Uma umenywe ukuthi amajaji njengoba ithemba? izizathu Yomthetho kwenqatshwa

Kwenzeka ukuthi kungalindelekile isakhamuzi uthola incwadi, yocingo noma ajenda ukuthi ubophekile ukuba avele enkantolo njengoba ijaji abavamile. Abanye bheka it njengoba komsebenzi zomphakathi ngaphandle kwemibandela izibopho zazo. Abanye, ngoba asifuni yezizathu ezihlukahlukene noma awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohlolweni.

Ungubani wena?

Ngakho, okokuqala kudingeka uthole ukuthi ibaphi enkantolo amajaji? Le nkulumo ibhekisela abahluleli (kodwa hhayi professional) ukuthi zifakwe izinhlu jurors futhi ukubandakanya inkantolo emacaleni obugebengu ngokuhambisana nomthetho.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuphela ukubamba iqhaza ibhizinisi kungaba kubhekwe amajaji lobugebengu, futhi kuphela labo ubugebengu ukuthi ihlukaniswa njengoba sina noma sibi kakhulu. Amajaji kakhulu efanayo angaqokwa kuphela isinyathelo ummangalelwa.

Esikhathini ukuphenywa kokuphulwa amacala obugebengu ngabahluleli professional ixazululwe nezindaba ezidinga ulwazi olukhethekile zomthetho namakhono. Abahluleli Lay (Ukukhetha amajaji kwenzeka ngezikhathi phakathi kwabantu abavamile) isinqumo wecala noma ukungabi ummangalelwa cala kulo isenzo. Kulokhu, zonke izinqumo amajaji zithatha esekelwe ukuhlolwa subjective ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhundla kanye ukubukwa ka abahluleli abafanelekayo sebenze.

A amajaji sinqumo sokugcina ungeme. Okungukuthi, abakwazi ukucacisa umusho, ziqu icala futhi nezinye izikhathi ngokomthetho abalulekile. Lezi amandla unikezwe indaba nje kuphela ukuba isakhiwo afanelekayo zokwahlulela.

Umlando omncane

Umlando amajaji nokulingwa eRussia elisuka Kudala 1767. Kwakuwusuku isinqumo ukusungula inkantolo wathi sathathwa kulo nyaka. Ekugcineni, inhlangano kwalesi sikhungo kuphela yamukelwa 1864. Ngezindlela eziningi lokhu kugqugquzelwa sengifundela kabusha zokwahlulela.

Lapho amandla kuleli zwe wafika amaBolshevik, amajaji ngokushesha uyekwa. Futhi ukhona yaphela ngo-1917. Futhi kuphela emva inqwaba eminyaka Institute sekuvuselelwe futhi elicwengisiswe. Yingaleso sikhathi wathola ukuthi amajaji uzobe yakhiwe jurors nambili (plus Spares ezimbili uma ukugula noma isimo esingalindelekile ukuthi esiqubukile amajaji of isakhiwo esiyisisekelo).

Ukukhethwa jurors

Thola uhlelo iqhaza ohlolweni njengoba ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji akufanele zonke. Abafake izicelo akhethiwe nemiyalezo kusuka uhlu uzilungiselele kusenesikhathi. Loluhlu ikhiqizwa kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Basuke wahlanganyela ekubhaleni neziphathimandla esiphezulu sendawo. Kukhona njalo uhlu izingxenye ezimbili: a jikelele futhi isipele (uma nakwenzeka iqhaza ezimpilweni zezakhamuzi mayelana ohlwini main).

Usihlalo lesifunda isiphathimandla esifanele zokwahlulela kufanele ngonyaka wazise abaphathi mayelana nendlela jurors abaningi kungase kudingeke ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kwebulungisa. Ngesisekelo ulwazi olunikeziwe executive iziphathimandla sithathe inani elidingekayo of ukhetho.

