Uthikazikazi Wokuhlakanipha. UNkulunkulukazi wamaGreki wokuhlakanipha

Abantu baseGrisi lasendulo bakholelwa ukuthi umhlaba wonke kanye nokuphila kwabantu kubuswa onkulunkulu. Babibizwa nge-Olympic, ngoba indawo ababehlala kuyo yayibhekwa njengeNtaba i-Olympus. Kwakukhona onkulunkulu abaningi, futhi ukuphila kwabo amaGreki ayebukeka njengobuntu bawo bezwe. Babekholelwa ukuthi ama-Olympians ahlala nomndeni owodwa omkhulu, indima yekhanda elinikezwe inkosi yawonkulunkulu - uZeus.

Ubani owayengamaGreki ase-Athena Pallas asendulo?

Indodakazi kaZeus - Pallas yathola inhlonipho enkulu nothando kubantu basendulo. I-Athena emlandweni wesiGreki ungunkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha kanye nempi nje kuphela, ukuhlonipha ulwazi, ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Wayebhekwa njengomsunguli weqhinga lempi kanye namaqhinga asebenzayo, impumelelo yakhe yayibangelwa ukunqoba okuningi kulezi zimpi. Wayengumlungu womndeni wama-Olympians amakhulu ayishumi nambili. Wayengunkulunkulukazi ohlonishwayo eGrisi lasendulo, waphikisana nokubaluleka nokuthandwa noyise wakhe - uZeus. Wayebhekwa kuye njengalingana nokuhlakanipha namandla. Behluke kwezinye izithiyo ngendlela emele. Waziqhenya ngokuthi uyakwazi ukuhlala engumfana. Unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha phakathi kwamaGreki wabonakala eMinerva yaseRoma.

I-Virgin-warrior yaba umphathi wemadolobha futhi ithi izakhamuzi zasekuqaleni. Ihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nemisebenzi yezandla. I-Athena - ukufaniswa komqondo, ubuhlakani, ubuchwepheshe kanye nekhono. Ukuhluka okudala kwesiGreki sokubhala igama unkulunkulukazi - Ἀθηνᾶ, okungajwayelekile - i-Athenaya. Igama lomuntu wenganekwane yidolobha elikhulu lase-Athene.

Ukuvela kukadadekazi wokuhlakanipha emfanekisweni wabantu abadala

AmaGreki anika i-Athena ukubukeka okungavamile nokumangalisayo, ukuze ihlukaniswe kalula namanye onkulunkulukazi bama-Olimpiki. Indodakazi kaZeus igcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zesigamu esiphezulu sabantu. Unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha wayevezwa njengowesifazane omude, omuhle, egqoke izikhali zempi. Ikhanda lakhe lihlotshiswe futhi livikelwe isithandwa sokuzivivinya esilungele ukuzivikela. Ezandleni zika-Athena - umkhonto nesihlangu, ombozwe isikhumba senyoka ngehlobiso ngendlela yekhanda likaMedusa weGorgon. Unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki wokuhamba ngokuhlakanipha ohambisane nezilwane ezingcwele. Ngokuvamile wayevezwe ngeNika enamaphiko. Izimpawu zokuhlakanipha kwakhe kwakungu-owl kanye nenyoka.

AmaGreki asendulo awakuchaza kanje: i-gray-enezinwele nezinwele ezikhanyayo. U-Homer ubeka ubuso bakhe obubizwa ngokuthi "sovokoikimi", eqokomisa ubuhle bamehlo amakhulu. Emithonjeni kaGerilil kukhona isiqephu esiphawulekayo, lapho ama-Cyclops egumbini likaVulcan ephanga khona izikhali zezempi zasePallas nezigqoko zempi, ezihlanganisa izikali zenyoka.

Ukuzalwa

Okuvamile kwezinganekwane zamaGrisi kwakuyindaba engavamile yokubonakala kukaNkulunkulukazi ekukhanyeni. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinguqulo, okujwayelekile kakhulu okushiwo ku-Theogony kaHesiod.

