Ukulimala - a ... ukulimala, zisho kanye nokwelashwa. zokulimala

Nge ukulimala ihlangabezane wonke umuntu empilweni yami. Zivela ezihlukahlukene ezimweni futhi yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kwakungenxa lezi zinkinga manje futhi ufuna ukukhuluma. Ngakho ukulimala. Yini leyo? Nini futhi kanjani lapho kuphakama, iziphi nokuthi uluhlobo luni usizo kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka kwasekuqaleni - ukufunda ngaso ku.

amagama

Ekuqaleni, kumelwe siqonde amagama ezizosetshenziselwa kulesi sihloko. Ukulimala - akuyona kuphela ukuhlukumeza yobuqotho, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, okuyinto zenzeka ngenxa yokuchayeka yizici zemvelo. Ngo okufanayo, futhi kufanele ubhekane nalokho iqiniso, ukuthi ukulimala ezinjalo. Ngakho, kuba inani elithile ukulimala (labantu babo), okuyinto aphindaphindwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, emacenjini abo kwelinye futhi efanayo isikhathi. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi lo mshumayeli ukulimala - kuyinto inkomba kwezibalo, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthole isithombe esiphelele sokuthi ingabe uhlobo oluthile umonakalo kumaqembu athile labantu. Mangisho ukuthi ngalezi zinkomba ibalulekile. Phela, nabo basuke enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba sihlaziye lwezifo ezahlukene ukulimala, kanye ukhethe indlela efanele lokuvikela.

ukulimala mechanical

Njengoba wayeqonda ukuthi ukulimala - lawa izinkinga ezivelayo ngenxa yizici zemvelo, kufanele futhi bacabangisise ezihlukahlukene ngezigaba zabo. Ekuqaleni sizogxila ukulimala lokukhanda. Kulokhu, lo izicubu womuntu kuthinta amandla mechanical, yalokho okuyinto nethonya ezithile futhi umonakalo. Uma thina base bekhuluma izilwane, ukuhlukumezeka ngosizo lomshini baye balimala ngumuntu amahanisi, isiswebhu amaketanga (aqukethe izinja). Kubantu, lezi ukulimala zihlukaniswe subtypes eziningana:

• Operating ukulimala. E. Etholwe ngenxa ukuhlinzwa.
• Okungahleliwe. Kungenzeka kokubili ngenxa umuntu (isib nesenzakalo yokulimala kusuka a hala) futhi ngokuzimela kwayo (falling isitini ekhanda).
• Tribal, t. E. Ikhishwa ngesikhathi inqubo ukuvela ingane iyazalwa.
• ukulimala Military. E. Lokho ke etholwe ngesikhathi wezempi (ukulwa) imisebenzi.

Nokho, lokhu akulona nje ngezigaba ukulimala lokukhanda. Babuye ihlukaniswe:

• ngqo (zikhona endaweni ethile ngenxa isicelo kuhlasimulise amabutho mechanical) kanye engaqondile (avele eduze iphuzu kwesicelo zamabutho kuhlasimulise (isibonelo, i-dislocation we ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe ngenxa gxuma kusuka ukuphakama);
• amaningi futhi olulodwa;
• avaliwe (ubuqotho isikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kuleli cala umthetho, futhi lokhu kungaba nokulinyazwa, Ukwenyela, waphuka) futhi evulekile (ngenxa ulwelwesi yabo lwamafinyila, kanye ubuqotho kwezicubu sinqamukile, ngokuvamile kuba waphuka ovulekile futhi dislocations).

Ukulimala ezenzeka ngenxa yokulimala mechanical

Uma umuntu elimele, kuba isiqiniseko ukuthi kudingeka baqonde ukuthi ncamashi kuba. Ngokwesibonelo, kulandela ukulimala kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala mechanical:

