Isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad ovinjezelwe: isabelo ukuvinjelwa

Isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad bavimbezela Bakhandwa ngokucacile esichaziwe izigaba ezahlukene sabantu. Kwakuwusuku kuphela futhi engcono indlela ukusabalalisa imikhiqizo, okunikeza ithemba lokuphila. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba basinde kule abandayo, emzini ovinjezelwe, uthole izandla zakho phezu 125 nje amagremu esinkwa ngosuku? Impendulo yalo mbuzo itholakala namandla amakhulu we amadoda umoya isikhathi nokuba nokholo olungantengantengi ukunqoba. Isikhathi eside Leningrad - indzaba odinga ukukwazi futhi ukhumbule feat egameni labantu abanikela ukuphila kwabo futhi basinda lokuvimbezela esibi kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu.

Ukuvinjelwa: Umlando

izinsuku ezingu-900, okwaqala ngo-September 1941 kuya ku-January 1944, wehlela emlandweni njengoba izinsuku ebanga usizi kunazo zonke ukuthi imangalelwe okungenani 800,000 izimpilo izakhamuzi zalo muzi.

Leningrad ayewukhonzile ngokoMthetho German Command, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Barbarossa". Phela, lo muzi, ngokuvumelana isu ezimisiwe German Field Marshal Pawulu, kwadingeka ukuba sibandulele ukuyiswa eMoscow. uhlelo kaHitler wayemiselwe ukuba behluleka. Abavikeli kweLeningrad babengavunyelwe umuzi. Liphendulwe inqaba ungenakunqotshwa sekuyisikhathi eside impela eLeningrad labetibambile ukuhamba ibutho lamaJalimane zingena ngokukhululekile kuleli zwe.

Umuzi wavinjezelwa, ngaphandle amaJalimane aseqalile ukubhubhisa ngenkuthalo Leningrad, wezikhali esindayo futhi izindiza.

I esibi kunazo sizi

Indlala - ukuthi kuyiphi ezithinteka kakhulu labantu Leningrad. Ngu emzini ovinjezelwe zavalwa yonke indlela, okwenza bakwazi ukuletha imikhiqizo. Abantu kweLeningrad basala wedwa nezinkinga zabo.

Isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad ovinjezelwe ayengezansi izikhathi 5. Indlala ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi nokuvinjelwa edolobheni ayizange yanele izimpahla okudla uphethiloli kanjalo. Lake Ladoga - indlela kuphela abebengakwenza ukulethwa ukudla, kodwa kungenzeka le ndlela imikhiqizo ezazishushumbiswa akazange ukuhlangabezana nezidingo izakhamuzi Leningrad.

abantu abaningi balambe kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga ngisho umnkantsha ngalobo busika, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abakwazi ukusinda emzini ovinjezelwe.

isabelo kweLeningrad

Bangaphezu kuka-2 million abantu abangenacala abalinganiselwa ophilayo eLeningrad ngesikhathi nokuvinjelwa. Lapho isitha waqala ngenkuthalo umuzi, amabhomu, ngamabhomu futhi ihlaselwa imililo babé njalo, abaningi bazama ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. Nokho, yonke imigwaqo wavinjwa enokwethenjelwa.

On the etholakalayo isimo ipulazi Amasimu emzini ovinjezelwe eqoqwe ngokucophelela konke engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo. Kodwa lezi zinyathelo awalondoloziwe endlaleni. Kakade ngoNovemba 20, izabelo lwesinkwa Leningrad ovinjezelwe yayingasebenzi okwesihlanu. Ngaphandle isinkwa, abantu lutho. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-ukuqala isabelo ezinzima ngenxa yendlala inkathi emlandweni Leningrad.

