Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado" Pukirev: Umlando kanye nencazelo

I Maphakathi nekhulu XIX eRussia kwaphawulwa ukuvela okubizwa ngokuthi umakoti-Isipho. Imindeni amasentshana isilinganiso ngezikhathi uzizwa isidingo, imali akuyona inkinga njalo ngokwanele ngisho izidingo zokuphila. Izingane ekhula sikhathi, izinga ukwanda, futhi isabelomali umndeni akazange ukuhambisana. imindeni Onzima wahlala, lapho kwakukhona namadodakazi eziningana, ngoba zonke intombazane wafuna ukuba sigqoke kahle, futhi-ke abiza ngempela eqolo.

Against isizinda ukuphila wesiyaluyalu kwaphakama izinkinga zomkhaya futhi, ekugcineni, abazali waqala ukufuna indlela yokuphuma yalesi simo. engu-Nesishiyagalombili-indodakazi ubuhle, njengoba umthetho, esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe abalandeli abakulungele bawunakekele ngisho ukushada. Kwakumelwe ikakhulukazi dandies abasha ngedatha ezinhle zangaphandle, kodwa akukho lwetimali. Abazali bakhe bazama ukuthola kwakhe nomkhwenyana acebile, nomakoti yena wayazi ukuthi umyeni wakhe nguye ezikweletini ayidingeki. Nokho, isikhathi sihamba ngokushesha, amantombazane amaningi angashada ayikwazanga ukuthola injabulo wahlala ungashadile. Grooms kwakunganele, labo ababengaba ama ukwenza iphathi intombazane ehloniphekile, kwakungelula ukuthola abantu ngabo zalwa ekuzingeleni yangempela.

Ngomshado lula

Musa njalo jikela eyingoduso le nsizwa amahle kuvikelwe, ngokuvamile ukudumazeka iphutha emavikini ekucala ukuphola. Bese siya phambili omakoti zakudala amadala, ekulungele ukuhola yezinto unsophisticated intombi. Khehla ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa, lutho daunted, wooed, baxoxisana abazali wanikela tibalo fabulous. Yiqiniso, ubuhle abasha ayikwazanga ukwamukela leyo ntuthuko bagongobaliswe exhegwini, kodwa abazali bakhe bayashesha oda ingubo yomshado. Kulokhu, lo mama watshela le ndodakazi yakhe: "Ingabe uya ukushada, isikhathi ... Kunalokho, kudingeka ukuba aphile." Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuqwasha, izinyembezi girlish, nokucela, kodwa abazali kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngokuvamile le ntombazane uzame ukuzibulala, kodwa ngeke ayoshada nendoda okunenzondo ubudala.

Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado": umlando

Ngo-1863, ngesikhathi eMoscow art zezemfundo embukisweni ethulwa umsebenzi umculi osemusha Vasiliya Pukireva, okuyinto wadala furor. Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado" sanikezelwa isihloko imishado ophoqelelwe emphakathini Russian yesikhathi. Nokho, ngomqondo zenhlalo-ezingokwengqondo, inkinga engakaze ibonwe, ahlupheka kuphela umakoti, nomkhwenyana ukuhlukunyezwa inzondo okuyinto kwadingeka akhuthazelele. intshisekelo yezimali, isifiso ukuchitha okuningi okuhle kwabazali baphoqeleka ukuba kubeke engcupheni inzuzo indodakazi yakhe. Umbhali we mdwebo "The ngokungalingani Umshado" wakusola kwezentengiselwano umphakathi waseRussia. ojenene Asebekhulile abaye ebhekisisa ngaphezulu ngokwabo ukuzilwela umakoti osemusha waqala enye by ukuphonsa ithawula umshado wakhe.

lomshado

Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado", incazelo okuyinto eqala ukwazana nabalingiswa ngokuningiliziwe, kubonisa scene lomshado eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox. Twilight yesonto altare kancane ehlakazekile ukukhanya okuvela iwindi. Sekukonke, isithombe "I ngokungalingani Umshado" kunikeza umbono wokungabi nathemba. Maphakathi umkhwenyana osemdala, begqoke i suit ezibizayo, nge ukuma ezingezona ezemvelo, kusekelwa corset ezihambisanayo. Shona ngokulambisa iphendula, sandwiched collar okusezingeni eliphezulu, amehlo zibuthuntu ukubukeka abazidlayo emhlabeni ezungeze, esifubeni shining indondo kuya-oda entanyeni. Le miklomelo ngokucacile okungalungile emshadweni ozoba sesontweni. Le ndoda endala uzama ukubheka ukuphakama umakoti wakhe olingana jikelele, kodwa ngilusizi, nakuba ngizama ukwenza sengathi izinto engenhla elukhuni.