Izimfuneko ukhetho

Ngokuhambisana inombolo 113 20 uMthetho Federal Agasti 2004 "Ngo Jurors izinkantolo federal yomthetho jikelele Russian Federation," obengenele ukhetho lesi sikhundla iyoba izakhamuzi Russian Federation:

• Unaphakade abahlala kuleli zwe.
• Okungenani eminyakeni engu-25 ubudala.
• Ingabe ngeke ibhaliswe izidakamizwa kanye nemitholampilo zengqondo.
• Ingabe ukusebenza ngokugcwele.
• Ukungakwazi ngesikhathi ezilandelwayo izinhlu abasolwa futhi abamangalelwa.

imisebenzi

Abantu ehilelekile kwecala enkantolo kuleli cala, uzakuba namandla nemisebenzi ezilandelayo:

• Ukutadisha zonke izimo ubugebengu, sicwaninga ubufakazi ngokomzimba (kufaka ukulalela ukuze alalelwayo nabukelwayo, ukuhlolwa izinto zokubethwa ubugebengu).
• EBukhoneni phakathi nophenyo, isidingo engavela ngokuhamba isivivinyo.
• Ukumenyezelwa nezindaba phezu ebufakazini obutholakalayo balelo cala obugebengu (ngokusebenzisa Umongameli Officer).
• Ukugcina amarekhodi kamuva kudingeka wenze isinqumo egumbini umhlalaphansi.
• Isicelo ukucaciswa umtsetfo lokhona, ukuba sikhululwe imibhalo enkantolo (futhi ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa esengamele).

amandla

Umsebenzi oyinhloko (imibuso emikhulu) amajaji ukusungula kuvele ukuthi unecala noma lomuntu ezibheca kuleli cala.

Isixazululo (ngolimi zomthetho - umusho) eziphoqelelwe wathi bocwaningo egumbini inkomfa, ekupheleni izinto Ukutadisha cala, ekutadisheni bonke ubufakazi, kuzwa izisulu, ofakazi ukuzivikela kanye nabashushisi, abavikeli abasolwa, kanye imibono umshushisi womphakathi.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinkantolo amajaji komthetho akuvunyelwe ukuba enze isinqumo ngohlobo nobungako isijeziso. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo kuphela umbuzo ummangalelwa unecala noma cha.

imibuzo ajwayelekile amajaji ilungiselelwe ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza impendulo emihle noma emibi eziqondile. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka leli cala they phendula le mibuzo elandelayo:

1. Ingabe ubugebengu ngokwayo?
2. ukuthi ummangalelwa izibophezele kuso?
3. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unecala?

amandla akhethekile

Kungani abaningi abamangalelwa Abamangali Ukucabangela amacala obugebengu ngu amajaji? Isinqumo sokugcina, ngokuvumelana iningi labo, kulesi simo, kuyoba ethambile, kusukela amajaji igunya ukuze ukubonelelwa.

Ngokomthetho inqubo lobugebengu ummangalelwa inelungelo ukubonelelwa ngenxa yokubakhona ezidinga ngibonelele. Isinqumo sokwamukela sekwenza Ijaji abe anaka nemibono amajaji.

Njengoba amaqembu ecaleni akuzona amajaji professional, futhi ezimweni eziningi asinalo ulwazi ekhethekile zomthetho, isinqumo ngobumnene uvame ezithathwe kuwo ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa subjective futhi ubuhlobo ukuze umuntu obekwe icala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi abamangalelwa ancike isintu kulezi non-ochwepheshe kanye abakulindele umusho encishisiwe.

Okungamelwe ukwenze?

Jurors - a abahlanganyeli agcwele eenkambisweni zobulelesi. Kule ndaba, kufanele atitfobe eziningi imingcele eqinile, okuhlanganisa enqabelo:

• ukushiya enkantolo ngesikhathi sokulalelwa;
• ukuqoqa ulwazi ebufakazini obutholakalayo balelo cala obugebengu ngaphandle enkantolo;
• elithi imibono subjective ngalolu daba ngaphandle ekamelweni amakhanda (ie ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji angenalungelo lokukwazi bengasheshi ukuveza imibono yabo siqu ku-amaqiniso icala ngesikhathi sokuthethwa kwecala);
• phezu kokunikezwa kwe-ekusithekeni of the umhlangano futhi bavote (okungukuthi, amajaji akumelwe ukudalula noma iluphi ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubani futhi kanjani yabahluleli abahlulela uvotele nalokho mbono esimweni).

amaholo

Ngakho, uthole khona umsebenzi wabo iyiphi jurors imali? Umholo kufanele ikhishwe ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ye-zekhotho noma cha? Impendulo yale mibuzo elula kulawulwa umthetho.

