Uyini ihlathi Boreal? amahlathi coniferous ka ehlathini: incazelo, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Le ndawo ngobukhulu zemvelo eRussia ehlathini. amahlathi coniferous ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi "amaphaphu Zomhlaba", ngoba kuzo kuncike isimo emoyeni, umoya-mpilo ibhalansi ne-carbon dioxide. Lapha basuke bagxila izinsiza ocebile izingodo, imali amaminerali, eziningi zazo avulekele kuze kube yilolu suku.

Indawo eRussia

strip Wide lenzelwa ezweni lethu, leli hlathi. amahlathi coniferous okuningi yeSiberia (East, West), Urals, iBaikal esifundeni, eMpumalanga Ekude kanye Altai ezintabeni. Umsuka walo zone livele komngcele waseRussia entshonalanga, ke welula ePacific Ocean - Japan futhi Okhotsk kwezilwandle.

amahlathi coniferous ka ehlathini asemingceleni kwezinye izingxenye zezulu. Enyakatho, basuke ngokuhlanganiswa emathafeni, entshonalanga - ne amahlathi ezibanzi enezicabha. Kwamanye amadolobha kukhona empambana ehlathini nge asemaqeleni namahlathi okuxubile.

Indawo eYurophu

Coniferous ehlathini emahlathini ungambozi kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe angaphandle. Phakathi kwabo - emazweni zaseScandinavia, Canada. Ezweni ehlathini afanayo hlala insimu enkulu futhi kubhekwa endaweni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Emkhawulweni biome itholakala ohlangothini iningizimu yesiqhingi of Hokkaido (Japan). Ohlangothini olusenyakatho is iphahlwe Taimyr. Leli lungiselelo kungenxa isikhundla ehamba phambili ehlathini-elide kakhulu phakathi nezinye izindawo zemvelo.

Isimo sezulu

Vala biome itholakala zokuzamazama ezimbili zezulu - esipholile futhi Arctic. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu ehlathini. Isimo sezulu esipholile senza inikeza zasehlobo ezifudumele. Amazinga isilinganiso endaweni yemvelo ehlobo 20 degrees ngenhla zero. emoyeni Cold arctic kuthinta ngokuphazima kweso lapho izinga lokushisa futhi sithinta Ubusika Boreal, emoyeni kungenzeka lapha selehlile 45 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya Ukubhoboza waphawula ngaso sonke isikhathi konyaka.

Coniferous ehlathini emahlathini zinezikhathi umswakama high ngenxa indawo marshland kanye simo esishubile ongaphakeme. Ehlobo iningi kwezulu uwela ngesimo izimvula ezincane futhi ezisindayo. Ebusika iqhwa - ukushuba of ungqimba salo 50-80 amasentimitha, hhayi ancibilike ke izinyanga 6-7. ESiberia kukhona eyiqhwa.

Izici

I enkulu, omude kunayo yonke futhi elicebe endaweni yemvelo - ehlathini. amahlathi coniferous ukumboza kwezigidi ezingu nanhlanu amakhilomitha square komhlaba endaweni Zomhlaba! Ububanzi zone eYurophu eyayiyingxenye amakhilomitha 800, eSiberia - ezingaphezu kuka-2 ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha.

Kumiswa emahlathini ehlathini waqala ngenkathi eledlule, ngaphambi kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa encibilika. Nokho, ukuhlaziya eningiliziwe izici endaweni futhi wathola kuphela 1898 sibonga P. N. Krylovu, ngubani kuchazwe welithi "ehlathini", futhi washayelwa izici zako ezisemqoka.

Ikakhulukazi ocebile biome yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi. Lapha zivela emifuleni abadumile Russian - the iVolga, uLena Kama, Northern Dvina nabanye. Cross hlathi Yenisey kanye ob. Emahlathini coniferous ka kwesigubhu waseRussia ngobukhulu elise - ahambisanayo namaklabhu, Rybinsk, Kama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlathini khona kwamanzi amaningi ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho ichaza predominance kwamaxhaphozi (ikakhulukazi enyakatho Siberia nase-Canada) kukhona. Ngenxa ngesimo sezulu esihle futhi hydration ezanele, lapha kukhona ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ezimileni.

ehlathini subzone

Nature Area ihlukaniswe sub-esishintshashintshayo ezintathu, okuyinto zihlukile izimo zezulu, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

• North. Elinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lapha, ebusika nokhahlo ehlobo cool. izindawo Huge komhlaba elalihlala marshland. Amahlathi ezimweni eziningi, undersized, kukhona sonwele naphakathi, zikaphayini.
• Isilinganiso. Libhekene ngokulinganisela. Isimo sezulu esipholile - zasehlobo ezifudumele, abandayo, kodwa hhayi ebusika nesithwathwa. Bogs sebuningini izinhlobo ezahlukene. nomswakama eliphezulu. Izihlahla ukuphakama evamile, ikakhulukazi zihlume sonwele-billberry.
• ENingizimu. Lapha kukhona nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezimila, amahlathi coniferous. Ehlathini admixture uye enezicabha izihlahla futhi broadleaf zilwane. Isimo sezulu, nehlobo elifudumele ezahlukene hot, okuyinto ihlala cishe izinyanga ezine. waterlogging encishisiwe.

izinhlobo zamahlathi

Kuye izimila kukhona izinhlobo eziningana ehlathini. Khona-ke abakhululiwe main amahlathi ukukhanya coniferous kanye coniferous. Nge izihlahla kukhona izimfunda ukuthi sekukhona kusayithi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.

