Umehluko semantic

Umehluko semantic - indlela akhiwa sokusebenza kwengqondo American Charles Osgood ukulinganisa incazelo inshokutsi lebhacile kwamagama, izinto, imibono, amasiko. It is lisetshenziswe ezihlukahlukene izifundo zesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu futhi ukumaketha, ucwaningo, isipiliyoni yomsebenzisi, ukwelashwa.

Zimbili amagugu amayunithi ngokolimi (amazwi): bomcondvofana, bomcondvophika kanye inshokutsi lebhacile. Izincazelo eziqondile - a lucebe ukubaluleka kwayo. Linikeza umqondo - incazelo ngasocansini. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga igama elithi "ihlosi" noma "ukhozi." Zimelela izilwane, kodwa inshokutsi lebhacile nencazelo yawo - amandla, amandla.

Ngo-1950 ekuseni, Charlz Osgud nozakwabo esetshenziswa nethesarasi "Thesaurus Roget sika" ukukhiqiza isikali okuguquguqukayo, kuncike bahlukene semantic: "ezinhle-okubi", "fast-kancane", "ehlanzekile-ezingcolile", "eyigugu-ezingenanzuzo "" nje-nabulungisa, "" soft-kanzima "nokunye. Osgood ngokuthi esikalini kanje: umehluko semantic njengoba umahluko ngesisekelo isilinganiso ukushuba ukuqonda subjective ye nezincazelo womuntu inshokutsi lebhacile yamagama.

Iqembu locwaningo wakwazi ukusebenzisa inikwe amandla lapho ubuchwepheshe bama-computer futhi isici ukuhlaziywa ukuhlola esiningi idatha ngosizo "abahluleli" abaningi (abantu abavamile abamenyiwe lokuveza isimo sabo sengqondo), owabonisa ukubaluleka ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane imibono esikalini eziningi, umehluko semantic. Umphumela waba ukutholakala isikhala semantic - kunezinhlobo ezintathu nesilinganiso eyisisekelo zengqondo, ngamunye kule ndawo nomphakathi, ngaphandle kokugcinwa ulimi noma isiko. ucwaningo Okwalandela abacwaningi abaningi emhlabeni wonke iye yaqinisekisa ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi isikhala semantic nobuqiniso yakhe zamasiko.

Semantic umehluko isilinganiso ukusabela kwabantu amazwi umfutho kanye imiqondo ngokoMthetho okuza elilinganisiwe izikali okuguquguqukayo bomcondvophika ezithile womlomo ekupheleni esikalini ngasinye.

Ngemva kwezifundo incazelo inshokutsi lebhacile imiqondo eminingi, Charlz Osgud nozakwabo ziye zakhomba ezintathu eziyisisekelo kulinganiselwa eziyisikhombisa-emphumelelo yemakhono: "ukuhlolwa" "amandla", "umsebenzi":

- Good _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Plohoy;

- Strong _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Slaby;

- Active _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 _- ___: __ __- 2: __- 3__Passivny:

I "0" kusho isilinganiso hlangothi, "1" - "kancane", "2" - "ngokuphelele", "3" - "kakhulu".

Njengomthetho, umuntu eba nesithakazelo ezinye imiqondo, njengokuthi "Red China 'simcele ukuhlola ezintweni eziningi izikali. Ukuze sihlaziye ubudlelwane esikalini ngabanye zingahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

semantic umehluko indlela esetshenziswa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.

Bipolar ngazimbili adjectival - elula, engabizi esebenzisa okwenza kube lula ukuthola idatha ethile, elwazini subjective zabantu nezincazelo inshokutsi lebhacile yamagama. Lezi Ubukhulu ezintathu, avele ukwakha uhlobo "izici zezenhlalo nezingokomzwelo" abantu.

Ngo Psychology, umehluko semantic isetshenziswa kwengqondo amaklayenti-igxile sencazelo "self-umqondo." Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-indlela umehluko semantic - yemakethe, ukuhlaziya abezindaba, ucwaningo nomphakathi, ikakhulukazi labo imikhiqizo, izinkampani, abantu, isithombe zazo kumele ihlaziye.

Ukuze umehluko semantic kudinga abaphendulayo savvy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakuqonda kahle ulimi ukuze bakwazi ukuba 'baqonde' umehluko yakhe enhle kunazo zonke. Njengomthetho, akusiyo kulungele izingane, kodwa kukhona bezibona elikhulayo abafundi indlela uthisha ukuxilongwa umehluko semantic. Ithuluzi kunikeza imiphumela ezithakazelisayo endaweni nomngcele ophakathi yezilimi kanye psychology.