Umbusi lokugcina China: igama, biography

Umbusi lokugcina China - Pu Yi - i sibalo yisakhiwo sodumo emlandweni China. Kwakungesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, izwe phathelana kancane kancane siguqulwe kusuka monarchical ukuba a lamaKhomanisi, kamuva nazo zaba umdlali sina enkundleni ngamazwe.

igama Meaning

EChina, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphimisela igama kombusi, wamupha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa - kwaba isiko eminyaka ubudala. Umbusi lokugcina igama kwaba China wokugaklazeka elihambisana le nkosi - "Syuantun" ( "ukuhlanganisa").

umndeni

UMbusi lokugcina China empeleni bamazwe Chinese wayengekho. Umndeni wakhe Aisin Gioro ( «uhlanga Golden") ingeyamakhosi isiManchu Qing lwamakhosi, futhi iye yakhipha ngaleso sikhathi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

Ubaba Pu mina Zaifeng, Prince Chun, ngaba nesikhundla esiphakeme e amandla esiphakeme (yesibili Grand Duke), kodwa lo mbusi asikaze. Ngokuvamile, uyise Pu mina amandla futhi bengazinaki yinoma yimuphi ezindabeni zezombangazwe.

Umama Pu mina Yulan waba umlingisi uyindoda ngempela. kuyisezala jikelele Kuphakanyisiwe, wayelokhu ngaphansi kokulawula lonke senkantolo yasebukhosini futhi wajeziswa ngenca lokucasula kancane. Lokhu ukhathazekile bobabili abasebenzi kanye abantu empeleni Yulan alinganayo isimo. Zinceku, abathenwa, yayingase ibulawe nganoma yisiphi unganelisekile look wakhe, futhi uma ngisho ukushaya indodakazi.

umbusi eqondile eChina uMalume Pu Yi, kanye nomzala Tszayfena - Tszaytyan, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi "Guangxu". Kwaba ngemva kwakhe futhi baba kuKesari lokugcina China.

ebuntwaneni

Pu Yi kwadingeka ukuba anyukele sobukhosi kudala njengoba isineminyaka engaba mibili. Ngemva kwalokho, uMbusi lokugcina China (iminyaka yokuphila: 1906-1967) uhanjiswe kuya Forbidden City - sokuhlala wabantu Isinqumo China.

Pu Yi wayebuye ingane ayizwani nangokomzwelo, ngakho ukuthuthela endaweni entsha futhi wokugcotshwa akazange kumenze lutho kodwa izinyembezi.

Kwaba khona ukukhamuluka kwaba kungani. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1908 Tszaytyanya ke ngakho kwenzeka ukuthi ingane eneminyaka engu-ubudala uye kubo Empire, shí ezikweletini, ubumpofu, aze asongela ngisho wokugoqa. Isizathu salokhu esicacile: izingqongqo Yulan wasungula umqondo wokuthi Tszaytyan lilimele engqondweni, futhi wenza ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe waqokwa indodana umzala kombusi ebusayo, owawungumnyaka Pu Yi

Ngenxa yalokho, lo mfana wabeka ibamba kayise, hhayi ekhanya ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili noma savvy zezombusazwe, bese akuhlukile omkhulu-anti Lun Yu ezivela kuye. Kazi ubaba Pu ngacishe bayibukele ebuntwaneni noma entsheni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Pu Yi kwaba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingane impilo (ngaphandle izinkinga esiswini), ephapheme futhi kumnandi. Esikhathini esiningi kule Forbidden City umbusi engamahlongandlebe wachitha enkantolo abathenwa nge imidlalo kanye nakho eyayikhuluma abahlengikazi emhlabeni kuye iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

maqondana Special nangokuthuthumela Pu Ngakubona phambi okuthiwa umama umdala Duan Kan. Kuyinto lona wesifazane esiqinile ukufundisa Pu kancane mina kube zaznaykoy abalulaze omakhelwane.

Icebo lika Military futhi abdication

Umbusi lokugcina China, ogama biography lisungule imithethonqubo edabukisayo kakhulu azinakwa - kancane esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu (iminyaka engu-3 izinyanga 2). Ngemva Xinhai Yenguquko 1911 Lun Yu ngemvume nesenzo abdication (ngo-1912).

Uhulumeni omusha ushiye ngemuva Pu mina esigodlweni yasebukhosini kanye namanye amalungelo, okuyinto wathembela a somuntu ophakeme. Mhlawumbe kwathinta inhlonipho ngegunya okungukuthi esivela DNA Chinese. Ikakhulukazi Ngokuphambene inguquko Chinese Yezwe LaseSoviet, lapho umkhaya elibusayo koMbusi uNicholas II babephathwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho ubushiqela, futhi ngaphandle ukusikisela lwesintu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni omusha ushiye Pu mina unelungelo lemfundo. UMbusi lokugcina China ne kweminyaka eyishumi nane ukutadisha English, futhi wayazi indlela lesiManchu kanye Chinese. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, enamathiselwe nemiyalo Konufutsiya. Uthisha English Pu Yi, Rezhninald Johnston, wamenzela waseNtshonalanga yangempela ngisho naye bametha igama European - UHenry. Kazi izilimi zabo ezibonakala bomdabu Pu Yi akakuthandanga, wafundisa ngokungathandi kakhulu (ngonyaka ayekwazi ukuzihlola amazwi angaba amashumi amathathu kuphela), kuyilapho isiNgisi, kanye Johnston wafundisa ngokukhulu ukucophelela nokukhuthala.