Yena kanye inkosi yawonkulunkulu udinga u-Athena ekuzalweni kwakhe. UMninimandla onke uZeyus the Thunderer wazi ukuthi esibelethweni sikaMetis, umkakhe wokuqala, ungumntwana wengqondo ehlakaniphile namandla amakhulu. Ingane yayibikezelwe ukudlula ukuhlakanipha komzali wayo. Lo mbiko watshelwa uZeus Moira - unkulunkulukazi wekusasa. Umthungululi wesaba ukuthi, lapho ezalwe, ingane ingamqothula esihlalweni sobukhosi sama-Olympic. Ukuze agweme isiphetho esiyingozi, wabeka owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba alale futhi aligwinye. Ngokushesha uZeus wanqoba ikhanda elingenakubekezeleka. Ebiza indodana yakhe uHephaestus, wanikeza umyalo wokusika ikhanda lakhe ngembazo, enethemba lokususa ubuhlungu nobuhlungu obuzwakalayo ekhanda lakhe. UHephaestus wayengeke amlalele uyise. Uhlukanisa i-skull endaweni eyodwa. Futhi wabonakala ezweni lawonkulunkulu kusukela enhloko yombusi ophakeme wama-Olympians, umlindi omuhle - u-Athena, unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha. Wethumela ama-Olympians abamangaza ngezimpi ezigcwele ezempi: esitokisini esikhanyayo, ngomkhonto nesihlangu. Amehlo akhe aluhlaza okwakubonisa ukuhlakanipha nobulungisa, ubuso bonke bentombi bugcwele ubuhle obuhle bukaNkulunkulu. Ukwamukelwa nokukhazimuliswa yi-Olympians kwakungumntwana othandekayo kaZeus - uPallas ongenakunqotshwa. Futhi wagwinya umama - uMetida, enikezwa ukungafi, futhi wahlala phakade ukuze aphile emzimbeni womyeni wakhe, wamnika iseluleko esihle futhi wasiza ukubusa umhlaba.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe uHomer akazange anakekele inkolelo yokuzalwa kuka-Athena. Abalobi bezizukulwane ezalandela bafakazela umlando ngemininingwane yokuqala futhi bawufaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kukaPindar, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kweqhawe eRhodes, imvula yaqala ukuwa phansi kwamaconsi egolide.

Wazalwa nini futhi nini unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha? Izinguqulo ezihlukile

Kukhona nezinye izinganekwane mayelana nokubukeka kwakhe emhlabeni. Umlobi wasendulo wesiGreki Aristocles uchaza ukuzalwa kuka-Athena kusuka efwini ngenxa yomsindo oshaywe yi-thundererer. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka kwenzeka eKrete. Le ngqungquthela ibonisa umbono wasendulo wokuthi ukukhanya nokuduma kuvela kanjani ekudumazeni okukhulu. Kunezinye izinguqulo eziningi ezinamagama ahlukene abazali.

Abalobi bezembali zakudala nabaningi-mlando abanokungavumelani mayelana nombuzo wendawo lapho intombi yaba khona. Ezindaba ze-Aeschylus, indawo yakhe yokuzalwa yiLibiya, indawo echibini laseTritonidae. UHerodotus uloba izinkolelo zamaLibya ukuthi u-Athena uyinzalo kaPoseidon. Kuzindaba zika-Apollonius waseRhodes, unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha wazalwa eduze kwechibi laseTriton.

UPausanias utshela inzalo yendaba lapho kuzalwa khona uPallas, lapho i-altare likaZeus lalikhona e-Alifer (Arcadia).

Futhi, i-Athene yayibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yedolobha lase-Alaalcenia, lapho, ngokusho kwabantu bendawo, kwakhuliswa abantu.

