Umlando Tang BakwaHan, nokubusa kwesikhathi, isiko

IsiShayina Tang Dynasty yasungulwa by Li Yuan. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusuka ngoJuni 18 618 Juni 4907, le Tang Dynasty inkathi yesikhathi kubhekwa amandla eliphezulu kakhulu isimo. Ngalesi sikhathi kuba kakhulu ngaphambi sokugcwaliseka kwaso nezinye isihambile ezweni lakhe.

Umlando we Tang Dynasty

Li Yuan kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso Umninindawo ezinkulu. Wayengumuntu ongowokudabuka enyakatho komngcele endaweni, okuyinto ekhaya isizwe Tabgach. Titukulwane taka asemaqeleni-LaseToba. Li Yuan nendodana yakhe Li Shimin (ngumbusi woMbuso Tang Dynasty wesibili) babe onqobayo empini yombango. It yayiqhuma ngenxa budedengu Yang di nezinqubomgomo. Ngemva kokufa kombusi, Li Yuan yenyuka 618 esihlalweni sobukhosi Chang'an. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wadingiswa amaFulentshi ngo-indodana yakhe. Nokho, Tang BakwaHan, eyasungulwa kuye, khona babeba ngu-907, eminyakeni 690-705. Nokho, kwaba sekhefu elifushane. Phakathi nale nkathi, esihlalweni sobukhosi matasa Chinese Empress Zetian le Tang Dynasty. Nokho, okuqinisekile yayo zabelwe igatsha ehlukile Zhou wasebukhosini.

Imibono yamaKhomanisi

Tang Dynasty olunikezwa inhlanganisela ezimisweni ezimbili. Umsunguli wawo, kwaba kuhle kangcono izizwe asemaqeleni Omkhulu, amasiko abo. Abantu abaningi eduze Li Yuan, babe ezinjalo. Ngo kusaqalwa lwamakhosi wathatha ukushintshana asebenzayo kwamasiko phakathi izifunda. Asemaqeleni wanika ibutho eziphambili abagibele amahhashi esindayo. Nomads futhi bakhangwa isiko we Tang Dynasty lasendulo futhi inobuntu obuhle. Kubo, Li Yuan zazilingana ubuzwe babo Khan Tabgach. Le nkolelo ibuye, ikakhulukazi, iqinile ku Epitaph ka Kul-Tegin (tyurkyutskomu umbusi), othi yena izikhonzi zakhe njengezigqila, akhonze Tabgach Kagan, hhayi abantu Chinese.

A ukuhamba avela esikweni

Umqondo kokuhlanganisa asemaqeleni kanye China sekubusa omunye umbusi amakhulu eminyaka kuchazwe inqubomgomo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle yezwe. Nokho, kamuva tabagchskaya legatsha waqala ukuba waqonda njengoba into alien. Lokhu kwakungenxa ngenxa predominance ezinkulu zezinombolo Chinese yobuhlanga. Inqubo kahulumeni ephathelene maqondana "namaqaba" kochevnikam- ayebhekwa njengengxenye kungamukeleki. Njengoba Gumilev wabhala, kuba nesifiso uhambisane ukuhlanganisa incongruous kwaholela ekubeni zezimbali okusheshayo, bese ukuwa okusheshayo isimo.

Umnotho nempucuko

Ngo isimo ukuhleleka nokuthula wabusa. Kungenzeka ukuba agxilise wonke amabutho sabantu ngenxa yinzuzo yelizwe. EChina, umkhakha wezolimo echumayo ziye evuthiwe ezohwebo kanye izikebhe. ubuchwepheshe beluka wathuthuka entsha, ngcono ukudaya, zobumba, shipbuilding, yokusansimbi. Labetibambile kulo lonke izwe ezweni kanye nemifula. Tang Dynasty isungule ubudlelwane obuseduze Japan, India, iPheresiya, i-Arabhiya, Korea nakwamanye amazwe. Saqala ukuthuthukisa amasu kanye nesayensi. Ngezinye 725, inkosi Liang Lingzan Nesono Futhi okokuqala wadala iwashi eliwayindwayo, ifakwe i indlela ihange. It waqala ukusakaza neziqhumane izikhali. Okokuqala, kungenxa kudivayisi iziqhumane "flying umlilo" imicibisholo evuthayo ngoxhaxha. Ngemva kwalokho steel wenza inganono yangempela aguqulelwe kokudubula projectiles. It usabalala itiye China. Ukuwaphuza akha ubuhlobo obukhethekile. Izwe basungula ubuciko itiye. Ngaphambili, itiye kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso imithi nokudla. I Tang Dynasty wamphuzisa anencazelo ekhethekile. Nezincwadi zakudala abangu immortalized amagama amakhosi enkulu yalowo mkhosi itiye - Lu Yu futhi Lu Tung.