Pu Yi washada ekuseni kakhulu, ngezinye eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ubudala, indodakazi isikhulu esiphezulu Wang Rong. Noma kunjalo, umfazi zomthetho Pu nganginganelisekile, ngakho njengomuntu owayethanda (noma nezancinza) wathatha Wen Xiu.

Lutho (futhi akekho) kuphazamiseke yilo mbusi wahlala ngale ndlela kuze kube ngo-1924, lapho Yabantu Republic of China ziye akhiwa yona lonke izakhamuzi. Pu Yi nomkakhe kwadingeka balishiye leli City inqatshelwe.

Manchukuo

Ngemva ukuxoshwa izigodi lezinceku Pu ngaya enyakatho-mpumalanga China - territtoriyu, lilawulwa Japanese. Ngo-1932 lapho kwamiswa athi isimo ngokuthi Manchukuo. Kwaba umbusi zayo futhi yaba uMbusi lokugcina China. Umlando, Nokho, le sayithi matasa okwesikhashana yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina kwakuhluke kakhulu nkomoni. amandla Real, efana eChina lamakhomanisi, Pu Yi e Manchukuo yayingekho. Noma iyiphi amadokhumenti ebengalidluliselanga ukufunda ngemvume kubo enganakile, cishe ngaphansi ezitholwe ka "abeluleki" isi-Japanese. Thanda uNicholas II, ngubani Pu Yi ayidalwanga a zokubusa yangempela, ikakhulukazi omkhulu futhi eziyinkinga. Nokho, kwaba ngo Manchukuo umbusi wokugcina of China kungaba waphinda ubuyele ekuphileni ajwayelekile, futhi okwaholela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

New yokuhlala "umbusi" baba emzini Changchun. Insimu le athi uthi sibucayi ngempela - abangaphezu kwesigidi amakhilomitha square kanye labantu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-30. By endleleni, ngenxa non-ukuqashelwa Yezizwe Manchukuo Japan kwadingeka bashiye inhlangano eyaba prototype ye-UN. Eqinisweni Okuningi ukwazi ukuthi iminyaka eyishumi, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, ne Manchukuo esungulwe enobudlelwane nge nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu futhi Asian. Ababona, isibonelo, steel Italy, Romania, France, Denmark, Croatia, Hong Kong.

Okuxakayo ukuthi ngesikhathi kubusa Pu Yi ka Manchukuo umnotho sakhula. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa imali eshisiwe zezimali eJapane ngo esifundeni: anda izimayini (i-ore, amalahle), ukuthuthukisa kwezolimo nasezimbonini esindayo.

Futhi, Pu Yi yayingeve inobungane ne-Japanese uMbusi Hirohito. Ngenxa ehlangana naye Pu mina kabili evakashele eJapane.

ekuthunjweni Soviet

Ngo-1945 iRed Army waxosha amasosha Japanese emikhawulweni yabo empumalanga waya Manchukuo. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba Pu Yi uzobe ngokushesha wathumela ku Tokyo. Nokho, amasosha aseSoviet lawela Mukden, futhi Pu Yi sathathwa ngendiza kokuphindela eSoviet Union. Yena ngaquliswa icala "amacala nempi" noma, kunalokho, ngoba wayengumuntu unodoli uhulumeni waseJapane.

Ekuqaleni, umbusi wokugcina of China kwaba ngo Chita, lapho futhi icala futhi waboshwa. Chita wayethethelela uyiswa eKhabarovsk, lapho avalelwa zezikhulu ekamu POW ephakeme. Kube Pu Yi kwakukhona isiqephu elincane sezwe ayekwazi bahlanganyele ingadi.

Ngesikhathi inqubo Tokyo Pu ngabonakala njengofakazi ubufakazi obulahla Japan. Ukuze ubuyele China, wayengafuni, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, kubhekwe ngakho sina ukuthuthela e-United States noma Great Britain. Aristocrat Chinese wamesaba uhulumeni omusha waseChina, eholwa Mao Zedong. Imali sendleleni, ayenakho, njengoba wonke amagugu ngahlala kuye. Ngo Chita Pu saze sazama ukuba adabule intelligence incwadi Soviet, okuyinto yalotshelwa UMengameli waseMelika Buyela Umva Trumenu, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho.

Buyela China

Ngo-1950, iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ekhishwe Pu mina China. Kukhona, umbusi wangaphambili yahlulelwe inhliziyo isihloko esithi "ubugebengu impi." Azikho okuhlukile kuye, yebo, awuzange enikeziwe. Pu Yi baba iziboshwa abavamile ngaphandle amalungelo. Noma kunjalo, ukuthi wamane wazithulela kakhulu wathatha bonke ubunzima ekuphileni ejele.

