi izakhiwo zenkolo. Ekhuthazwa yizakhamizi zaseKazan zaqala ukuqoqa imali yokwakha. Bakwazi ukuqoqa inani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Kwakukhona ngale mali imali eyakhiwe ngayo iMosque yamatshe. UCatherine the Great ngokwakhe wabhala imvume futhi, ngokusho kwelokholo, wamkhombisa indawo.

Umsuka wegama

Kwakuneziningana zazo kule ndawo yamaSulumane yonke umlando wokuba khona kwayo. Ekuqaleni, yayibizwa ngokuthi "I-First Cathedral". Kwabe sekubizwa ngokuthi "Efendi" (iNkosi), bese ku-Yunusovskaya - ngesibongo sabadayisi, ababa ngabaphathi bakhe. Igama lokugcina - i-mosque al-Mardjani - linikezwe lona ngokuhlonipha u-Imam Shigabutdin Mardjani, owakhonza kulo ingxenye yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi wenza okuningi ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yenkolo eKazzan.

Incazelo

I-Marjani Cathedral Mosque yakhiwe ngamakhosi aseTatar. Le phrojekthi yadalwa yi-"lieutenant of architecture" V. Kaftyrev. Uyaziwa ngokuthi umbhali wokulungiswa kwezingxenye ezisenhla ezisezindaweni ezingenhla zedolobha laseKazzan, azakhela ngokulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kukaPugachev. Namuhla imikhosi yaseMardjani enezinhlobonhlobo zayo zesiBulgarian-Tatar nemidwebo yamatshe eqoshiwe ibhekwa njengomhlobiso weqiniso wenhloko-dolobha yaseTatarstan.

I-minaret, etholakala ophahleni oluthile oluhlaza okwesine, luyinto evamile yokwakhiwa kwendawo. Eduze emasikeni yindlu yososayensi, isazi-mlando, ishintsho sezenkolo kanye nomlobi wezincwadi uShigabutdin Mardzhani. Kukhona futhi i-madrassah lapho efundisa khona abafundi bakhe ukholo, okwakunehlangothini oluhambisana nokuqonda kwezesayensi nokuqondakalayo kwe-oda lomhlaba.

I-Mosque Mosque iyisakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili ene-T ene-T enhlobonhlobo yayo enyakatho, eningizimu yayo ngakwesokudla kunomnyango. Ngokusebenza kahle, isakhiwo sihlukaniswe sibe yisitezi sokuqala sezomnotho nesesibili, lapho amahholo okuthandaza atholakala khona. Izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwe-mosque zimboza izindlu. Emahholo esitezi sesibili esilingeni, u-stucco omangalisayo uhlotshiswe ngomhlobiso owenziwe, ukuhlanganisa ama-motifs we-decorative yemifino ye-baroque ne-Tatar esebenzisa ubuciko.

Umhlobiso wangaphakathi

Izindonga eziphathekayo zidwetshwe ngemibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye negolide. Isiteji esikhanyayo, esivela ngaphakathi kwe-minaret, ngezinga elingenhla livuleka ebhaleni. Yenziwa ngesimo semicircle futhi inikezwa muezzin. Engxenyeni efanele yamadonga, ehlukanisa amahholo phakathi kwabo, kukhona umnyango oholela emayini. Abathengi abathathu abangenalo ukuhlobisa. Kodwa amafasitela aphakeme efasitela lesibili ahlanganiswe ngamagqabha ase-Baroque, futhi amacembe nama-pier abhalwe ngamapilisi angashadile namabili. Ezingxenyeni zabo ze-ionic zilahla izici ezenziwe ngezandla ezivela e-Tatar zokuhlobisa nokusetshenziswa kobuciko.

Ikheli

Umklamo weMardjani ungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zendawo yokuhlala yase-Old-Tatar. Kuvulekele izivakashi, noma kunjalo, ngokugcinwa kwemithetho ezinkolweni zenkolo yamaSulumane. Njengoba kunoma yikuphi umkhosi, izicathulo kufanele zishiywe emnyango. Abesifazane kumele babe yiziketi kanye nama-kerchiefs. Lena yindlela kuphela yokungena eMoskhani Mosque (Kazan). Ikheli le-shrine lama-Muslim yiKayum Nasyri Street, isakhiwo 17.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha

Omunye wabaqalile ukwakhiwa kanye ne-mullah yokuqala ye-mosque Yunusov kwakungu-Abubakir Ibragimov, ongumuntu ohloniphekile kakhulu wenkolo ngesikhathi sakhe. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1793, u-Imam Khatib waba yesazi esidumile-isazi semfundiso yenkolo u-Ibrahim Khuzyash. Uma kunesidingo, ukwakhiwa kweMosque kwakulungiswa futhi kwaqedwa. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenani labantu ngabanye.