ukwehla

Ekhulwini lesi-8 kwaba neziyaluyalu eziningana kwenzeke, futhi ukuhlulwa ezempi. Tang Dynasty waqala ukuba singantengantengi. Ngu neminyaka engu-40 th. Khorasan Arabhu ezingxenyeni Sogdiana futhi Ferghana Valley. Ngo 751 yasisedlula Talas impi. Phakathi amabutho akhe mercenary amasosha China Ushiye empini. Umkhuzi Syanchzhi Gao waphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Ngokushesha nangemva kwako waqala An Lushan. Eminyakeni 756-761. Silahle konke wadala Tang Dynasty eminyakeni. Kuvele Lushan kwakhiwa isimo zabo Yan. It likhona iminyaka 763 kuya 756. futhi sahlala inhlokodolobha Luoyang futhi Chang'an, lasakazekela endaweni enkulu. I Yan uMbusi kwadingeka ezine. nokucindezela kwavukelwa senzeka kunzima ngokwanele, naphezu kokuthola ukusekelwa Uighurs. I Tang Dynasty ukuthi sithambe kangangokuba kamuva ayikwazanga ukufinyelela ubukhulu wangaphambili. Walahlekelwa ukulawula indawo ye-Asia Ephakathi. Kule ndawo, ithonya lwamakhosi isidlulile kuze ubunye kwala mazwe womabili ngu amaMongol.

nababusi bezifundazwe

Tang uhulumeni wancika kubo futhi amabutho abo ukucindezela ahlomile nezindaba ukumelana emkhakheni. Amandla, esikhundleni salokho, waqaphela ilungelo ukugcina ibutho lawo, ukuze afeze ukuqoqwa izintela, futhi sidlule iziqu zabo zenani elikhulu eziyifa. Nokho, umthelela nababusi bezifundazwe kancane kancane waqala ukwanda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, aqala ancintisane kuhulumeni. Uhulumeni Prestige waqala ukwehla ezifundazweni. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu emfuleni pirates futhi thugs yahlanganiswa e namaqembu amaningana. Bahlasela angajeziswa nemizana atholiwe loMfula umfula iYangtze.

isikhukhula

Kwasekusithi 858 Flood-Grand Canal umangalele amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukholo zabantu e abantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiwe lwamakhosi ukuguga zazamazama. It waqala ukusakaza umbono wokuthi uhulumeni uye esazithukuthelisa amazulu walahlekelwa ilungelo lakhe sobukhosi. Ngo 873, leli zwe lalikhungethwe inhlekelele nokonakala kwesivuno. Kwezinye izindawo, abantu neze wakwazi ukuqoqa isigamu umthamo evamile. On the esengozini yokufa, amashumi ezinkulungwane babelamba. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kokuqala wokubusa Tang Dynasty kungavimbela nemiphumela emibi ukungakhuli kwezitshalo ngenxa accumulations abalulekile zokusanhlamvu. Ngekhulu lesi-9 amandla ayikwazanga asindise abantu bakhe.

Okunye

Ukuncipha kwe-Tang Dynasty wayebuye ngenxa ukubusa kubathenwa enkantolo. Kubo kwakhiwa isigungu esibunjwe. Ngekhulu lesi-9, abathenwa zinamandla eyanele ukuthonya izinqumo zezombusazwe, ukwazi ukufinyelela yengcebo. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengathi ukubulala ngisho sababusi. Eminyakeni 783-784. zabhikisha Zhu Qi. Ngemva kwalokho wayala abathenwa babe amasosha Shentse. Against kubo waqala ukufikelwa ngenkuthalo khulumela Wen-Tsung, ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe nomfowabo omdala e 817. Nokho, umkhankaso wakhe akuphumelelanga.