Ukuze ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo kokuba kukhokhwe jurors. Umholo ikhokhelwa ngezithukuthuku isabelomali lesifunda. Yimbi kangakanani le isinxephezelo ibalwa kusukela ijaji isigamu iholo. Kulokhu, isinxephezelo akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-iholo isilinganiso isakhamuzi endaweni yomsebenzi wakhe esemthethweni (silingane isikhathi esichithwa ekulalelweni).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajaji ihlawulelwa izindleko zokuhamba ngezinto zomphakathi elihlobene ne imithetho, kanye nezindleko ukubuya travel (ngokuhambisana nomthetho olawula amalungiselelo efanayo abahluleli).

Umthetho siphinde sihlinzeke ngokuthi ngesikhathi nokuba isakhamuzi ekuqhubeni njengoba ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji e umsebenzi oyinhloko akakwazi nomlilo (at isinyathelo we ikhanda) noma ukudluliselwa esikhundleni aphansi ikhokhwe noma ngaphansi. Phakathi amajaji agcinwayo ngokuphelele zonke amalungelo nesiqisiseko endaweni yayo eyinhloko yebhizinisi.

kuvikela

Njengoba amajaji ukuzwa amacala obugebengu eziphathelene nezigaba sina kanye sibi kakhulu, bona nemikhaya yabo anganikeza ingcindezi zokuziphatha noma ngokomzimba.

Ngenxa abahlanganyeli agcwele e kwesivivinyo, amajaji iwe ngaphansi kwesivikelo isimo. Ziyakwazi inviolable, futhi amaphoyisa aphoqelelwe ukuba avikele ukuphila nempilo amajaji, amalungu omkhaya wakhe futhi kulondolozwe izimpahla zayo.

Ngesicelo abantu wathi yokucindezelwa noma izinsongo elihlobene ne-kokucubungula cala, iziphathimandla ngokushesha thatha ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji ngaphansi kwesivikelo sakhe isikhathi kwesivivinyo.

ezingeni zomthetho nakho kwenqatshelwe aphazamise imisebenzi ye jurors e kwebulungisa yibo.

Amajaji ngesikhathi nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yayo, isicelo komthethosisekelo ezisebenza amajaji. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, basuke yibhange ubuqotho nokuzimela.

Ngingaba ukuphuma?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kubulawa imisebenzi engenhla kuwumsebenzi civil we yisakhamuzi, umthetho phezu jurors inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka ukwehluleka.

Ngemva umuntu ethola isaziso amasamanisi, kumelwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi nane ukwenza isitatimende esibhaliwe umongameli enkantolo. Isitatimende kumele icacise zezizathu okuyiwona umuntu akakwazi ukuthatha ingxenye ebunzimeni.

Ngakho, uma isakhamuzi okwamanje ekhethiwe jurors. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngibe ukubhalisa? Kukhona izimo eziningi fixed lapho ungagwema kube senkingeni efanayo.

Ukwenqaba ukuhlanganyela ecaleni amajaji kungenziwa bamukeleke izimo lomthetho ezilandelayo:

1. Isakhamuzi has unwithdrawn noma oluvelele nerekhodi lobugebengu.
2. Umuntu yikomiti yokwahlulela limenyezelwe ezingasebenzi.
3. Citizen lutholakala akhawunti esibhedlela narcological noma zengqondo (clinic).
4. Akazi ulimi kwesivivinyo selenziwe.
5. Ubudala - engu-65 nangaphezulu.
6. Ukuba khona isifo noma ezinye emzimbeni (ebezidinga bodokotela) okuyinto evimbela iqhaza kule nqubo.
7. Citizen wasebenza njengoba ijaji, umshushisi, umphenyi, ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, abameli, bailiffs inkonzo, amasiko emizimbeni, uhlelo lokujeziswa, kanye umuntu obonisa umsebenzi umphenyi yangasese.
8. Umuntu eyilungu noma nomfundisi.