1. Imihuzuko. Kulokhu kwephule ubuqotho epidermis (jeza semithambo ebusweni ungqimba lymph noma imithambo yegazi yonakele). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le imihuzuko ebusweni njalo kuqala ezimanzi, wabe embozwe uqweqwe wegazi coagulated ne-plasma. Lokhu coarsening ekugcineni ubalekela, futhi esikhundleni imihuzuko isikhathi esithile zingagcinwa ekhethekile ibala lesikhumba (umbala kuyoba kancane alula kakhulu esikhumbeni evamile). ukuphulukisa imihuzuko ngokugcwele ngemva kwesonto noma amabili ngemva kokuba yamukelwa.
2. Alimazayo. Basuke kwakhiwa esikhundleni umonakalo mechanical ngenxa izitsha ukudabuka. Ngakho, igazi kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa ungqimba phezulu isikhumba, ke yokulimala ezifana nombala kubonakala imibala eluhlaza nebomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, palette umbala yayiyolimaza zizoshintsha lokho kwakuyobonisa ukuthi lowo ngokushesha uzoshabalala (kusuka onsomi-blue ophuzi). isikhathi esigcwele yokutakula kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi futhi luyehluka in abantu ezahlukene (izici ezithinta izinga yokutakula ukujula, ubungako kanye kwasendaweni umonakalo).
3. Ukwenyela. Kuyinto uhlobo displacement amathambo emalungwini (okuthiwa ukulimala ngokuhlanganyela). It kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emikhawulweni engenhla, kuyaqabukela - ngezansi. Zingase kuhambisane ukuwohloka kwezicubu. Aqedwa odokotela abanolwazi.
4. Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu amathambo. Lokhu kungukuphula ubuqotho babo bonke amathambo womuntu we skeleton. Ngokuvamile ephelezelwa izilonda kwezicubu ezizungezile, imithambo yegazi kanye imisipha uyadabuka, kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene nokopha. Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu zivaliwe (indawo ngaphakathi izicubu zomzimba ezithambile) futhi evulekile (Kunegebe kwesikhumba, lapho eqondisa ithambo eliphukile baxhumana imvelo yangaphandle).
5. Amanxeba.

Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana amanxeba

Ngakho, ubuqotho babantu ezilimele izicubu mucosa. Amanxeba ngokuvamile ukungena izicubu ezijulile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi into ebuhlungu eyenzeka ezinjalo kungaba yingozi abantu ngenxa yezizathu eziningana: kungenzeka ukopha; izicubu ezambiwa kungaba ngesinyenyela ukutheleleka; kukhona ingozi yokwephula ubuqotho hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izibilini ukusebenza.

Kukhona Ukwahlukaniswa izilonda, okuyinto zihlukaniswe kuye ngokuthi izimo nesenzakalo:

• Sika. Vuka emisebeni acute kokuhambisa into (avame ummese).
• Wokubhoboza. It isetshenziswa into, okuyinto has a ingxenye encane esiphambanweni.
• Stab.
• Torn. Vuka ngenxa distension kwezicubu.
• Bites ezingavela ngenxa imiphumela womuntu izinyo izicubu.
• Oqoshiwe. Zifakwe ngento ebukhali esindayo (avame kuba ngembazo).
• Crushing ukulimala. Kulokhu akukho nje esikhaleni, kodwa futhi kwasani izicubu.
• Elimala. Ingabe umphumela blunt amandla ukuhlukumezeka (noma igalelo sento blunt).
• Gunshot. Vuka ngenxa khona isibhamu noma zilimale kakhulu ngenxa ordnance alufakwa.
• isilonda Scalped - nalezo ekuhlaleni ngokwahlukana kwesikhumba.
• Ubuthi. Vuka kwenzeka ngokuthi isilonda ngenxa ukuhlukumezeka noma ukuluma Ubuthi udle.

Okunye zokulimala

Ngakho, ukulimala - umonakalo ezicutshini zomzimba kanye nezinhlaka ngabanye. Ngaphezu mechanical, ukwaba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo kubo:

