Umkhuhlane - kuyinto umthelela izinkanyezi noma izifo ezithathelwanayo

Minyaka yonke, njengoba nje kuza ekwindla engahluziwe abandayo kanye sisibi sezulu iningi lethu Ubamba umkhuhlane, noma umkhuhlane. Lesi isifo yegciwane ukuthi, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo abantu, "ukweba" ngonyaka yethu yonke yezimpilo zabo. Ngakho kungani ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kobusika, kuqhathaniswa kulungele nathi "kubeka" amaviki ambalwa embhedeni umkhuhlane? Yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze agule? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule le mibuzo, ake ukhumbule ukuthi leli Umkhuhlane, incazelo kanye lavelaphi.

Lokho kusho

Igama elilungile: "Umkhuhlane", kodwa ngesiRashiya igxilile ifomu olungalungile izwi - "Umkhuhlane". Kusukela Kwathi Italian ngesiRashiya, kanye ngezilimi eziningi zaseYurophu. Kukhona nemibono eziningana mayelana nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani izwi.

Omunye wabo uthi ososayensi ephakathi odokotela bahlulekile ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo ezweni, nababhula ngezinkanyezi okunikelwe version owawuthi kwelungiselelo elikhethekile kwezindikimba zasezulwini kungathinta abantu futhi abangele umqedazwe. Ukuhumusha ngqo kusuka Umkhuhlane Italian kusho "umthelela, kubika iKickOff.com ngoLwesithathu."

Enye inguqulo ye prosaic ngaphezulu. Ngokusho lokhu umkhuhlane - is esifushanisiwe nezwi elilodwa inkulumo Italian - ". Umphumela amakhaza" Umkhuhlane di fredo, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba Lokhu lakhe labizwa ngokuthi bonke imikhuhlane nezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuvela ngazo kwakuhambisana nezinga hypothermia. Kwezokwelapha, kuleli hlandla lokuphatha mayime iqine emva ukuphela kwaso umkhuhlane XVIII leminyaka.

Ajwayeleke kunawo wonke futhi esetshenziswa kithi egameni le "umkhuhlane" Kamuva kwezwakala kakhulu lathathwa lapho bekhuluma isiFulentshi.

Siyini ngempela lesi sifo

Umkhuhlane noma imfuluwenza - kuthinta abantu ipheshana zokuphefumula acute izifo ezithathelwanayo, yeqembu elikhulu, ngokuthi sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (Ari). Kubanga izifo ortomiksovirusov - Myxovirus influenzae. Izazi zesayensi ziye zakhomba ezintathu izinhlobo zako ezisemqoka, ngalinye elikwazi kuyahluka kakhulu e oyiyo kusuka kwenye: A, B no-C Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuvuselela noma zigonyelwe iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo, unga "catch" enye futhi futhi iyagula.

Umlando omncane

Abenza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane - isifo yesimanje. Bexabana ukuthi indoda bakudala wahlushwa kubo, kunzima, ngoba lesi sifo akabashiyi ekulimaleni kwesakhiwo sangaphandle ku amathambo lwamathambo omuntu. Nokho, imithombo eminingi ebhalwe zibonisa ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1,000, isintu uhlushwa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Academician VM Zhdanov uthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakukhona okungenani 13 esiwubhadane futhi abangaba ngu-500 kubhubhane Umkhuhlane.

Ezinjalo abalobi basendulo njengoba Diofor, Tit Livy futhi inhlanganiso yocezuningi echazwe lezi zifo lapho iziguli banda elibukhali lokushisa ngokwanele ngokuningiliziwe, muscle and ikhanda, ukungakhululeki emphinjeni. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane - isifo esithathelanayo kakhulu iyabhebhetheka abanye ezindaweni, futhi kujabulise wonke amazwe futhi amazwekazi.

Ubufakazi kokuqala okubhaliwe ubhubhane umkhuhlane-like, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane Italian" futhi kwasakazekela kubantu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, libhekisela 1580.

Igama elithi "Umkhuhlane" isifo sifo singezinye ngemva kweminyaka 1780-1782. Ngokusho kwenye imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka igama, walibumba is kusukela lesiLatin elithi influere, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukusakaza, angena" ebonisa ngempela ijubane esiphelweni kanye ukuzuma kuqala.

Imiqedazwe Umkhuhlane (Umkhuhlane) kuphakama kaningi, kodwa kwakukhula kuze kube inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke, zingabantu kathathu ukuba emine eyikhulu zibizwa ngokuthi ubhadane lwezifo.

Imiqedazwe futhi ubhadane lwezifo izinsuku zethu

Emlandweni wanamuhla, kukhona okulandelayo, ubhadane elidumile kakhulu:

• "Umkhuhlane waseSpain" e 1918-1920, kubangelwa igciwane le-H1N1, wathatha ku ukulinganisa anolaka izimpilo zabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20;
• bhubhane zeminyaka 1957-1958, okubizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane Asian kubangelwa igciwane H2N2, ibulale abantu abangu-1 million
• okubangelwa H3N2 uhlobo Hong Kong umkhuhlane we 1968-1969 sabulala abantu abangaba 34 000;
• umkhuhlane Russian 1977-1978 inkathi.

Abanye abacwaningi bavame zokuhlukanisa nabo kungaphenduka ngo-1997 "inyoni" futhi ngo-2009 "umkhuhlane wezingulube", kodwa ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba umqedazwe.