Kuzo zonke izimo ezingenhla, Umthetho uvumela jurors ukwenqaba ukwenza yemfanelo ehlukene amajaji.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usihlalo we inkantolo noma Ijaji kungenzeka akhululwe emsebenzini wakhe njengoba jurors kwizitatimende wetemlomo nobe lobhalwako elandelayo izakhamuzi:

• abantu phezu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha;
• abesifazane nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-eminyakeni emithathu.

Ukhethe i-service amajaji? Indlela ukukhansela (nganoma yisiphi izizathu), use-?

• Ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo.
• Uma kokulunyulwa ubuso kusukela imisebenzi ewumgogodla umsebenzi angabangela umonakalo abalulekile izithakazelo umphakathi kanye nesimo (odokotela, bezindiza, njll).

Angifuni, ngeke

Okufanele ukwenze uma namanje ukhethe jurors? Indlela ukuphuma uma isizathu esizwakalayo abekho?

Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi inkantolo esanele sokunikeza ubufakazi isitifiketi wezokwelapha bafakazela ukuba engenakwenzeka ngokomzimba iqhaza ekuqhubeni (ukuthola lolo sizo kalula ukusuka kunoma iyiphi udokotela wendawo, ukushaya ezinye zezimpawu, ezifana ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu benhliziyo, ukucobeka jikelele). Enkantolo, ukunemba ecacisiwe inkomba isheke kuyoba nzima (kanye neze ubani oyokwenza lowo msebenzi).

Ungase futhi ubheke nje yezinkolelo zabo nangenxa umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke, lapho isakhamuzi awukwazi iqhaza kokunquma isiphetho omunye umuntu.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isakhamuzi iba ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji kuphela ngemva ngokuletha isifungo efanele yasenkantolo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bekatsatsa okuthunyelwe ngokusemthethweni futhi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka avele ecaleni kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya i isigwebo zokuphatha inhlawulo, inani okuyinto izikhathi 25 amaholo.

Nokho, kuze kufike isikhathi lapho umuntu akuyona wathi isifungo esibekiwe, imane ikhandidethi kulesi sikhundla. A nembangi umthetho engabondli abakubo ikuphi ukubophezeleka.

Ngakho, uma isakhamuzi okwamanje ekhethiwe jurors, ukwala - umbuzo ulula futhi onesixazululo njengoba ezingeni zomthetho practice.

yi

Trial ngu amajaji - kuyinto ethile engavamile Isivivinyo, lapho e isinqumo wecala ummangalelwa sika akuzi nje abahluleli abafanelekayo sebenze, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi ezivamile.

Lesakhiwo wathi lubekezelela zonke nemigomo yentsandvo yelinyenti, owawuthi izakhamuzi ezivamile yezwe Unelungelo ngokusemthethweni futhi ngokomthetho bengasheshi ukuveza imibono yabo phezu ebufakazini obutholakalayo balelo cala obugebengu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekubeni ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji - komsebenzi zomphakathi njengesakhamuzi, yena unelungelo eligcwele zaba enza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona. Ngakho, uma ukhethe ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji njengoba ukunikeza, niyazi.

Kokelezela izizathu umuntu sichithiwe yi zekhotho, umthetho futhi ngempela ebanzi. Nokho, uma isakhamuzi akangayiletha kwesifungo ohambelana futhi kuphela ikhandidethi lesi sikhundla, akanacala ngokwehluleka ukuba avele enkantolo, ngeke baphathe.

Kwabanye, ngokulandela izibopho okungenhla kumane kuyoba umsebenzi ezithakazelisayo nezihloniphekile, nakho uletha enhle imali umvuzo. Ngakho-ke, zonke isakhamuzi sinelungelo ukunquma umbuzo ukuthi kufanele yini enze imisebenzi enikezwe isimo, noma ukwala esahlulelweni.