Platform East European: ukuma nesimo sendawo. Mineral izinsiza yesikhulumi East European

Iningi indawo yaseYurophu elingana Russia, kanye kwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane etholakala endaweni zamazwekazi ungqimba lomhlaba, okuthiwa platform East-European. Landform lapha ikakhulukazi flat, nakuba zikhona ezehlukile, okuyinto sixoxa ngezansi. Lokhu platform ingenye endala ku zokwakheka emhlabeni umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ake sihlolisise, kuba kwamaphaphu East European Platform, okuyinto namaminerali imali kulo, kanye Iyini inqubo lasungulwa.

indawo

Okokuqala, thola ukuthi yilapho lokhu kumiswa umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

platform East European lasendulo, noma njengoba ibizwa, platform isiRashiya, itholakala ezindaweni kwendawo eMpumalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu. It ithatha ingxenye European yeRussia, kanye insimu lamazwe alandelayo angomakhelwane: Ukraine, eBelarus, eLatvia, eLithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, ingxenye Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan naseNorway.

Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye yesikhulumi lasendulo East-European kudlulela ukwakheka Caledonian orogeny eNorway, ku umkhawulo wayo osempumalanga ezintabeni Ural, enyakatho - Arctic Ocean, nangaseningizimu kweBlack Sea yoLwandle iCaspian, kanye elaliphansi kwamagquma Carpathians, eCrimea ne eCaucasus (umSkithe isitofu).

Le ndawo Imininingwane yesikhulumi imayelana 5500 sq. M. km.

Umlando

landforms Tectonic East European Ipulatifomu kukhona phakathi endala kakhulu emhlabeni indlela okwakheke ngayo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-platform namanje lapho ngezikhathi zangaphambi eCambria.

Ngaphambi kumiswa olulodwa kuzisebenzi zomhlaba izwekazi Pangea endaweni yesikhulumi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi izwekazi ahlukene - baltika. Ngemva kokuhlakazwa platform Pangea bekuyingxenye Laurasia, futhi ngemva ngokuhlukana we yokugcina - ingxenye Eurasia, okuyinto namuhla.

Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, ukwakheka laligcwele amadwala sedimentary ukuthi obakheka ngale ndlela ngempumuzo yesikhulumi East European.

Isiteji

Njengazo zonke ezisekelweni lasendulo, kumila East European egumbini crystalline. Phezu phezu izigidi zeminyaka ukwakha ungqimba yamadwala sedimentary. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo, isisekelo kuziwa kwamanzi, ukwakha panel crystalline.

On kule nsimu isihlangu ezimbili (eningizimu - isihlangu Ukrainian enyakatho-ntshonalanga - aseBaltic Isihlangu), okumelelwe kwi zomhlaba ibalazwe ipuleti.

East European Plain

Hlobo luni ebusweni iyingxenyekazi East-European? landforms lingama inamagquma futhi flat. It libhekene alternation anamagquma (200-300 m) kanye Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Isilinganiso engamamitha -Araba, okuthiwa East-European, kuyinto 170 ukuphakama.

Eastern Europe (noma Russian) Plain iyona into elikhulu uhlobo ethafeni eYurophu nase enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. endaweni yayo ithatha amaningi ala masimu yesikhulumi Russian futhi imayelana 4000 sq. M. km. It osuka khona oLwandle iBaltic futhi Finland futhi kubandakanya entshonalanga eziNtabeni Zase-Ural empumalanga for 2500 km, futhi kusukela kwamadwala Arctic Ocean enyakatho (uBarents nokumhlophe) kuya Black, iCaspian kanye Azov ezilwandle eningizimu 2,700 km. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba yingxenye nakakhulu emikhulu iphrojekthi, othiwa Omkhulu European Plain, esukela Atlantic Ocean kanye izintaba zasePyrenees Izintaba eFrance eziNtabeni Zase-Ural. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuphakama isilinganiso Russian Plain kuyinto 170 metres, kodwa iphuzu yayo eliphakeme ifinyelela 479 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Itholakala WaseRussia Bugulma-Bebeley amagquma yasehlanzeni yezintaba zase-Ural.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni isihlangu Ukrainian, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi esisogwini ethafeni isiRashiya, wokuthokoza kukhona uhlobo okukhipha yamadwala crystalline yesikhulumi elisekela ngaphandle. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Priazovskaya egqumeni, indawo ephakeme kuzo (Belmak-Tomb) kuyinto 324 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ngesisekelo Russian Plain iyingxenyekazi East-European, okuyinto izakhiwo zomhlaba lwasendulo. Futhi lokhu kungenxa sezwe flat.

Ezinye izinto zosizo

Kodwa Russian Plain akuyona kuphela inhlangano yezemvelo equkethe platform East-European. Landform lapha kuthatha kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Lena isici ikakhulukazi imingcele platform.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwedlulele enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye esiteji eNorway, eSweden futhi IFinland aseBaltic crystalline isihlangu. Lapha, eningizimu yeSweden, elise Sredneshvedskaya elisezansi. Ubude ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, ngokulandelana elilingana 200 km kanye km 500 zayo. Ukuphakama lapha ngaphansi kwama-200 m.