Kunzima ukuqonda Psychology amaqhawe bagongobaliswe, ngoba, cishe, futhi kwake kwaba indodakazi wayefuna ukushada kahle. Ngemva kwakhe ekuphileni isikhathi eside, lapho kwakukhona eziningi ezinhle njenganoma yikuphi indoda. Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe lokhu abanonya, callousness yekwakha abasebasha?

umakoti

Uhlamvu eziphawuleka kakhulu picture - intombazanyana - eyabhalwa umculi ngokucophelela. Umakoti - namanje ngempela ingane, ikhanda wakhothama, okumenza ebambe izinyembezi kulolu suku okumunyu kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe. ubuso Mnene nokuntula curls ezimhlophe ikhandlela esidabukisayo ingalo izimisele yezingane, wax drips yokugqoka lwayo lomshado. nomkhwenyana okunenzondo eduze kakhulu, enomuzwa umphefumulo khona ihlushwe wakhe wentombazane. Ingalo yakhe engakwesokudla sisalokhu kumpristi, ngubani mayelana ukugqoka umunwe mncane indandatho yomshado. Umakoti nandaba, eseneminyaka qakala Isiphelo sakhe siqu. Egqoke ingubo yomshado, yena umhlatshelo yena ukuzuzisa umndeni wakhe, ngoba manje zingasebenzisa bahlala nokuchuma.

umpristi

Umpristi esithombeni okubonisa owayesekhokhoba elahlekile, njengoba uma kwenzeka kudingeke enze umsebenzi elingabongi. Ubheka askance, ukuma esishubile, nemvelo, sakhe ingubo ezifekethisiwe ingubo, ogcwele. Esandleni sakhe sobunxele kudalulwe ncwadi esontweni, iringi kwesokudla is uqale ukucindezela, umpristi ilungele wagqoka umunwe umakoti sika. Mhlawumbe, wake saba nendodakazi, lapho othile wazama ukwephula ukuphila. Umpristi udidekile, kodwa uyala ukuvusela umfowabo igama, ukulungele ukugcwalisa kuze kube sekupheleni.

Schafer nabanye abakhona

Umdwebo ngaphezu umakoti nomkhwenyana, ukuboniswa izinhlamvu eziningana. Ngemuva ngemuva umakoti iyindoda kahle kakhulu buttonhole phezu esimise okwembali wengubo yakhe, wayengumuntu humorless, ngikhathazeke nangokuthi. izenzakalo ezingezona ezemvelo ukuthi eyayembuleka ngaphansi nemengamo yesonto, insizwa icindezele. Eceleni kwakhe kumi indoda, ngokusobala, angabi nandaba kakhulu okwenzekayo. Zonke ezinye izinhlamvu ziboniswe esithombeni, kuyinto abakhulu umkhwenyana, phakathi okuyizinto isikhulu, wabantu nezakhamuzi eziningana.

"Ngoba" futhi "ngokumelene"

A art umhlaziyi owaziwa, Isazi-mlando sezobuciko, uVladimir vasilevich Stasov wabona blade Pukirev, wathi: "Ekugcineni, kwaba khona umsebenzi isihloko sosuku, othathwe ekujuleni zokuphila kwanamuhla."

Nokho, umbono wakhe ayabiwa yibo bonke. Umdwebi wathola eziningi izitha abaqala benihlambalaza kuye sesifundo somuntu hhayi ngokwanele ezijulile isihloko. I cindezela uye wasiphakamisela negagasi impikiswano ngokudalwa Pukirev ukuphikisana. Ekugcineni wavuma ukuthi yena wadala amazulu imidwebo, awusona impumelelo. Ukudalula ngesakhiwo ushiya akekho ngabandayo. Umdwebo Virtuoso, iphethini esiyinhlanganisela, ayalolongwa izici ngokwengqondo umlingisi ngamunye - konke lokhu uye wasiphakamisela ukubaluleka bokubeka umdwebo an ukuphakama engakaze ibonwe. ERussia, umculi omusha abanamakhono - Vasily Pukirev ( "ngokungalingani Umshado"). Incazelo isithombe, ukuhlaziywa kwayo, ngokubona baxgeki ukuvumela ukuba siphethe ukubukeka esifike wobuciko. umphakathi Russian wayekulungele ekulahleni imishado yokuziphatha okubi kwabo.