1. ukulimala Thermal. Vuka ngenxa isinyathelo umzimba lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi. Umonakalo ezingahle zivele ngenxa yokulimala ezishisayo: ukusha (kubangelwa ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme kakhulu) futhi frostbite (emzimbeni Kulezo zimo, imithelela lokushisa ongaphakeme). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingozi enkulu ngokunembile uhlobo lwesibili yokulimala - frostbite. Futhi zonke ngoba baye okuthiwa "inkathi esicashile", lapho amasignali izinkinga somzimba ayinawo ngisho obunganakekile.
2. ukulimala wokuhlelwa kwendikimba. Kulokhu, umzimba womuntu sidlula umbani noma lobuchwepheshe kagesi. Lokhu kuphumela ukushisa amandla, elibangela umonakalo, ngokuvamile kushe.
3. Chemical ukulimala ingalungiswa ngu bazithobisa umzimba acid, lezisekelo zalo, esindayo zensimbi nezinto ezifana nalezo. D. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zamakhemikhali kungabangela ukubhujiswa zendawo, kodwa abanye futhi engena ijule umzimba, owabangela umonakalo eyingozi.
4. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukulimala. Kuyinto umphumela isinyathelo umzimba ka ionizing emisebeni noma, Ngamafuphi nje - ngemisebe.
5. ukuhlukumezeka eziphilayo kungabangela izifo eziningi, amagciwane kanye ubuthi, ubuthi nomzimba.
6. emqondweni. Lona uhlobo olukhethekile inkinga. Futhi zonke ngoba uhlukanise enhlekeleleni ezinjalo kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa imizwa esindayo. It kuholela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene okubuhlungu sphere autonomic nangokwengqondo (kungaba njengoba neurosis elula nokucindezeleka).

Ukwahlukanisa by kobukhulu ukulimala

izinhlobo ezahlukene ukulimala wezokwelapha zihlukaniswa futhi yi-degree of kobukhulu. Ngalokhu umbandela isehlane:

• ilimele kabi. Kulokhu, abukhali, ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo isimo sezempilo. Baqasheke sinqamukile isikhathi inyanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
• ukulimala Lokulingene. Izinguquko ethi umzimba. umuntu okhubazekile ubhekwa 10 kuya ku-30 izinsuku.
• imihuzukwana. Ukwephulwa ezenzeka emzimbeni abhekwa ezincane. ukusebenza ukulahlekelwa ingekho.
• ukulimala acute. Izenzo zenzeka njengoba umphumela wesici esibuhlungu.
• ukulimala Okungalapheki. Vuka ngenxa yokuchayeka endaweni efanayo phezu komzimba isici esifanayo esibuhlungu.
• Microtrauma. Kulokhu, waphazamiseka izicubu amaseli.

Ukwahlukanisa kuye yizici zemvelo

Kukhona umehluko futhi ukulimala kuye yizici zemvelo. Kulokhu kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngalezi izinhlobo kubo:

1. ukulimala Industrial. E., Labo ukuthi zenzeka izimboni.
2. Impi ukuhlukumezeka - ingatholakala ngenxa isinyathelo sezempi.
3. ukulimala Agricultural kukhona emasimini, izinkomo ngamamitha, nokunye. D.
4. Ukulimala ingatholakala endaweni yasekhaya.
5. Ezokuthutha ukulimala isicelo izikebhe.
6. ukulimala Ezemidlalo kukhona ngenxa ukudlala imidlalo (kokubili professional kanye abavamile).
7. Ebuntwaneni ukuhlukumezeka kungaba umuntu kungazange kufinyelele abaneminyaka engu-14.

zosizo lokuqala

Ngokushesha ngemva sehlo, efana kokulimala, isisulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kubalulekile ukuthi uhlinzeka ngazo zonke usizo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yena, yebo, ngeke ifane kuye ezicini ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lapho yikuphi ukulimala kakhulu ukufuna usizo kadokotela: ukuya isikhungo sokwelapha eliseduze. Noma, uma kunesidingo, shayela i-ambulense. Phela, kuphela uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe angakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Okufanele ukwenze endabeni ethile

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukuze basize ukulimala kuyoba ngokuphongoza. Nokho, noma kunjalo, umuntu kudingeka nokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele isicelo kwasekuqaleni.