Usuku lokuzalwa kukaNkulunkulu ezinsukwini zasePanathinae lwalubhekwa njengosuku lwe-hecatobeon yama-28, ehambisana nosuku lwe-Agasti 18. Futhi ngalolu suku umsebenzi wezinkantolo wamiswa. Ku "IziKronike Zase-Eusebius," unyaka wokuzalwa kwentombazana ubizwa ngokuthi ngu-237th kusukela ku-Abrahama, ngokwekhalenda lethu - 1780 BC.

Athena in mythology: ukuthunjwa Troy

Esinye seziqephu ezivame kakhulu zezinkolelo zamaGreki kwakuyimpi yamaGreki asendulo ne-Trojan king yaseParis, eyaphela ngokuthunjwa kukaTroy nokunqoba kuka-Odysseus odumile. AmaGreki asendulo athi ku-Athena umqondo wonke wokwakha ihhashi leThrojani. Uthikazikazi Wokuhlakanipha ukhuthaza amaGreki. U-Euripides waphawula ukuthi ukubhujiswa kuka-Ilium kungumphumela wokufutheka nolaka lukaPallas.

Yini eyabangela i-Athena ukuba ibhubhise iTroy? Akucaci ngokuphelele, kodwa ama-Achaeans akha ihhashi ngokuvumelana nesimo salo futhi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso saso. Esikhathini sokuchazwa kukaQuint Smirnsky, umzuzwana uchazwe ngokuningiliziwe, njengoPallas, ephusheni kuma-Achaeans, abaqeqesha emisebenzini yezandla. Ngenxa yolwazi olutholakala kunkulunkulukazi, ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngezinsuku ezintathu. Ngokusobala, abaholi be-Achaean babhenela ku-Athena ngesicelo sokubusisa indalo yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPallas, owafakwe kulesi sithunywa, weluleka u-Odysseus ukuba afake amahhashi ase-Achaean amahhashi. Kamuva, waletha ukudla konkulunkulu babuthana empini kumaqhawe, bakwazi ukukhulula umuzwa wendlala.

Ngaphansi kokulondeka kwakhe, amaGreki athatha iTroy futhi athola ingcebo eminingi. Ngobusuku lwencithakalo yedolobha uPallada uhlezi e-acropolis ngokukhazimula okukhulu kwezinhlamvu zayo futhi ucele amaGreki ukuba anqobe.

I-Athena nguyena owasungula futhi ohloniphekile

Unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha kumaGreki asendulo ngumsunguli wombuso, umsunguli wezimpi, umbhali nomsunguli wenkantolo ephakeme yase-Athene - i-Areopagus. Esigumbini sezinto zakhe zokwakha, inqola nomkhumbi, umcibisholo necilongo, izitsha ze-ceramic, i-rake, umlimi, ijoka lezinkabi namabhulo amahhashi.

Amantombazane aseGrisi ngaphambi komshado athanda unkulunkulukazi inhlawulo yezinwele. Kunezinkomba ezithinta izintombikazi zobupristi zamathempeli ase-Athena. UPallas uhlonipha abesifazane emshadweni. Kweminye imithombo, uPallas kuthiwa ungumvikeli wabakhi bemikhumbi nabadobi. Ungumfundisi wezinsimbi zensimbi, oqeqeshe uDaedalus. U-Athena wanikeza abantu ulwazi mayelana nokususa nokupheka. Ezingqungqutheleni zamaGreki zasendulo, isihloko sosizo lukazinkulunkulukazi ekwenzeni izimangaliso ezimangalisayo zamaqhawe ahlukene kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Inkolo ye-Athena

Uthikazikazi we-Wisdom wayehlonishwa kuzo zonke izindawo zaseGrisi lasendulo. Wanikeza ama-acropolise amaningi, kuhlanganise nase-Athens, e-Argos, e-Sparta, e-Megara, eTroy naseTresene. UPaldada - indlovukazi phezu komuzi wesigodi kanye nabantu baseGrisi. E-Attica, wayengunkulunkulu wesifunda nomuzi wase-Athene.