Umshado ngokungalingani! Usizi nokuhlupheka, ukulahlekelwa ethambile sasekhaya umphefumulo. Bangaki Folk songs ngakuloba mayelana isiphetho Isipho, isabelo ebuhlungu abesifazane abavamile Russian. Izihloko nhlekelele owawusekelwe eminye imisebenzi yobuciko kanye nezincwadi, ezifana play A. N. Ostrovskogo "Kubi Umlobokazi 'isithombe F. Zhuravlev" Ngaphambi umqhele ", V. Makovsky ngendwangu" umqhele. " "Ngokungalingani Umshado", yokudweba Pukirev, wabusa ohlwini. Ngakho, i-motif we lomshado lula sangena zobuciko nokwenza.

ukuqashelwa

Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado" wayebhekwa njengomuntu ngobuciko imidwebo, ngoba kuye Vasiliya Pukireva ukhishwa isihloko Uprofesa umdwebo. Uprofesa Academy kwenza umuntu wabhala isithombe esikhulu, kodwa lokho? Isithombe lapho kungekho umlilo, kungekho ukulwa, awukho umlando wasendulo noma wanamuhla ... bonke entsha ejabule, indaba ephathwayo wanamuhla amandla emali futhi isikhundla lombhali, ngokucacile esashiwo umfanekiso nsizwa emi ngemuva umakoti. Kodwa ngalolo kamuva. Ngemva Lokho kwezwakala Pukirev lonke. Umdwebi eyingoduso emisebenzini yokufundisa, ngempumelelo edala neqembu abanamakhono izinsizwa wazama ukuthuthukisa ithalente lazo elingokwemvelo ezidlulisela ulwazi lwakhe nesipiliyoni.

Abaningi bazibuza ukuthi ubani umculi kufanekiswe esithombeni, eMoscow amahemuhemu. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi ngesisekelo ngesakhiwo ukubeka usizi empilweni umdwebi - umakoti wakhe, bathi, yena onikezwe sicebi ubudala. Isisekelo lesi nokucabanga kwakungelula, kodwa le nguqulo ye oyithandile. Futhi njengoba amahemuhemu die hard, kwathiwa kusungulwe omunye indaba uthando unrequited umdwebi okwesikhathi eside ebhekwa ngezindlela izingqondo Muscovites.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la indaba

empeleni yokudweba "I ngokungalingani Umshado" akazange abe umsuka romantic ezinjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi Vasiliya Pukireva waba umngane oseduze, umdwebi uPetru Shmelkov Painting uthisha. Wayehlala ubumpofu kanye Ngakho-ke, njalo beyofuna umsebenzi namatimu imidwebo yakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi wakwazi ukuthola lokufundiswa endlini abanye ocebile. Ujikeleze umphakathi eliphezulu, Shmelkov wabukela ngokuphindaphindiwe ubuhlobo bomshado babantu obudala omakoti abasha. Waze wenza uchungechunge imidwebo on the subject, abathemba Ngokuzayo ukuzisebenzisa uma ubhala isithombe.

isimemezelo isonto

Ngo-1861, ngo-February, isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto isikhipha umyalo elahla lukhulu yobudala umshado, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wonke umshado wesibili senziwa ngesisekelo ethanda khona impahla. Mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi Shmelkov futhi wasikisela ukuba umngane wakhe isihloko isithombe. Pukirev balithanda umqondo futhi waqala ukushintsha. Ngo ukubonga, yena zaveza Shmelkova eduze indoda engcono. Futhi indima yomuntu engcono echaza yena.

