Umsebenzi "Umthombo Bakhchisarai": isifinyezo

inkondlo Pushkin sithakazelisa omkhulu nje kuphela ubuciko, kodwa futhi kusukela umbono wokutadisha ukuvela okuthandwa yakhe yobuciko. Ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi ngakho-ke othanda kakhulu emisebenzini Byron, futhi wabhala imisebenzi eminingana belingisa eyiNgisi abadumile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" - umsebenzi anikezelwe njengoba kamuva wavuma imbongi yena, leso sithandwa sakhe, egama layo linguJehova kube yilolu suku usalokhu uyimfihlakalo wokuphila kwakhe.

Umlando sokudalwa

Abanye abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi Pushkin wezwa nganekwane romantic we YaseCrimea Khan emuva Petersburg. Nokho, cishe, wafunda ke ngesikhathi ehambele Bakhchisarai nge Jikelele Rajewski umndeni ekwindla ekuqaleni konyaka 1820. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho esigodlweni noma emthonjeni hhayi okwamhlaba umxhwele, ngoba wayengumuntu e labhidlika kakhulu.

Umsebenzi ngenkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" (okuqukethwe eboniswe ngezansi) wethulwa entwasahlobo ka 1821, kodwa ngobuningi imbongi wabhala ngesikhathi 1822. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaziwa ukuthi entry yadalwa ngo-1823, futhi kokuqeda nesokulungiselela ukuphrinta wenza Vyazemsky.

Owaba sibonelo abalingiswa kule nkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai"?

Omunye protagonists lomsebenzi Khan Giray, kunalokho Qırım Giray, inkosi eCrimea, owabusa kusukela ngo 1758 kuya eminyakeni 1764th. Kwaba naye esigodlweni Bakhchisarai lwabonakala 'uMthombo Nezinyembezi "kanye nezinye izikhungo eziningi. Phakathi kwabo wema Mausoleum, okuyinto ngokusho legend wangcwatshwa uthando zokugcina Khan - Dilara-Bikech wabulala ngu poisoner izandla. By endleleni, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inkumbulo lentombazane Yakhiwa ngengoma zemabula lesikhumbuzo, exudes ngisho neconsi lamanzi. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuthi Heroine wangempela, okuyinto enikelwe le nkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai", sifinyeto onikelwa ngezansi, kwakungelona intombazane wasePoland okuthiwa uMaria. Bavelaphi kwale nganekwane mayelana inkosazane? Mhlawumbe wakhuphuka emndenini Sofi Kiselevoy, nee Potocka, ngawo imbongi yayingeve inobungane.

"Umthombo Bakhchisarai" Pushkin. Isifinyezo ingxenye yokuqala

Esigodlweni sakhe esidabukisayo Khan Giray ukhohlwe ukuphumula nokuzijabulisa. Akafuni abanesifiso futhi impi noma namaqhinga izitha. Uya ekamu zabesifazane, lapho umkakhe enhle behlupheka ukulangazelela ayiphulule wakhe, futhi ozwa ingoma salabo Bahlabelela kube inkazimulo a Georgian Zarema, ukushaya ubuhle bakhe isithembu. Nokho, yona kanye le Intandokazi umbusi ayisekho uyamamatheka njengoba Khan wayeka kwakhe kothando, futhi manje uyabusa enhliziyweni Mary akhe asemancane. Le ntombazane Polish usanda baba yabesifazana Bakhchisarai esigodlweni , hhayi bangakhohlwa endlini kayise, futhi isikhundla indodakazi akhuleka uyise ubudala futhi bakamakoti enviable Izicukuthwane eziningi highborn ababefuna esandleni sakhe.

Pho kwenzeka kanjani lokhu ube indodakazi yesikhulu Giray Khan incekukazi intombazane? Tatar izindimbane bathutheleka Poland futhi zonakalise endlini kayise, waba yimpango yabo, isipho esiyigugu ukuze inkosi yakhe. In ekuthunjweni, waba ekhaya futhi manje injabulo kuphela - umthandazo phambi kwesithombe the Virgin Ubusisiwe, ngubani imini nobusuku izibani isibani inextinguishable. Maria LODWA fike esigodlweni uKhan bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka egumbini-cell yakhe izimpawu ukholo lobuKristu, futhi ngisho isisindo akuyona ixazululwe ziphazamise ukuthula kwakhe futhi izikhathi zokuba sodwa.

Scene Maria Zarema umhlangano

Indaba Landelayo uphazamiseka futhi ukusebenza udluliselwa ingxenye esigodlweni, lapho emakamelweni uMariya.

beza ebusuku. Nokho, akozeli Zarema, okuyinto sneaks ekamelweni intombazane basePoland ubona isithombe of the Virgin Mary. Georgian yesibili uyakhumbula lakubo elikude, kodwa ke amehlo wakhe iwela Mary elele. Zarema uguqa phambi amaPolish Princess futhi unxusa yakhe ukubuyela inhliziyo yakhe Giray. Maria sengivuswa ucela umkakhe ayemthanda Khan, ukuthi wayedinga esasibaluleke engajabule ukuphupha kuphela ukuya ubaba wakhe wasezulwini. Zarema ke imtshela ukuthi akakholelwa khumbula ukuthi ngagcina Bakhchisarai Palace, kodwa ubugqila ayizange ngibe umthwalo wakhe, njengoba ebathandayo Giray. Nokho, ukubukeka Maria wabhubhisa injabulo yakhe, futhi uma engawuboni ukubuyela kwakhe ku inhliziyo Khan, akazange ayeke lutho. Esewuqedile inkulumo yakhe, a ubalekela Georgian, kusale Mary ilile isabelo sakhe esibabayo iphupho sokufa ukuthi kubonakala kungcono ukuba isiphetho nezancinza le Khan.