Kodwa enyakatho Sweden kanye Finland elise ithafa Norland. ukuphakama kwalo obuyisilinganiselo 800 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Upland libhekene encane indawo Norwegian okuhlanganisa yesikhulumi East European. Landform ke uba uhlamvu sezintaba. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba ngomqanso entshonalanga liya ezintabeni ngempela, onegama zaseScandinavia. Kodwa lezi zintaba kakade lisuselwa orogeny Caledonian, akuhlobene ngqo nalabo abachazwe yesikhulumi Ukubuyekeza njengoba kuboniswe ebalazweni zomhlaba.

emfuleni

Manje sibheke amadamu main okuyinto zitholakala endaweni ngaphansi platform cwaningo. Phela, nabo basuke, futhi, kukhona impumuzo-izici.

Umfula elikhulu yesikhulumi East European futhi yonke iYurophu iyona iVolga. Ubude bayo 3530 km, kanye pool endaweni kwezigidi ezingu 1.36 sq. M. km. Lokhu umfula ugeleza khona ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, kuyilapho Emazweni angomakhelwane obumba okuhambisanayo ifomu impumuzo kwimfunda Russia. IVolga uyothela oLwandle iCaspian.

Omunye umfula platform enkulu isiRashiya Dnieper. Ubude bayo 2287 km. Yena, efana iVolga, uvela enyakatho kuya eningizimu, kodwa, ngokuphambene udadewabo walo eside, ongawi yoLwandle iCaspian kanye oLwandle Olumnyama. Umfula ugeleza badabula leyo ndawo lamazwe amathathu: Russia, Belarus ne-Ukraine. Nge cishe isigamu ubude bayo uwela ncamashi ku Ukraine.

Okunye emifuleni emikhulu futhi owaziwa yesikhulumi Russian kuzomele sifake Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), i-Bug Southern (806 km), Neva (74 km), owumthelela Don eDonets (1053 km), owumthelela iVolga Oka (1499 km) kanye Kama (-2030 km).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga iningi platform ku Sea, emfuleni iDanube. Ubude lo mfula mkhulu 2960 km, kodwa cishe ngokuphelele kuthatha kithi nangale kwemingcele yesikhulumi cwaningo, kanye kuphela umlomo iDanube isendaweni insimu yalo.

emachibini

Kukhona ensimini ka platform Russian futhi echibini. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke babo esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia. Kuyinto angenasawoti echibini yaseYurophu ngobukhulu Ladoga (endaweni ayizinkulungwane 17,9 sq. Km.) Futhi Lake Onega (ayizinkulungwane 9.7 sq. Km.).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eningizimu ye Platform Russian elise iCaspian Sea, okuyinto, eqinisweni, kuyinto echibini usawoti. Kuyinto umzimba ngobukhulu yamanzi ezweni elingamthathi ngokungathí ukufinyelela izilwandle zomhlaba. endaweni yaso 371,0 sq. M. km.

amaminerali

Manje ake sihlole indawo eyodwa namaminerali yesikhulumi East European. I yembathani le ndawo igcwele kakhulu izipho. Ngakho, empumalanga ye-Ukraine futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia ingenye imicengezi amalahle esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - Donbass.

Ensimini ka-Ukraine okuyizinyanga Krivoy rog yensimbi kanye manganese Nikopol amachibi. Lezi ezifakwa ezihlobene ne ukufinyelela kobuso isihlangu Ukraine. Okuningi yensimbi izitolo endaweni ye eKursk Anomaly Magnetic eRussia. Nokho, akukho isihlangu wahamba ngaphandle, kodwa wanyenya eduze kakhulu kwamanzi.

Endaweni ye iCaspian Basin, kanye e Tatarstan, zikhona izimali ezifakwa kahle esikhulu lamafutha. Futhi kulezi zindawo southern uwoyela negesi esifundeni e-Ukraine.

On the Kola Peninsula apatite sezisunguliwe ukukhiqizwa ngezinga ezimbonini.

Empeleni, lawa namaminerali oyinhloko yesikhulumi East European.

Nenhlabathi of Platform Russian

Inhlabathi evundile kukhona platform East European? Yebo, kule ndawo omunye nenhlabathi evundile kakhulu emhlabeni. Ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezibalulekile inhlabathi zitholakala eningizimu maphakathi Ukraine, kanye neBlack Umhlaba esifundeni Russia. Zibizwa ngokuthi umhlaba omnyama. Lona inhlabathi evundile kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ihlathi inhlabathi okuzala, ezifana grey, okuyinto zitholakala enyakatho chernozems itsatfwa aphansi.

izici Jikelele yesikhulumi

Amafomu impumuzo Russian kuhluke ngempela ezihlukahlukene enkulu. Phakathi kwabo endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala emathafeni. platform nje East European kudala eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu flat. Kuphela azungeze zingatholakala ithafa kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa kwaqala kudala yalesi yesikhulumi, engasatholi kukhona izinqubo orogenic futhi weathering amagquma eshelelayo ezazikhona lapha eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule.

Isifunda libusiswe nenqwaba namaminerali. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukwaba ezifakwa kwamalahle kanye nsimbi, ngokuya lapho platform Russian ingenye abaholi bezwe. Kukhona futhi zigcine lamafutha namanye amaminerali.

Nasi isici jikelele kubonakala platform East European, nesimo sendawo yayo, amaminerali agcinwe kule ingaphakathi, kanye izici ezindawo ka ndawo. Yiqiniso, kuleli zwe elibusisekile, alinikela izakhamuzi zalo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuthi uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, kuyoba ukhiye eya ekuchumeni.