Iqiniso mayelana indlala: izincwadi zomlando

Phakathi nempi, abantu abaningi balambe kweLeningrad ezifihlakele amaqiniso. ngivikele abaholi edolobheni ngazo zonke izindlela ingathiyeki ukuvela ulwazi mayelana nenhlekelele abezindaba ukuphrinta. Lapho impi iphela, nokuvinjelwa Leningrad wawubhekwa njengophawu nhlekelele. Nokho, izinyathelo ukuthi uhulumeni wathatha ngokuqondene ekunqobeni indlala, ikhokhwe yimuphi ukunakwa neze.

Manje amaqoqo kwemibhalo ukubuyiswa esuka kude impela eLeningrad zomlando enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba asikhanyisele lo mbuzo.

Ekhanyisa ulwazi "Tsentrzagotzerno" ihhovisi indlala eLeningrad. Kusukela le dokhumenti, okusho yazisa mayelana nesimo okusanhlamvu izimpahla engxenyeni 1941 yesibili, ungabona ukuthi ngo-July ngawo lowo nyaka, isimo ngamabele izimpahla babe ezihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukubuyela yamalahle Port ne wokusanhlamvu ukuthunyelwa.

Nakuba kwakungekho kungenzeka lo jantshi kwimodi eziphuthumayo edolobheni ziphuthunyiswe izingoma lapho okusanhlamvu kwakufana. Lezi zenzo nomthelela yokuthi kuze November 1941 umkhakha yokubhaka ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Yini eyaholela ophahleni wesitimela isixhumanisi

Isimo lempi nje bafuna ukuba i-nsuku zonke isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad ovinjezelwe Kwandiswa. Nokho, lapho uxhumano ujantshi yavalwa, imithombo ukudla beye bancipha kakhulu. Kakade ngo-September 1941, lo Ukudla toughened austerity izinyathelo.

Izabelo lwesinkwa izakhamuzi Leningrad ovinjezelwe zezwa encishisiwe. Ukuze kwesikhathi kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-November konyaka wokuqala empini abasebenzi abathola 800 g, waqala ukukhipha kuphela 250 abasebenzi abahola 600 g, izabelo sehliselwe 125, inani elifanayo isinkwa futhi waqala ukuba banike abantwana abaye ngaphambili wancika 400 idolobha

Ngokusho izifingqo NKVD kweLeningrad esifundeni, izakhamuzi ngokwempilo yangenyama okwanda ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi lusizi ukuvinjelwa abantu abevile eminyakeni engu-40 ubudala kanye nezinsana.

Izinsuku ukwehlisa izindinganiso lwesinkwa Leningrad ovinjezelwe

Izabelo lwesinkwa labantu yayikhona ngaphambi ukuvinjelwa. Ngokusho kwamaphepha ezigciniwe, ngo-September 2, 1941 kakhulu (800 g) etholwe lempi futhi esebenza izitolo ashisayo. 200 okuthiwa ukusebenza isikhathi esincishisiwe, abasebenzi ezimbonini. Half nokunamathisela ngomthofu ashisayo zokusebenza isitshalo okulungiselelwe abasebenzi isabelo okwakunzima ezinganeni 400 nalabo abancike banikwa 300 g isinkwa.

Septhemba 11, ngosuku wesi-4 ukuvinjelwa, yonke imithetho elikhiphe izabelo kubasebenzi nabasebenzi liye lehla ngamaphesenti 100 g

Okthoba 1, 1941 amazinga isinkwa e Leningrad ovinjezelwe zabuye encishisiwe: lwezisebenzi at 100 g, izingane nalabo abancike banikwa 200

Novemba 13 lalingesinye amazinga cut. Futhi emva kwezinsuku 7, 20 Novemba, kwathiwa futhi wanquma umnotho ezinzima yokusanhlamvu esitokisini. Okuncane isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad bavimbezela sekutholakale - 125 g

Inkathi esukela Novemba 20 kuya 25 Disemba 1941 kubhekwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke emlandweni okuvinjezelwa, ngoba isikhathi lapho isabelo lancipha ubuncane. Ngalesi sikhathi, izikhulu, izingane nalabo abancike wathola ingqikithi 125 amagremu isinkwa, 250 amagremu abasebenzi bakholwe, nalabo abasebenza ezitolo ashisayo - 375 Impelasonto isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad ovinjezelwe kwakuwukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi edolobheni wahluleka basinde lokhu isikhathi. Njengoba bengenandaba sokudla, abantu abangu agwetshelwe ukufa. Phela, ngaphezu siyazise 125 g isinkwa ovinjezelwe, babengenakuphika lutho. Futhi lokhu baba izabelo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngamabhomu kungukuthi njalo ikhishwe.

