UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine (Libanga 5). Ukubusa uConstantine uMbuso WaseRoma

Man babuse umbuso waya lo mbusi omusha kunzima kakhulu, ngemva kuyisikhathi eside futhi obabayo ojenene ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-4. Inkathi wokubusa uConstantine wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Wakwazi ukuhlela amandla abo ukuze ngokuqinile wagijima kakhulu ukuze abanye ababusi, kokubili ababengaphambi nabalandeli, akayanga ngokuqinile nanoma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa naye.

emisha

Yini zohulumeni kwenziwe wonke uMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine? ohlanga Absolute. Wayefuna ukuba amandla aphelele, kanye le njongo kwakudingekile ukushintsha ukwazi, ngokuya yesimanje, cabanga isithombe esisha. Like esasisandulele, umsunguli Tetrarchy isitayela kanye umsekeli kuyanda kombuso, uDiocletian, lo mbusi omusha baqhubeka futhi kakhulu anda isiqondiso ezikhethwe ngu eyandulela wakhe, kusukela kule ibanga izimiso sokubusa kuka-Augustus okwengeziwe anda.

Ngaphansi entsha izakhi umthetho imperial izimpawu kwamandla ashintshiwe. Lokhu isango ungenziwa kuphela umona. An emisha kwakuwukuthi ukuthi wathatha izintambo umfanekiso imihlaba empumalanga, isiGreki Christian ngesikhathi esisodwa. Liyaziphikisa ezisuka kusukela lokhu, Constantine weyengenandaba. Ngokwemvelo, ukuze sizijwayeze zamagama avumelanayo lezi ezahlukene ethwele amasiko abo izingxenye ayikwazanga, Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, baye exhumene ne isimo esisha eyasungulwa uConstantine.

bokuphakama yangaphandle

Lezi emisha nempumelelo ezihlobene nazo, abakwazanga nomthelela izici zangaphandle kombusi ababefuna ukugcizelela lisebukhazikhazini balo. UConstantine akazange ufisa ukugqoka Toga Roman, futhi bafuna ingubo ezihlotshisiwe. Ngangifuna ukushintsha futhi ngubo: zempi ababusi elula yesosha, esikhundleni zempi okunethezeka. Lapho-ke waya umkhankaso, ke wawuhlotshiswe nasezembathweni igolide nesigqoko okukhulu. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ephawula nokubusa kwayo kweminyaka engu-amabili, waqala ukuvela obala umqhele, okuyinto abatholakele eRoma inani eliphelele uphawu kombuso.

inkulumo-ze anqobe

Ukuziphakamisa sangaphandle obonakaliswe ukwakhiwa emifanekisweni cwe, kunemibhalo nezithombe ku zemali. Lapha futhi kukhona uxhumano izingxenye ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusondela ukuba portrait ababengaphambi isithombe, Augustus Aleksandra Velikogo, kanye ukubukeka izithombe nokubingelela phezu kwekhanda lakhe. izimangalo Lwangaphandle Ubukhulu global umbuso sibonakala ngokwanda izimpawu eziningi engunaphakade, lapho UConstantine ngokwakhe kuhlanganisiwe. "Umbusi waleli zwe" futhi ngaleyo ndlela okhazinyulisiwe njengoba winner bazo zonke izizwe.

UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine bagqugquzela uzowanqoba Sarmatians futhi Goths, amaFrank kanye Alamanni. Liphinde sisekelwe izingqondo izinga jikelele onqobile. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isiqu esithi kaConstantine ( "Invincible") esikhundleni "Winner" - lokhu kuzwakala nzima. Liphinde libhekene kwenqatshwa yayo timphawu noma imfanelo isihloko saphezulu, ngoba uye wahlanganisa zonke izinkolo.

I kombusi

UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine ubhekene nesinqumo: noma ukuqhubeka ukubukwa yamasiko zohulumeni noma cha? Phela, kwaba on kuwukuziphikisa futhi kungaba aluhambisani nawo umbono wamaKristu. UNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi yini kubiza i-emperor ukwenza ukusilela. It ivumela ukwakhiwa kwethempeli yokudumisa Flavian lwamakhosi, okungukuthi, eqinisweni, behlonipha yakhe. Kodwa nge amalunga isakhiwo akufanele zingcoliswe yini ezinye izinkolelo-ze lobugebengu nababi. Iphinde akuvimbeli inhlangano zamehlo waseshashalazini futhi yayisetshenziselwa nezimpi zezilwi njalo.

ubulungiswa

UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine waqala athobele imithetho emisha. Ukunqunywa uConstantine amandla ibonakale ukuphazamiseka emthethweni nobulungisa. Isinqumo, okuyinto kwenziwa e 318, wabapha izimemezelo imperial izinga lomthetho, okuyinto eyaba kwezinkambiso wamukela ngenhla. Izinhlinzeko main omthetho, Amathrendi nezitayela kwakungafanele iyunifomu. Bona Bahlala nonya kakhulu isandla ezingalindelekile futhi Amathrendi zezenhlalakahle mayelana imiqondo yendabuko umthetho.