Nakuba ngesikhathi ngisejele, Pu Yi kwesigamu isikhathi ukusebenza wachitha lapho kuvezwa amabhokisi amapensela kanye nezinye - isifundo nemibono lamaKhomanisi esekelwe imisebenzi Marx no uVladimir Lenin. Ndawonye kanye nezinye iziboshwa ezingaba Pu Yi iqhaza ekwakhiweni ejele nkundla, ifektri, futhi ngenkuthalo uhlele indawo kahle.

Ngesikhathi esejele, Pu Yi nayo ukuhlukana nomkakhe lwesithathu, Li Yuqin.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-eziyisishiyagalolunye ejele Pu Yi ushwele eziphatha kahle, futhi reeducation ngemibono.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Bakhululwa, Pu Yi kwaba abahlala Beijing. Wasebenza ngesikhathi Botanical Garden, lapho wayebethelwe khona wahlanganyela ukutshala orchid. Lapha, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwasiza uhlale basekuthunjweni Soviet, lapho Pu Yi wayebuye hlabathi.

Akasenalo lutho ayifunwanga noma yafuna lutho. Engxoxweni wayengumuntu inhlonipho nomusa, isizotha okhetheke khulu.

Indima ngumhlali Chinese abavamile akuyona abajabulanga neze Pu Yi Watadisha yini eyayithandwa inhliziyo, futhi wasebenza yomlando wakhe onesihloko esithi "Ukusuka uMbusi ukuze Citizen".

Ngo-1961, Pu Yi bajoyine CCP futhi waba ilungu State Archives. Eminyakeni 58, nayo neseleko izigxobo archive, bajoyine Chinese Political Consultative Council.

Ekupheleni ukuphila Pu ngahlangana wesine (nesibongo) nomkakhe, ayehlala nabo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Lee Shuasyan. Wasebenza njengoba unesi lokuzalwa elula yizicukuthwane ayikwazanga ozibongayo. Lee kakhulu kunaye Pu Yi, ngo-1962 eseneminyaka engu-37 kuphela ubudala. Kodwa naphezu umehluko sína ubudala, lo mbhangqwana wahlala iminyaka emihlanu ujabule, kuze ngo-1967, Pu Yi lidlule kude nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi Lee Shuasyan kwaba unkosikazi kuphela yowesifazane Chinese, Pu Yi sokuba ongowokudabuka Manchuria Yiqiniso, engakaze ibonwe.

Izindleko Pu emngcwabeni wathatha i-PDA, ngaleyo ndlela ezwakalisa inhlonipho umbusi wokugcina of China. Umzimba wawuhlukaniswe sebefile.

Izingane Pu Yi singaveli ungomunye wabafazi ezine.

Ingabe Shuasyan washona ngo-1997, sasinda umyeni wakhe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

Pu Yi e ebhayisikobho

Umlando Pu Yi Kwakujabulisa ngakho, ukuthi sidalwe esekelwe mdwebo "The Last Emperor". A ifilimu mayelana umbusi wokugcina of China wathatha umqondisi Italy Bernardo Bertolucci ngo-1987.

Film baxgeki ngaso indaba, okuyinto sethu besiphezu komkhankaso umbusi wokugcina China: ifilimu wathola yokulinganisa cishe esiphezulu.

Isithombe kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu: won "Oscar" nine mikhakha, "Golden Globe" e ezine, futhi "Cesar" Umklomelo "UFeliksi" futhi "Grammy" futhi umklomelo ovela Japanese Academy Awards.

Yilokho umbusi wokugcina we-China, ifilimu eyayilinyazwe ngempumelelo akhanyiswe immortalized emhlabeni yobuciko.

ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, Pu Yi umxhwele nezwe elibazungezile. Ubizwa bakhangwa izilwane observation, yena wayemthanda kakhulu. Little Pu Yi wayethanda ukudlala nangamakamela, ukubukela ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuhlela izintuthwane bukhoma nemisundu eminingi ezifuywa. Esikhathini esizayo, abanothando imvelo uye waqina kuphela, lapho Pu Yi baba isisebenzi engadini Botanical.

Inani isibonelo emlandweni Pu Yi

Isibonelo Pu Yi sici kakhulu inqubo zomlando XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. umbuso wakhe, kanye eziningi European, hhayi zatholakala ziyiqiniso isikhathi esisha futhi ayikwazanga ukuphendula izingcingo zakhe esiphuthumayo.

Umbusi wokugcina waseRoma Chinese Pu Ngezikabani biography kwakunzima nezinezinhlekelele, kwaba kwezinye indlela kalowo kumlando.

Ukube bekungengenxa isimo somnotho we feuds China esindayo kangaka futhi yangaphakathi phakathi izicukuthwane uqine ngokwanele, mhlawumbe, Pu Yi ekugcineni wayesengaba European kakhulu yasebukhosini Asian. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi ehlukile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Pu Yi okwaziyo okuhle party kommunististicheskuyu futhi waqala ukuvikela izithakazelo zayo.