• uhlobo coniferous. Ikakhulu basakaza eSiberia. Liphinde ezitholakala kwezinye izindawo (Urals, Canada). Akhiwe sezulu zone ngqo Continental, libhekene kwezulu amaningi nobumnene izimo zezulu. Omunye zinhlobo isihlahla obujwayelekile zikaphayini - heliophilous ehlathini ummeleli. Lezi emahlathini libanzi futhi egqamile. Larch - olunye uhlobo ezivamile. Woods kodwa alula kakhulu kunomoya zikaphayini. izihlahla ziyahlukahluka ezingavamile, "emahlozini" enjalo ngakho umuzwa emaphandleni evulekile.
• Dark uhlobo coniferous - okuvame kakhulu enyakatho Yurophu izintaba zokhahlamba (njenge-Alps, ama-Altai Izintaba, le Carpathians). indawo Its itholakala endaweni esipholile entabeni sezulu, libhekene nomswakama eliphezulu. It ubuswa fir nesihlahla sonwele kuyinto zokhuni bungavami, amnyama zikaphayini coniferous.

izwe yemifino

Emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, akekho wabelane izindawo zemvelo nokuhlukile yabo futhi izici ayaziwa. Ngenhlanhla, kuze kube manje, i-geography sifundwa ngokuningiliziwe, futhi nalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lutholakala. Ehlathini ihlathi lezihlahla - izihlahla, izitshalo, izihlahla ... Kuyini flora alandisa ezithakazelisayo kulendawo?

Ehlathini - eliphuphile noma kungekho esinindolweni, okuyinto ngenxa yokuntuleka ekukhanyeni, ikakhulukazi emahlozini amnyama. Kukhona moss ukufana - njengoba umthetho, kungatholakala khona ukubonakala oluhlaza kuphela. Growing nezihlahla - currants, umjunipha nezihlahla into encane - cranberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ihlathi uhlobo incike izimo zezulu. Ukuze ngasentshonalanga ehlathini libhekene ukubusa sonwele kanye eSiberia. Ezindaweni sezintaba zihlume amahlathi sonwele-fir. Ngasempumalanga yelula larches cluster. coast Okhotsk Ngokubona ukwahlukahlukana ocebile zemithi. Ngaphezu abameleli AmaConifers, igcwele ehlathini futhi izihlahla lezihlahla. amahlathi ezixutshiwe yakhiwa e-aspen, Alder birch.

I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ehlathini

I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ehlathini emahlathini coniferous wehlukile futhi eyingqayizivele. Lihlala ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Akukho lapho kukhona critters eziningi kangaka ubuka, kuhlanganise Ermine, Sable, unogwaja, uchakide. Isimo sezulu mahle izilwane umzimba, kodwa engamukeleki izidalwa nongenanembeza ngoba. Ehlathini uhlalwe ambalwa nje zama-kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Inombolo yabo ongaphakeme elihlobene ne-umnkantsha ngalobo busika. Zonke ezinye izakhamuzi sebejwayele ukuba nenkathi ebandayo. Abanye bangene basebusika noma utiligi, ne ikhono lazo uphile braked.

Ngutiphi tilwane emahlathini coniferous? Ehlathini, lapho zokukhosela eziningi izilwane inala yokudla, libhekene khona ezidla ezifana lynx, Ibhere elinsundu, impisi, impungushe. Phila lapha ungulates - izinyamazane, inyathi, amaphiva, izinyamazane. On amagatsha emithi nangaphansi bukhoma namagundane - beaver, izingwejeje, amagundane, chipmunks.

izinyoni

Ngo amahlozi isidleke ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezinyoni. A ezihlukahlukene ekhethekile ebonwe ehlathini empumalanga - liyikhaya grouse ukhuni, hazel grouse Kunezinhlobo eziningi izikhova futhi Iziqophamithi. Amahlathi zinezikhathi umswakama high kanye amachibi eminingi, ngakho lapha ezidumile ikakhulukazi abavamile Waterfowl. Abanye abameleli expanses coniferous kufanele uthuthe ebusika eningizimu, lapho izimo khona kahle. Phakathi kwabo, eSiberia Thrush futhi ihlathi songster.

Indoda okukhulunywa ngayo ihlathi

Izinto ezenziwa abantu akuyona siyazuzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba isimo nemvelo. imililo eziningi ezibangelwa ngobudlabha nabantu bengacabangeli ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nezimayini kuholela ukuncipha ubukhulu kwamahlathi emhlabeni wesilwane.

Bekha amajikijolo, amakhowe, amantongomane - isigaba ejwayelekile, ethandwa phakathi bendawo, okuyinto for ehlathini ekwindla ezaziwayo. amahlathi coniferous kukhona umphakeli enkulu izinkuni imithombo. Lapha kukhona ezifakwa ezinkulu kwemithombo yemvelo (uwoyela, igesi, amalahle). Ngenxa umhlabathi omanzi evundile, ezindaweni eseningizimu nezokulima ezithuthukileko. Isakazwe zizalela isilwane nokuzingela izilwane zasendle.