I ezindawo isikhundla Western eSiberia. Umnotho Western eSiberia

Entshonalanga yeSiberia - enkulu ezindawo esifundeni, okuyinto elula kusukela Kara Yasolwandle Eya E emaqeleni Kazakhstan. Le ndawo 60% ehlanganiswa kwamahlathi namaxhaphozi, futhi uhluke ocebile amaminerali isisetshenziswa ezingaba khona. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko indawo Western aseSiberia? Yini namaminerali misela? Nendawo esifundeni zonke-Russian isimiso sezomnotho?

Entshonalanga yeSiberia: isikhundla ezindawo ka esifundeni

Entshonalanga yeSiberia - esifundeni ngobukhulu by endaweni ifaniswe emazweni anjenge-Argentina naseNdiya. Kuyinto ngaphakathi uthi ezimbili (Russia nase Kazakhstan). Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Western eSiberia libhekene izici eziningana eliyingqayizivele. Kuyini lokhu?

isikhundla ezemvelo Western eSiberia lichaza indawo esifundeni mayelana amafomu Macro wokukhululeka, emifuleni emikhulu, izilwandle, izilwandle, izindawo zemvelo, nokunye. N. esifundeni welulela ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu cishe 2.500 amakhilomitha. Kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, ubude balo uyahluka 1000 km enyakatho kuya eningizimu endaweni 2000 km.

Uma sikhuluma imingcele esifundeni, isikhundla ezindawo ka the Western eSiberia kuyoba enjalo: enyakatho phesheya ogwini loLwandle Kara, futhi phezu emithambekeni eningizimu elinganiselwe Kazakh amagquma. Western iphelela umngcele kanye Ural, nasempumalanga - eMfuleni Yenisei. Eningizimu-mpumalanga Western eSiberia kancane kancane liphuma ngobumnene elaliphansi kwamagquma Altai futhi Kuznetsk Alatau.

Inzalo ngaphezulu Western aseSiberia? Isikhundla ezindawo ka esifundeni libhekene iqiniso ukuthi itholakala cishe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi eponymous West laseSiberia Plain. Kuyinto iplanethi ngobukhulu ethafeni, bangazihluphi indawo cishe 2.6 izigidi ezingu square metres. km.

Kundawo yayo Western eSiberia ithatha cishe 15% wendawo Russia. Kuyinto abantu abangaphezu kuka-10% sabantu waseRussia (isigidi sabantu 14.6). Labantu bagxila ikakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yalesi sifunda. Ngaphakathi Western baseSiberia buthatha 11 Izikhonzi Russian Federation, North-Kazakhstan oblast (ngokuphelele) futhi izingxenye ezinye izifunda Kazakhstan. Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Barnaul, Kostanay futhi Nizhnevartovsk.

Entshonalanga yeSiberia: kafushane ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe

Isifunda amanga endaweni yezwekazi sezulu, okuyinto ihlukaniswe amahlanu ase-izindawo emathafeni enyakatho kuya asemaqeleni eningizimu. Ebusika izinga lokushisa komoya ongafinyelela -30 ... -40 degrees, ehlobo isukela +10 ukuze +20. Ngezikhathi zasehlobo Vasyuganskoye emaxhaphozini zinjengenqolobane enkulu air conditioner, ukupholisa umphumela ukuthi ihlanganisa cishe zonke Western eSiberia.

Zonke yamanzi esifundeni ngandlela-thile baphathe amanzi abo oLwandle Kara. Ob ne Irtysh - lena main emfuleni simiso Western eSiberia. Okunye imifula emikhulu - lePhure, Tom, Tobol, Chulym, taz, Biya, Nadym. E-West ihlathi laseSiberia ikhula 40 zezihlahla kanye 230 zama-nezihlahla. onqenqemeni Fauna futhi ocebile ngempela:-100 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo 350 zezinyoni kanye 60 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi bony.

Yemvelo engafani Western eSiberia luvikelwe izinqolobane eziningana. I owayemdala kunabo bonke, Yugansky, yasungulwa ngo-1982. Kube evikelwe ezilwaneni ezisengcupheni kwezilwane - golden eagle ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, abamnyama nonogolantethe nabanye.

Izici ngempumuzo Western eSiberia

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iningi kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba lingaphakathi West laseSiberia Plain, olubonakala kahle kumephu ngokomzimba. Yena "sandwiched" phakathi Ural futhi Central laseSiberia Plateau. Plain is evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, lamagquma eSiberia - amagquma kanye engamamitha 200-300 amamitha.

Yonke isakhiwo amanga orographic efanayo igama ungcwecwe ngengxube isisekelo Paleozoic ubudala. Phezu kwalesi sisekelo imbozwe ezifakwa amnyama Mesozoic, Paleogene kanye neziNhlangano eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni nezikhathi. I ukujiya Imininingwane yalezi izingqimba kuyinto 6 amakhilomitha! West-Siberian ipuleti sakhiwa ikakhulu shales, Clays, Sands futhi sandstones.

Ingaphezulu Western eSiberia akuyona kakhulu izinguquko ezahlukene ephakeme. Noma kunjalo, kwaba ukukhululeka esifundeni wehlukile ngempela. Lapha, kukhona izindawo emathafeni futhi emaxhaphozini, futhi sentaba imali encane.

izindawo Zemvelo Western eSiberia

Ngaphakathi esifundeni sibhekisiswe kahle nokuklanywa latitudinal. izindawo zemvelo ezinhlanu kuqokonyiswa, imingcele zazo aphumelele nomunye ngokunemba Amazing:

• Tundra.
• Tundra.
• Ehlathini.
• Leli hlathi-asemaqeleni.
• Asemaqeleni.