izinyathelo okwedlulele ngokumelene nomthetho kwahluka uMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine. Ibanga 5 - ke esikoleni ukutadisha lesi sihloko. Izinhlawulo angase asetshenziswe eyayihlanganisa ukuthunga isikhwama izinyoka, ngemva kwalokho-ke uyakhishwa olwandle noma umhosha. Kodwa izinyathelo ezinqala kangaka zithathwa kuphela maqondana abathumbi izingane nezilwane, patricide namasela. Futhi wamshaya ukwesaba ukufa isigwebo. Ngokomthetho, ukuphinga, ukuthandana nomshado nge ukungalingani ngokwayo (okungukuthi, phakathi khulula nenceku) ezifanelwe yisigwebo sokufa.

Kodwa futhi kwenye isimemezelo wathi lawo bagwetshwa ezimayini noma izimpi yayisetshenziselwa nezimpi zezilwi, akufanele athole inhlamba ebusweni, njengoba sidalwe ngomfanekiso ubuso ezulwini akufanele spoilt. Ukusuka kuchungechunge efanayo kwemithetho ukuthi wangena nsuku zonke ungabona elangeni.

UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi koMbusi uConstantine ezahlala isimo senceku, lesikhungo lobugqila ayizange ithuthuke. Kodwa liye uchitshiyelwe, phakathi kokunye, Constantine wabiza ukwelashwa ngokulinganisela yezigqila, nomkhawulo sokuhanjelwa kwabo. Futhi izinceku ukuthi wadala umndeni, asikwazanga ahlukaniswe amandla ukudayiswa. Ukuvikelwa komphakathi lithuthukile sibonga imithetho sivikelwe, ukwandisa amalungelo ababheki. izinyathelo zithathiwe esivuna abantwana, eyayihunyushwe watshala.

UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine

Kafushane umsebenzi wakhe kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela:

• izinyathelo Ephoqelekile ukuvikela isimo kusukela zithi njalo bakhona kwaba isidingo sokuhlale bayibutho elikhulu ku imingcele. NamaQaba kwamaGreki namaRoma ngokuthi abantu abalulimi lwabo futhi ukuziphatha bona abanandaba noma ukuqonda, uwabheka ukuba bangahloniphi nabangafundile. Ikakhulukazi kokuthola izifundazwe entshonalanga zombuso, lapho besola ezizweni zamaJalimane. ojenene aseRoma ayedinga oqinile futhi walwela sobukhosi.
• Ifaka colones emhlabathini. Amakholomu siphila nakakhulu, ngoba manje kwadingeka ukuba hhayi kuphela ukunikeza umnikazi we-isivuno somhlaba, kodwa futhi ukuba sikhokhe intela yengcebo yasebukhosini. Ngakho-ke, waqala ukuhlakazeka kuzo zonke izindawo. Umbusi wakhipha isimemezelo lapho wabenqabela coloni ashiye izwe, ngoba ababelwe kuwo. izingane zabo kufanele ezicela ukuba lelo zwe abazali babo wasebenza.
• Wadala izimo sokuthuthukiswa ukholo lobuKristu, uMbuso wamaRoma ngaphansi uConstantine (Grade Uhlelo 5 esikoleni inikeza ulwazi ngakho). Lapho imithetho Constantine, baba amaKristu ngaphezulu. Amakholwa lomuzi ngamunye wakhetha umpristi. Wabutha abapristi kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko, inhloko lesifunda amaKristu, yayibizwa ngokuthi umbhishobhi (umbonisi wesifunda). Umsebenzi wokugcina kwaba isikhathi ukuba sithonye iziphathimandla eRoma ukuthi amaKristu awekho esiyingozi futhi sizithandazele kanye nezisebenzi. Ekugcineni, Constantine realized ukuthi they ningabizi abantu isinyathelo sakhe sobukhosi futhi Empire yakhe. Ngakho wakhipha umyalo ovumela amaKristu ukuba akhuleke emphakathini futhi ukwakha amathempeli.

Inhlokodolobha entsha

Yini thina namanje iyalandisa (Libanga 5)? UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi uConstantine ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. UMbusi akakuthandanga eRoma, ngakho wahlala kweminye imizi. Wathuthela inhlokodolobha eseRoma emzini waseGrisi wayiyisa eByzantium, yayisethafeni osebeni Bosphorus Strait. Kukhona izindlela ezimbili eziphambene, amanzi kanye nezwe. Inhlokodolobha entsha phathelana aguqulwe amehlo akhe, ezakhiwa izigodlo nezindlu, amapayipi amanzi nge zokugeza, izinkundla zemidlalo, esekisini, kanye obuKristu. City ngokunethezeka ehlotshisiwe - kusukela umbuso kwalethwa eziqoshiwe amahle amakholomu. Kwathi ngonyaka 330, ngesikhathi inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseRoma wathuthela eConstantinople.