Ngaphezu Vasiliya Pukireva nomngane wakhe Shmelkova, esithombeni kunesinye uhlamvu owaziwa. It Grebenskaya, master ramochnik. Lapho ebona isithombe, ngasheshe ngaqala ukwenza kube isimo, "okuyinto akukenzeki." Kwatholakala ngempela omuhle wobuciko, ehlotshiswe ngentambo esihle enkulu. Ngakho, "I ngokungalingani Umshado" (isithombe Pukirev) wathola yezilungiselelo ayakufanelekela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le Tretyakov Igalari ngaphambilini ozimele imidwebo iqoqo Grebenskaya kuphela.

Imisebenzi umculi

Ngaleso sikhathi, Vasily Pukirev ngempumelelo wayesebenzela umhlobiso ingaphakathi isonto zintathu Ongcwele, ebhuqwini. Basuke izithombe ayisishiyagalolunye yisakhiwo sodumo zadalwa. Ngaphezu art sacral, umculi wahlanganyela portraiture, wadala uchungechunge izithombe zabantu abadumile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathathu Pukirev afundiswe eMoscow School of Painting kanye Ukuqopha.

Ukuwa nokufa umdali

Umkhaya umculi abanamakhono futhi ayizange ithole, kodwa ngokusho kwabanye imibiko wanikela uPraskovya Matveyevna, owesifazane umphefumulo enhle, lowo ophakamise ngaye indima umakoti phakathi umsebenzi Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado". Ukudalulwa kokuhlomula uthando kwaba engaphenduliwe, futhi umculi ukuphila kwakhe konke wedwa. Lokhu kwafeza indima: ibhizinisi kancane kancane yawela labhidlika, imidwebo emisha Demand ayisetshenziswa. Pukirev saqala ukuphuza esikoleni kwadingeka bahambe. Ngaphezu kwalokho - ngaphezulu, umculi walahlekelwa efulethini, ithengiswe yonke impahla yabo futhi baqala ukuphila ezinhlanganweni zosizo ama-handouts. Abangane kuka basiza, kodwa ayikwazanga isikhathi eside. Futhi-June 1, 1890 Vasily Pukirev wafa wedwa eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-58. Wembelwa emathuneni Vagankovsky umculi eMoscow.

"Ngokungalingani Umshado", Umdwebo by Pukirev, manje Tretyakov Gallery, etholakala ekhelini: Moscow, Lavroushinsky Lane, 10. I Museum ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusukela amahora 10 kuya 18.

"Ngokungalingani Umshado", imidwebo, intengo

Kuyi-Internet ungathola kabusha noma iyiphi imidwebo yobuciko. Isimo siba esihlukile namakhophi kombhali yobuciko, kwenziwa ezingeni professional eliphezulu, ezifana umsebenzi amayunithi. Emasayithini ezikhethekile etholakala kokubili ukukhiqizwa kabusha nekhophi kwezobuciko. Izivakashi bavame ukubuza umbuzo, ngubani zaveza "I ngokungalingani Umshado"? Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendwangu edume.

Isitolo online linikeza ikhophi yokuqala wobuciko. Umdwebo "I ngokungalingani Umshado", isithombe posted on cishe zonke Intanethi, amawebhusayithi kanye izinkundla ezihlobene imidwebo, ethengisiwe 28 000-42 000.

izithombe ezifanayo

Ngaphezu Vasiliya Pukireva wobuciko, kukhona Emidwebweni eminingi on isihloko imishado ukungalingani. Umculi firs Zhuravlev wabhala ngo 1874 imidwebo, okuyinto baqhubeka isihloko ekuncipheni nokuziphatha emphakathini Russian. Ikamelo phezu umakoti ukukhala phansi, kakade egqoke ingubo yomshado, omi eduze kukababa engathetheleli. Isiphetho intombazane esasizobhujiswa, emva kwamaminithi ambalwa lizasuswa esontweni futhi uzonikezwa ukushada ugly sicebi ubudala. Isithombe sigcinwa nge-ngokuthi "Ngaphambi lomshado," usho uku Tretyakov Igalari.

Ngo-1894 i-Petersburg umculi uVladimir Makovsky ngesineke "umqhele" kubonisa isihloko ukuwohloka kokuziphatha emphakathini eRussia phakathi nekhulu le-19. On the ngendwangu okubonisa limi ngomumo Russian ubuhle, abasosizini, zibancishe noma yimaphi amathemba alowo ukuphila okujabulisayo. Umdwebo ku Samara Art Museum.