• Bhinyila. Ngicabanga ukuthi umuntu ezibona lokhu inkinga, kungenzeka ngenxa yobuhlungu. Futhi, iphutha kungenzeka ukuvuvukala noma blueness. On palpation kwendawo ngilulekela libuhlungu nakakhulu. Kulokhu, endaweni elimele kufanele kube ukusebenzisa ibhandishi ukuthi kuzolinganisela ukunyakaza. Kumele kusetshenziswe phezu eqhweni. Le ndawo kakhulu efanayo ukulimala kumele ibekwe kancane ngenhla ezingeni ekhanda (kulesi simo, ungehlisa ukuvuvukala futhi blueness).
• Mayelana dislocation "zizitshela" isikhundla okungesona esingokwemvelo nasemilenzeni. Futhi-ke, isisulu zazizobona ubuhlungu zazinzima kakhulu. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuba ulungise esitho dislocated kule sikhundla elula kunazo, isicelo ice bese uya kudokotela. Qaphela: self-ukunciphisa dislocation akuvunyelwe nakancane!
• Uma ukulimala kungenza kuphela ukwenza cindezela abandayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kudingeke kokungathembeki ibhandishi.
• Ukwa. Qonda ukuthi umuntu iphuzu turning, kuphela ubheka i-x-ray. Ngakho uma kukhona izinsolo le nkinga, udinga ngokushesha ukuya kudokotela. Oku-ukuthi kudingeka kulungiswe esitho, immobilizing ke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungafaka futhi iqhwa.
• Amanxeba. Okokuqala, kumelwe babe abaphile isiqiniseko ukususa. Ngenxa yalesi kuyasiza ukuxoxa amanzi, noma kangcono nokho, "i-hydrogen peroxide" egijima. Uma kwenzeka-ke kufanele simiswe ukopha. Emaphethelweni isilonda nge-iodine kunganqanda ukugeja uphawu. Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, ungasebenzisa, ibhandishi ahlanzekile ezomile.
• Njengoba frostbite kuyadingeka ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo ekushiseni okuhangulayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi udinga ngangokusemandleni uthinte isikhumba ezindaweni ezithintekile komzimba.
• Nge ukusha kufanele selehlile ngaphansi izingxenye amanzi abandayo abathintekayo yomzimba egijima. Kahle Ukupholisa isikhathi - imizuzu 15-20. Uma phezu 20% ezindaweni ezithintekile komzimba, zihambisana yisisulu ahlanzekile, ofakwe amanzi epholile, ishidi. Kufanele unikezwe imithi ebulala izinzwa. Ngokulandelayo, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense.
• Lapho ukushaqeka umthelela lomuntu lokuqala kufanele adedelwe isenzo yalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi uvala inkinobho main noma "silingo" we isisulu ngosizo amabhodi noma izinti. Akunakusetshenziswa ungathinti umuntu, ngubani namanje wamanje ukusebenza, ngoba behlupheka kokubili kuhlanganise ukuphila! Ngemva uhlukunyezwe isisulu kufanele abulawe, indawo yokuhlala, nika isiphuzo efudumele. Uma kukhona novalo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ehogela ammonia evala. Uma kungekho inhliziyo, kudingeka inhliziyo massage and ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela kwezimila "umlomo nomlomo."

ukwelashwa

Okubalulekile, ekwelapheni ukulimala nakho kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. It ngeke ifane kuye umonakalo kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungakwazi zinike siqu usizo lwakho kungenzeka. Ngo iningi zokwelapha kumele aqokwe kuphela udokotela. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchopho ukulimala iphathwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kulokhu, izindleko kuyoba yinto engathi sina. Ngaphansi ukulimala evamile ngokuvamile musa ngisho kudingeka afune usizo kadokotela. Futhi ukuqeda kubo angadingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthokoza izindleko impahla.

imiphumela

Khona-ke, kungase kube imiphumela ukubheduka? Kukhona impendulo ecacile. Konke kuncike onjani umonakalo wayeyindoda. Ngakho, uma kukhona khona yayiyolimaza abavamile noma ilimaze, emva kwesikhathi esithize kule akazange ngisho ukuhlala izikhumbuzo zangaphandle. Uma kwaba nenkinga, imiphumela iyoba. Zingase zingabonakali kusukela ngaphandle. Kodwa nje uhlale ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli cala Waphuka somzimba uvame ukuzikhumbuza yena. Lokhu kuboniswa "ezimazombe" sezulu. Okusemqoka kakhulu imiphumela yokulimala ngemisebe.