Ekuqaleni uphahla lwamaSulumane laligcwele ama-shingles, kodwa kakade ngo-1795 lwakhiwa futhi lambozwa ngamabhodi aqoshiwe imizamo yabasebenzi ababili. Futhi emva komlilo, okwenzeka ngo-1797, umkhosi wama-mosque kwakufanele uvaliwe futhi. Ngaphezulu kwephahla wasebenza indodana kaGuididulla Muhammadrahim nendodana yakhe u-Ibrahim. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhodi anqotshiwe ashintshwe ngamashidi we-tin. U-Ibrahim naye wagijima ensimini enezingcingo zamatshe.

Ngo-1863 umkhosi wamaSulumane wandezwa ngenxa yokwandiswa, okwakwenziwe iwindi. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili kamuva, i-minaret yayinamandla.

Isixazululo soMkhandlu WezeNgqongqoshe we-RSFSR ngo-1960, umkhosi wamaSulumane wawubhekwa njengesikhumbuzo sezakhiwo sokubaluleka kwezwe. Kusukela ngo-2001 isakhiwo savuselelwa kabusha. Imisebenzi yaqedwa ngokugubha iMillennium yenhloko-dolobha yaseTatarstan. Ama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa anikezwe ukuvuselelwa kwalesi sikhungo samasonto esonto.

Namuhla

Le ndawo engcwele yamaSulumane izokuvakashelwa yizivakashi eziningi eziza enhloko-dolobha yaseTatarstan. Izithunywa zikahulumeni nazo ziyithwala lapha. Kungashiwo ukuthi imikhosi yaseMardjani (Kazan) yikhadi elivakashela i-republic. Isithombe se-nickah (umshado wamaSulumane) ngaphakathi kwezindonga zayo singabonakala ngezansi.

Kusukela ngo-1995 kuze kube manje, leli bandla liholwa ngu-Imam Mansour-Hazrat. Ngemithandazo kaLwesihlanu, cishe amakholwa angamakhulu ayisithupha abuthana ngaphansi kweziqongo zomkhosi. Ngesikhathi samaHaiti kukhona cishe akukho ndawo e-mosque. Labo abaza ukungena ngaphakathi, bafunde i-holiday namaz ngaphandle, endaweni eseduze.

Namuhla umbuso wadala izimo ezinhle kakhulu kubantu bazo zonke izinkolo. Ngemizamo ka-Imam Mansur-Hazrat eduze nesikhungo semikhosi yaseMardzhani, isikhungo semasiko esihle kakhulu sakhiwe. Uhlanganisa izakhiwo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa: indawo yokukhosela izingane eziyizintandane nomuzi okhulelwe, umtapo ocebile wamaSulumane, imyuziyamu yomuzi, isikhungo sezokwelapha, isitolo seHalal Rizyk, esithengisa ukudla kwamaSulumane, ama-workshops lapho kwenziwa khona imikhiqizo yabantu, indlu yezivakashi Njll. Umkhosi wamaMardjani namuhla ugcine amasiko: njengasendulo, kubhekwa njengesikhungo samaSulumane esifundeni sonke seVolga.

Ukubuyekeza

Lapha awukwazi ukubona amakholwa kuphela, kodwa futhi abavakashi. Izinkambo eziningi zokuvakasha zihlanganisa ukuvakashela isikhungo esinjalo senkolo njengoMosk Mosque (Kazan). Ubufakazi balabo ababona lesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo kubonisa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunenkolo, izindawo ezingcwele zithandwa kakhulu kubo bonke. Izivakashi zithi esimweni sezulu esishisayo ilanga le-mosque elikude libukeka njengeqhwa leqhwa lezintaba. Futhi ebusuku isakhiwo sikhanyiswa kahle.