Kusukela ngo-December 25, isabelo kuyinsakavukela isinkwa zonke izigaba lokuveza labantu baqala ukukhula, loku hhayi kuphela ukuphoqelela izakhamuzi, kodwa futhi ngokuphathelene nokukholwa ukunqoba isitha.

Isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad ovinjezelwe zandile ngenxa izisulu abantu abaningi onikele ukusebenza Road of Life yonkana Lake Ladoga. Isitha waphakamisela shelled esiteshini wokutakula, esangenza hhayi kuphela ukuze ulungise supply wokusanhlamvu edolobheni, kodwa futhi aphume labantu. Ngokuvamile ice ethambile kwaba isizathu ukuthi umshini nokusanhlamvu nje waminza.

Ngo-1942, okusanhlamvu kusuka phansi echibini waqala ukuthola abatshuzi. umsebenzi wamaqhawe kulaba bantu, ngoba kwakudingeka basebenze ngaphansi umlilo isitha. Okokuqala, okusanhlamvu amabhakede alandiwe ngesandla. Kamuva le njongo sasivame futha ekhethekile lwenzelwe inhlabathi yokuhlanza.

Kusukela lapho isinkwa sasibhakwe ukuvinjelwa

Izitoke zokusanhlamvu umuzi wawuyigolide omncane. Ngakho-ke, isinkwa ukuvinjelwa kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho bendabuko umkhiqizo nezitini kithi. Lapho ufulawa baking ingezwe ku ukungcola ahlukahlukene engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo ukulondoloza Isakhi esiyinhloko iresiphi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungcola ngokuvamile engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo mali ingaphezulu ngengxenye kunaleyo.

Ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kafulawa, ukukhiqizwa ubhiya kunqanyulwe kusukela ngo-September 23. Zonke esitokisini zebhali, bran, lwemithombo futhi okuletha kukhompiyutha bathunyelwa amabhikawozi. Kusukela ngo-September 24, isinkwa waqala engeza oat husks, i-cellulose, nothuli kamuva wholemeal.

Ngemva Disemba 25, 1941 ukungcola kusukela cishe wanyamalala. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu - kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isinkwa isabelo eLeningrad phama, ogama izithombe kungabonwa esihlokweni aye athuthukiswa.

Amaqiniso kanye Izinombolo

Phakathi nokuvinjelwa ensimini ka ngokushelela okwenza isinkwa amabhikawozi 6.

Kusukela ekuqaleni isinkwa ukuvinjelwa wabhaka ngofulawa, okuyinto yengezwe lwemithombo, i-oats kanye kabhontshisi. Mayelana 8000 amathani lwemithombo futhi 5000 amathani oats zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso okuphothula ezidliwayo.

Kamuva, kwatholakala cottonseed ukudla inani amathani ayinkulungwane 4. Ososayensi baye baqhuba ucwaningo eziningana ukuthi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ashisa kakhulu le into enobuthi eziqukethwe ukubunjwa ikhekhe, libhujiswa. Ngakho isinkwa ovinjezelwe waqala ukungena kakhulu futhi cottonseed ukudla.

Iminyaka idlula, kusale abantu abaye bashumayeza isikhathi esibi, uya indaba. Futhi uma siyakwazi ukulondoloza inkumbulo ukuvinjelwa nezesabekayo iwine emzini Leningrad. Khumbula! Ukuze ezibabazekayo uyasinda izakhamizi efile kweLeningrad!