Okuvame kakhulu amaphutha wokuma

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi abanye abantu babusiswa okuthiwa "lwati isegazini ', futhi ngempumelelo ugweme amaphutha nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Nakuba abanye babe ukukhumbula iqoqo imithetho yokuthuthukisa emibhalweni yabo. Nokho, amaphutha wokuma, izibonelo zazo ngokuvamile kuyabonakala noma emaphephandabeni noma izwi abasakazi ithelevishini, ngokulinganayo ngokuvamile bavunyelwe kokubili labo nabanye.

Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi imithetho le-syntax zinzima kakhulu ukuba baziqonde. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sikhumbule. Ngezansi sethula ezivamile amaphutha wokuma. Futhi mhlawumbe kuyokusiza ugweme nabo esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokuvamile, kuphakama amaphutha wokuma ezindinganisweni ukungenzi ukubambisana nokuphatha. Lezi zihlanganisa ukukhetha okubi yokukhuluma uma ephethwe kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu tandziso ( "ukukhokhela uhambo," esikhundleni sokuthi "ukukhokhela uhambo," "ukuhleka mayelana ihlaya" esikhundleni "ehlekisayo ihlaya," njll). Njengoba amaphutha wokuma ngokuvamile zenzeka ngemisho ukwakhiwa "labo ...", isibonelo: "Labo abalaziyo imithetho, bhala kahle" (Lokho kulungile: "Labo abalaziyo imithetho, silobe engakwesokudla"). Lapha sento likhuluma okokuqala igama elithi "ngubani" kanti eyesibili - ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "labo" ukuthi sidala ukudideka.

amaphutha njalo futhi syntax ku uvumela ibinzana participial ngegama elithi esiyinhloko ke (Isibonelo: "etafuleni, yaletha esuka Italy" - ilungelo ukuba "amazwe"), kanye nokwethulwa kwegazi nezinye izingxenye umusho ( "Ngabona incwadi ebhalelwe umngane" esikhundleni "Ngabona incwadi ebhalwe omunye").

Ukusetshenziswa ngamazwi esithi imishwana nkinga ivame kakhulu amaphutha wokuma ezihambisana nomuntu beqhuba isenzo. Ngokwesibonelo: "odlulayo esitolo, amehlo ami wagijima isibonakaliso" esikhundleni "odlulayo esitolo, ngabona uphawu." Isenzo esithi ngamazwi imishwana njalo libhekisela kumuntu naleyo eyashiwo isilandiso.

Syntax amaphutha ukusetshenziswa amalungu eyohlobo kwezinye izimo kungenziwa ashiwo semantic. Lezi zihlanganisa inhlanganisela imiqondo heterogeneous ( "etafuleni abandayo noma oluhlaza"), ilungu ukuqaliswa, hhayi ngokuhambisana amazwi main ( "wayezungezwe ukunakekelwa kanye nosizo" - ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuba azungeze).

Syntax amaphutha ukwakhiwa imisho lemagalagala ezihlobene shift ukunakwa kusuka kwenye ingxenye kwelinye, nokungakwazi kubuyise isakhiwo izinhlamvu ezigcwele esihlokweni. Lezi zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa eziningana uhlobo olufanayo irowu paranasal ( "Ngabona incwadi, okulotshiwe Umngane wami ohlala eSpain"). Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokwethula umusho participial ( "Ngabona incwadi eyabhalwa umngane wami ohlala eSpain").

Sibukeze izinhlobo ezinkulu amaphutha wokuma, futhi ungasho ukuthi iningi labo wavuma ngenxa ukungafakwa izixhumanisi phakathi izingxenye ezahlukene lomusho. Ukuvimbela kubo ngokwanele nje ukuba banake bonke imiklamo kanye nokudidiyela zabo nomunye. Futhi kufanele sikhumbule ezivamile amaphutha wokuma esikhathini esizayo ukuze ukwazi ukuzibona. Uma ulandela le mithetho, ngisho imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo ngeke ukwazi ukubeka ngawe ekupheleni efile.