Ukuxhumana kusebenza kahle: izimiso, imithetho, amakhono, amasu. Izimo zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo

Umuntu wanamuhla uzama ukuphumelela yonke indawo - kokubili emsebenzini nasembusweni wakhe. Umsebenzi, umndeni, abangane - zonke lezi ziyingxenye yokuphila, futhi ukukhulumisana okusebenzayo kukuvumela ukuthi uqale zonke izindawo futhi ufike esivumelwaneni esiphezulu. Wonke umuntu kufanele alwele ukuthuthukisa amakhono azo omphakathi. Ngisho noma okokuqala kunenkinga, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lolu lwazi luzoletha izithelo ezifanele-ukuxhumana okuthembekile komuntu siqu.

Incazelo yokuxhumana

Izindlela ezahlukene zokudlulisa ulwazi kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye kuthiwa ukuxhumana. Ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziteshi zokudlulisa nokucubungula izimpawu futhi kwenzeka:

• I-verbal;
• Okungekho amazwi;
• Kubhaliwe;
• I-Pictographic;
• Isikhala-esingokomfanekiso, njalo njalo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhulumisana kuphumelela uma umthumeli wolwazi ekhuluma ngokulinganisa okufanayo nomamukeli. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuxhumana kuhlelo olulodwa lwesibonakaliso akuqinisekisi ukuthi umlayezo uzolungiswa kahle.

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa komyalezo. Ukuze uthole ukukhuthazwa kwebhizinisi eliphumelelayo, ngokulondoloza ubudlelwane obuseduze, ngokuphila komuntu siqu okuqhakazile, kuyoba usizo kunoma yimuphi umuntu ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo okuxhumana.

Izinsisekelo zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo

Ukuxhumana njengokushintshaniswa kwe-banal kolwazi sekukhona kakade ezilwaneni ezilula. Indoda ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo yaletha ukukhulumisana ekupheleleni. Inkhulumiswano yokukhulumisana neyomzimba yasungulwa futhi yanda kancane kancane ibe yombhalo obhaliwe, ongokomfanekiso. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo inzima ukuqonda, futhi ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kuba into ehlukile yokutadisha.

Inqubo yokuxhumana ihlanganisa izakhi ezinhlanu:

1. Ukukhulumisana - lowo othumela ulwazi.
2. Okuqukethwe komlayezo.
3. Indlela ulwazi ludluliselwa ngayo (njengoba lwenziwa).
4. Abalaleli, noma umamukeli, umyalezo uhloselwe kuye.
5. Isigaba sokugcina sokuxhumana, esisivumela ukuba siqonde ukuthi ngabe ukukhulumisana okuphumelelayo kwenzekile. Kungenzeka uma kuphela ezine ezedlule ziyanelisa ngempela.

Izimiso zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo

Ngaphandle kokukhulumisana okuhle, akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukuqonda kokubili kunoma iyiphi inkinga. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abanye abantu baqonde kahle ulwazi oluphumayo, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nenani lezidingo.

Okokuqala, kudingeka siqaphele izimiso zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo:

1. Ukuxhumana kufanele kube yindlela emibili. Lapho bonke abahlanganyeli benesithakazelo emiphelweni emihle yengxoxo, futhi kubo kuyalingana - umphumela odingekayo uvela.
2. Umamukeli kufanele enze imizamo ephakeme yokuqonda kahle umlayezo.
3. Umlayezo kufanele ube ocacile, uhleleke futhi ucacise.
4. Umamukeli kufanele athembele isiphakamiso, ahloniphe umbono wakhe futhi angayibuki ikhono lakhe.
5. Ukukhulumisana okuphumelelayo kuhlale kungokomzwelo, ngokwezinga elamukelekayo kulesi simo.
6. Ukubekezela nokuthokozisa kwezinye izinkinga zabantu. Ukwamukela abantu njengoba kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuzama ukulungisa noma ukulungisa.

Ngezansi sizoxoxa ngezimo eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo.