yokubala abantu

Ababusi Tang Dynasty ubelokhu wafuna ukwazi ncamashi inani izikhonzi zakhe. Kwakudingekile ukuba ukuziphatha ezempi kanye Intela ezimali. iqoqo lula sendwangu nokusanhlamvu umkhaya ngamunye yasungulwa eminyakeni yokuqala ukubusa. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu of 609, kwakukhona imizi angu-9 (abantu abayizigidi ezingu-50.) Esikhathini zwe. Ngokuzayo ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ngo-742 Ngokusho ofakazi, ngisho noma abanye abantu abazange bahlanganyele ukubalwa kwabantu, izwe lalihlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-uMbuso Han. Ngokusho okwesibili abantu abayizigidi ezingu-58 e-754 okufanayo, umbuso kwaba emadolobheni 1859, 1538 izifunda, 321 Prefecture babhaliswa. Kwenqwaba sabantu - 80-90% - babehlala emaphandleni. Kube yokufuduka abantu ababesuka enyakatho naseningizimu. Lokhu kufakazelwa izibalo. Esikhathini enyakatho iqhaza neminyaka yokuqala lwamakhosi wahlala 75%, kanye iminyaka yokugcina-50% kuphela. Labantu akakhulelanga kakhulu kuze ekuqaleni Iculo. Kule nkathi eseningizimu nemaphakathi China ngenkuthalo eqala ukukhula ukukhiqizwa irayisi. Lapho ekucubunguleni Amasimu waqala usebenzise uhlobo oluphambili lokubala ngenkasa izinhlelo. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwezomnotho sabantu uMbuso kuzokhulisa okungenani kabili.

Eminyakeni yokugcina nokubusa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ekugcineni Dynasty esiteji anda kakhulu umthelela nababusi bezifundazwe. Bona naqala cishe njengendlela ehlukile, ababusi ezimele. Ekuphathweni senkantolo yasebukhosini kwaba nokukhohlakala okwakudlangile. Amandla emaphakathi kakhulu kwaba ezingasebenzi kakhulu ukuze kuqedwe ke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomthelela omubi uhlobo dynastic babe yezimo ezimbi zezulu. Phakathi nesomiso waqala, okwaholela ukwehluleka isivuno sokuqala, bese kuze kube sekufeni. Konke lokhu yabangela izinxushunxushu eyaphenduka ekugcineni ibe kuvukela emikhulu. Ekugcineni, nokubusa Tang Dynasty waphazanyiswa ukunyakaza eholwa Huang Chao, bese abalandeli bakhe. Ngaphakathi isinqumo ekilasini waqala ukwakha amaqembu ehlukene, ukungena ingxabano njalo omunye nomunye. Abashokobezi bathunjwa, bese beguduza izihloko ezimbili isimo - Luoyang futhi Chang'an. Ezoqeda ukuvukela kwama-kuhulumeni kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yezinxushunxushu kwase kuqediwe, i-Tang Dynasty wayengasakwazi ukuhola isimo esimweni ngaphambili owayengenalusizo ochumayo. Chzhu Ven, owayenguyise ikhanda zokugcina amavukelambuso ongumlimi eyenziwa umbuso kuleli zwe. Yena wagudluzwa e 907, umbusi wokugcina Li Zhu. Chzhu Ven, owaba nengxenye ubude wokuvukela zokugcina, wanika Huang Chao. Okokuqala waya eceleni Tang Dynasty. Ngemva kwalokho, Nokho, eduze kwenkantolo, Wachitha inkosi yokugcina. He qamba lwamakhosi entsha futhi wathatha igama ithempeli lika-Tai Chi. Icebo lika yakhe kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha emlandweni wezwe. Kusukela eminyakeni 907 kuya kuma-960. kwakukhona inkathi Eyishumi Imibuso kanye Dynasties Five.

isiphetho

Tang Dynasty yathatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Nokho, ukubusa kwayo okwakuzothatha, kwaba yimpumelelo kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala phambi isikhawu iminyaka 690-705. lonke Ukuphatha izwe hhayi ukufunda ngokwanele. Emperors, ngaphandle lokuqala, wanika amandla kakhulu izihloko. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kuqhathaniswa okusheshayo ukulawula abantu isimo sisonke.