Treeless emathafeni nge wona kanye ulele oluthatha esisenyakatho bomkhathi entshonalanga yeSiberia (nhlonhlo Gydansky futhi Yamal). Eningizimu esikhundleni emathafeni, elihlanganisa iziza KaMose amaxhaphozi, khuhla futhi nasemahlathini.

Ihlathi zone (noma Boreal ihlathi) - okungukuthi cishe 1,000-ikhilomitha endaweni phakathi 55th futhi 66th degree enyakatho yenkabazwe. Ukudla okuvamile Ukubukeka kwale ndawo - amnyama ihlathi lezihlahla nge predominance ka fir, sonwele lemisedari. Kwezinye izindawo kukhona zikaphayini kanye birch namahlathi Aspen.

Eningizimu ehlathini ihlathi-asemaqeleni iqala. Lapha, yaso eyingqayizivele sici okungukuthi enkulu inani avaliwe nosawoti emachibini. Ngaphezu kwalokho eningizimu, kule ndawo yemvelo esikhundleni asemaqeleni. Ngaphezu amakhambi zakudala, kukhona amahlathi zikaphayini ibhande. Bona akhiwa emigodini emifula izinguzunga zeqhwa zasendulo.

Izinto ezingokwemvelo namaminerali esifundeni

Imithombo yemvelo yalesi sifunda zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Entshonalanga yeSiberia unika kuka-70% yamafutha Russian futhi mayelana 10% - izinkuni. Nangu enamandla kakhulu uwoyela negesi eziyinkimbinkimbi kuleli zwe.

Ngaphandle uwoyela negesi yemvelo e Western eSiberia ibe nabayimele eside amalahle, Peat, nosawoti yalo. Nokho, ukuze balukhulume kahle izidubedube yesifunda kunzima kakhulu. Phela, Mother Nature thembeke ukuvikela emkhakheni wendawo esebenzisa inhlabathi eqandisiwe nasemaxhaphozini esingaweleki. Winter ukusebenza lapha ekuvimbeleni frost nomoya, ehlobo - umtshitshi omiyane womele igazi.

Enye ingcebo enkulu futhi cishe ongashi Western eSiberia - amanzi alo. Ngaphezu eziningi igcwele amachibi nemifula esifundeni kutholakala inothile ngamanzi. Sekuyisikhathi eside Lake eSiberia enikeziwe izinhlanzi abantu nasemahlathini - noboya lezigodo.

isikhundla wezoMnotho kanye ezindawo ka esifundeni

Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Western eSiberia (EGP) buvezwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, emakamu esiphezulu uphethiloli idiphozithi yanoma ukubaluleka embulungeni yonke, futhi ngakolunye - ukusondela isihlobo ezindaweni ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza nophethiloli. Kulapha kwakhiwa emikhulu wezimpahla notshwala zokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi, iqondiswe ikakhulukazi uma uya entshonalanga.

Esinye isici esihle isimo somnotho kanye ezindawo ka Western eSiberia kuyinto evumayo zokuthutha isikhundla esifundeni. Pipelines ngokushesha futhi kuqhathaniswa elishibhile ukuletha amafutha eSiberia futhi igesi CIS, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Entshonalanga, imingcele esifundeni ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo yesifunda Ural futhi eningizimu likwazi ukufinyelela emngceleni Kazakhstan eMongolia naseChina.

nemikhuba emibi emibili kuphela kungenziwa ngokuthi EGP Western eSiberia:

1. kwezimo ezimbi zezulu, okuyinto kakhulu nzima futhi ukukhiqizwa ezibizayo zendawo imithombo yamandla.
2. A ubude elikhulu komngcele Kazakhstan, okuyinto ezindaweni eziningi akuyona afakwe.

Izici kwemnotfo Western eSiberia

Kule ngxenye yezwe ivelele West esifundeni kwezomnotho laseSiberia. Imingcele yayo ezivamile cishe kuhambisane imingcele kwemvelo kubhekwe bahlale kuyo.

Umnotho Western eSiberia kusekelwe ukukhiqizwa uwoyela negesi, ezamahlathi kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali, kanye Agro-zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi nge predominance yokusanhlamvu ukulima. Kodwa ngokuyinhloko e Western eSiberia - kuba isisekelo esibalulekile uwoyela yezwe. Ngo Omsk, it has omunye the best zokuwuhluza eRussia. Ukujula Kokuhlakanipha ukucutshungulwa "igolide elimnyama" uphakeme njengesakhiwo 80%. Amandla kukhiqizwa esifundeni futhi kuzocutshungulwa Tobolsk.

EWestern eSiberia, uye wathola ukuthuthukiswa kanye ne-engineering. Izizinda elikhulu kule mboni bagxila Omsk, Novosibirsk isifunda Altai Territory. Isifunda ukhiqiza kusondela, amandla kanye nemishini amalahle, umusi boilers, diesel kanye zesitimela.

isiphetho

Manje uyazi ukuthi izici ezihlukahlukene sendawo of Western eSiberia. imingcele Zemvelo kule ndawo ezintabeni Ural (entshonalanga), i-Yenisei komfula (empumalanga) ogwini loLwandle Kara (kuya enyakatho) nemithambeka Kazakh upland (eningizimu).

isimo somnotho kanye ezindawo ka Western eSiberia ngo jikelele evumayo ngokwanele, nakuba amanye nobuthaka bayo.