Indlela yokufeza umphumela omuhle wokuxhumana?

Ukuze ukuxhumana kuphumelele, izimo ezithile kufanele zihlangane:

1. Inkulumo kufanele ihambisane nenhloso yokuqala yengxoxo, yanele. Ungakhulumi kakhulu noma uthinte ezindabeni ezingahambisani nesihloko esingxoxwa ngaso. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana okuphumelelayo.
2. Amagama asetshenzisiwe kumele aqondisise futhi ahleleke, kubalulekile ukufeza umgomo wokuxhumana. Kufezwa ngokuzifundela njalo, ukufunda izincwadi eziningana kanye nesimo sengqondo sokulalela ulimi lwendabuko.
3. Umlando ngokwawo kufanele ube nengqondo futhi ufunde. Isakhiwo esicacile sesethulo senza izimo ezizwakalayo zabalaleli futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle.

Izindlela zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo

Noma yimuphi umuntu uhlala emphakathini futhi uncike kuye. Ngisho nezibopho zomzimba ezidangele kakhulu, mhlawumbe hhayi ngokuqondile, kepha zingene ebuhlotsheni obuseduze. Futhi emsebenzini, nangokwenhlalo yomphakathi, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kuyoba usizo. Amasu kanye namakhono okuxhumana angathuthukiswa futhi athuthukiswe - kuzokwenza ukuphila komuntu noma ubani kube lula kakhulu.

Ingabe ufuna ukuthola ithuba lokuxhumana? Kuyoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde amanye amasu okukhulisa ukuphumelela kokuxhumana:

1. Funda ukulalela ngokucophelela lokho abakushoyo. Akufanele nje ubuke i-interlocutor ngenkathi ingxoxo, kodwa futhi ubeke kancane, ugoqa ikhanda lakho, ubuze imibuzo efanelekayo. Le nqubo izokwenza kube lula ukuqonda iphuzu lokubuka le-interlocutor ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Khuluma ngokucacile, ngokufushane futhi kuze kube iphuzu. Uma kucacile ngokucacile lo mbono, kungenzeka ukuthi bayokuqonda futhi bayamukele ngokufanele.
3. Faka ku-arsenal yakho hhayi kuphela ukukhuluma, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana okungelona amazwi. Thatha ukufana okufanayo njenge-interlocutor, zama ukusebenzisa izenzo ezivulekile kuphela, ungathinti ubuso ngesikhathi yengxoxo.
4. Bukela imibala engokomzwelo yokukhuluma. Kumele kube ngokulinganisela, kodwa ukuze i-interlocutor iqonde intshisekelo yakho kule ndaba.
5. Yenza amasu okukhuluma. Ikhono lokuba nezwi livumela ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Ukucacisa okucacile, i-timbre efanele nevolumu elungiselelwe kuzokwenza noma yimiphi imilayezo enhle.
6. Mfundisi izindlela zokuxhumana zokuxhumana. Noma yimuphi umuntu omdala kufanele akwazi ukusebenzisa ifoni, ifeksi, i-Skype, i-imeyili. Amakhono okukhulumisana okulotshiwe kufanele asetshenziswe njalo.

Lezi yizindlela eziyisisekelo nje ezenzelwe ukusiza nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwabantu.

Imithetho yokuxhumana okuphumelelayo

Noma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwabantu ngokuzimela kufanele kuhambisane nemigomo ethile. Ukuhlukumeza kwabo kuholela ekuswelekeni kokuqonda phakathi kwe-interlocutors, izingxabano ngisho nokuqedwa kobudlelwane.