isiphetho

Sekuyisikhathi esithile. Mary waya ezulwini, kodwa ayikwazanga ukubuyela Zarema Giray. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi ngalobo busuku, lapho inkosazana kwesokunxele lelizwe elinesono, a Georgian waphonswa kolwandle. Khan yena owayezinikele nezinjabulo impi ethembeni ukukhohlwa mayelana intombazane enhle Polish, futhi engabonisi sithakazelo ke. Kodwa akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe, wabuyela Bakhchisarai, Giray ngaphambilini sokwakha ikhumbule Princess umthombo ukuthi Virgin Tauris, ukwazi lokhu indaba edabukisayo, ngokuthi "UMthombo Nezinyembezi".

"Umthombo Bakhchisarai": ukuhlaziya izithombe namaqhawe

Njengoba sekushiwo, ongomunye wabalingiswa lemcoka nkondlo Khan Giray. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli uhlushwa umlando. Phela, uhlamvu ukuphazamisa wakhe "namaqhinga Genoa", ie. E., Waphila kungakadluli 1475, unyaka, futhi umthombo abadumile yakhiwa kuleli 1760s. Nokho, abahlaziyi bemibhalo cabangela lokhu igebe phakathi ezingokoqobo emlandweni romanticism kungokwemvelo futhi okuhambisana nazo.

Kanye kwezinye izinkondlo Byron, i- "uhlamvu asempumalanga" has zayo omelene-European. Nokho, kuyinto Pushkin yena Giray, ngubani wathandana umKristu Mary basuka izimiso zalo empumalanga nemikhuba. Ngakho, akuseyona ugqozi ngokwanele Zarema, owaba Mohammedan isithembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlonipha imizwa inkosazana Polish, kuhlanganise nabathandekayo zenkolo.

Ngokuqondene izithombe zesifazane, ubuhle empumalanga Zarema, okuyiwona yinto esemqoka ekuphileni - uthando izinkanuko, Pushkin liqhathanisa limi ngomumo Princess uMariya. Of izinhlamvu ezintathu ukuthi ivezwa enkondlweni "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" (isifinyezo ukunika kuphela umqondo eyethile original), i-Zarema ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. umfanekiso wakhe kubhalansisa "Eastern" Giray Khan "entshonalanga" intombazane yasePoland, ngubani amaphupho kuphela embusweni wezulu. Ukulandela isiko Byron enkondlweni ku "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" Pushkin (isifinyezo yalo msebenzi bheka isithombe esingenhla) eshiya ubungazishongo eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, umfundi unolwazi ukuthi Maria wafa, kodwa kanjani futhi kungani kungaba kuphela ukuyichaza ngesikhathi.

Esinye, kodwa iqhawe ezingaphili nkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" kuyisipho lesikhumbuzo zemabula esakhiwe Giray. Kubonakala sengathi kunezimpawu ihlangana zibe izinyembezi eyodwa elachithwa Mary phambi isithonjana Lady, namanzi ekujuleni kwethu, zabulala Zarema bangajabuli. Ngakho, le nkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" (ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo namanje iyindaba mpikiswano kuba etemibhalo) kwaba yesibili inkondlo Byronic ngu Pushkin lomthelo lakhe romanticism.

ukushicilelwa umlando

Inkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai", sifinyeto ngalo sebekujwayele, yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-March 10, 1824 Petersburg. Futhi nombhali esanduleleni zayo zaba Vyazemsky, ngubani walibhala Kwakuba yingxoxo phakathi "zakudala" futhi "umshicileli". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva umbhalo inkondlo yakhe "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" (isifinyezo umsebenzi kakade) Pushkin Vyazemsky ngaphambilini ukuphrinta indaba ngohambo yomlobi Tauris I. M. Muraveva-Apostol. Kukhona uyise ka Decembrists ezintathu abadumile, uchaze lokhu kuvakasha kwakhe kuya Isigodlo Khan Giray futhi zokuphola ezishiwoyo ngale legend ngokuphathelene uthando lwakhe Marii Pototskoy.

I-ballet "Umthombo Bakhchisarai"

Ngo-1934, unyaka umqambi wezingoma odumile Soviet B. Astafieva umbono ukubhala umculo ngoba horeodramy AS Pushkin. Iqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside le nkondlo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai", sifinyeto okuyinto uvezwa ngenhla, amehlo njengoba evundile okungamila kuyo Ukudalwa ukusebenza zomculo ezikhexisayo. Ngokushesha, ngekubambisana ne librettist N. volkov, umqondisi S. Radlov futhi Umhleli womdanso R. Zakharov B. Astafev ballet yadalwa, okuyinto vele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80 akabashiyi saleli eziningi yaseshashalazini Russian futhi izwe.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho "Bakhchisarai Fountain" - inkondlo by Pushkin, wadala belingisa Byron isixhumanisi eningizimu.