Imithetho yokuxhumana okuphumelelayo:

1. Khuluma ngolimi lwe-interlocutor. Le mithetho kufanele iqondwe njengesidingo sokucabangela izinga lemfundo, isimo sezenhlalakahle, iminyaka neminye imingcele. Ukuze uzwakale futhi uqondwe, udinga ukwakha imicabango yakho, ukuthembela kuzici zezilaleli.
2. Lungiselela ukuxhumana. Uma ingxoxo ingekho ngokuzenzakalelayo, kufanele wazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ubani futhi ngisiphi isikhathi okufanele uhlangane naye. Thatha izinsiza ezibukwayo nezindlela zobuchwepheshe. Yakha uhlelo lokuxoxa.
3. Funda amasu wokulalela okukhuthele, kuzosiza ukuthola i-interlocutor nokuqonda kangcono umbono wakhe.
4. Khuluma ngokucacile, uphakamise ngokulinganayo futhi uqiniseke, ungalulali amagama, kodwa ungahlukanisi.
5. Lapho ubhala incwadi, faka kwisitayela esikhethiwe.
6. Ngaphambi kokwenza ucingo noma "Skype", yenza uhlelo lwengxoxo kusengaphambili nemibandela edinge ukuxoxwa ngayo.

Izindlela zokuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo

Ukufeza ukuqonda okuhlangene ngenqubo yokuxhumana, kubalulekile ukudala izimo futhi ucabangele izindlela ezingenzeka zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Zikhona eziyisithupha zazo:

1. Zama ukuveza imicabango yakho njengokwethenjelwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Njalo ukhulume kafushane futhi ngokuyinhloko, ugweme ukuhlangana okungadingekile kwamagama, ukushiywa kanye nokuhunyushwa okuphindwe kabili.
2. Sebenzisa isichazamazwi kanye nobuchwepheshe kuphela kulawo mahlakalo, ikhodi ayibalulekile.
3. Ngisho nasekukhulumisaneni kwansuku zonke, izinkulumo ze-jargon nezama-slang kufanele zigwenywe, ikakhulukazi ekukhulumisaneni kwangaphakathi.
4. Gwema ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo okungadingekile, kokubili okuhle nokubi.
5. Zama ukubhekana nomuntu siqu, ngegama, isikhundla sezesayensi noma sezempi, noma ngokuhlanganisa iqembu labaxhumanisi ngegama elivamile elivumelekile.
6. Hlala ugcina imithetho yokuhlonipha nokuziphatha.

Izimpawu ezingezona izisho zokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana

Abaxhumanisi babonisana hhayi nje ngezindlebe. Umphumela womlomo ungenziwa ngcono noma unciphise ngezibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene ezingezona izisho. Umzimba wethu uwathumela ngobuningi, futhi abanye abantu bafunde futhi bahumushe ezingeni elingenakuqonda.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono okuxhumana, kuyoba usizo ukuqonda amasu okuqinisekiswa okungekho amazwi:

1. Hlala njalo uhlanzekile futhi uhlanzekile: noma ngabe izingubo azihambisani kahle nekhodi yokugqoka, umbono ophelele wengxoxo uzoba oqondile.
2. Zama ukulawula isimo nesimo somzimba. Inkulumo yomuntu akufanele ibe ne-neutral-positive futhi isabele ngezinguquko kuye ngokuthi inkambo ingxoxo.
3. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso phakathi nesenzo sokukhulumisana - ngokungaqondakali kubonakala njengomzamo wokumboza umlomo wakho, ngokufanele isitatimende sakho singamanga.
4. Funda "ukubukwa" ngesimo somzimba we-interlocutor. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokushisekela ngokweqile, hhayi ukubonakala njenge-caricatured.
5. Gwema izimpande "ezivaliwe" - ukuwela izingalo nemilenze. Lesi simo somzimba sibonisa ukuntuleka kokulungela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Ngesikhathi izintende ezivulekile nokumomotheka okuhle - zikwazi ukuhlela noma yiliphi i-interlocutor.

Izimo zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe

Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe isinikeze amathuluzi amasha ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana. Lawa amafoni, amafeksi, i-intanethi. Ukuxhumana ngosizo lwethekhnoloji kufanele kwakhiwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho efanayo nemigomo njengobuntu. Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imithetho yokuziphatha, izimiso zokuqhuba ibhizinisi kanye nengxoxo yomuntu siqu.