Impilo, Imithi
AB0 uhlelo ifa amaqembu igazi e abantu
Lokho ukumela iqembu igazi, kufanele wazi!
Antigen uhlelo igazi
Isakhiwo antigenic zomzimba womuntu liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuphela igazi isayensi yanamuhla eye wathola antigen mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu, abanobunye 40 izinhlelo antigenic: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis et al.
Ngayinye yalezi izinhlelo antigen is zofuzo ngofuzo futhi okubhalwe izakhi zofuzo allelic. Ukuze kube lula, bahlukene zibe plasma kanye neselula. Ukuze Haematology futhi Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi elibaluleke kakhulu yilokho antigen amangqamuzana (erythromycin, platelet ne leukocyte), ngoba immunogenicity (ikhono ntombazane amasosha omzimba), ngakho-ke kungavumelani ukumpontshelwa lwengqamuzana yegazi antigen we ingozi yokuthi umuntu abanjwe hematogenous noma DIC nge ebulalayo. Igazi antigen libe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i determinant antigenic, sokunquma immunogenicity we hapten, futhi "sisindvo" antigen nokuchaza umsebenzi serological.
Ingxenye yokuqala iyashesha ethize antigen ngamunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho uwahlukanise komunye nomunye. Ngakho, uhlelo ihlukanisa 0 AB0 antigen fucose antigen A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin futhi antigen B - galactose. Lezi etintfweni inamathelisiwe, kanye namasosha omzimba kakhulu ekuthuthukeni amasosha omzimba. Lezi antigen ziyabhekelelwa lapho ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, kanye lokha nababala ifa kungenzeka amaqembu igazi.
AB0 uhlelo kanye efeni laso
futhi agglutinogens (erythrocyte adhesion izici - A no B) - In okwamanje 1901 godu izinto agglutinate uyakwazi erythrocyte komunye nomunye, ababiziweyo agglutinins (α futhi β agglutination plasma izici) Kuye kwatholakala igazi lomuntu.
| iqembu igazi | uyise | |||||
| unina | Mina (00) | II (A0) | II (AA) | III (B0) | III (BB) | IV (AB) |
| Mina (00) | 00 - 100% | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | A0 - 100% | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | B0 - 100% | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% |
| II (A0) | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 50% AA - 25% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% |
| II (AA) | A0 - 100% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | AA - 100% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | AB - 100% | AA - 50% AB - 50% |
| III (B0) | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% B0 - 50% BB - 25% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% |
| III (BB) | B0 - 100% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AB - 100% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | BB - 100% | AB - 50% BB - 50% |
| IV (AB) | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AA - 50% AB - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% BB - 50% | AA - 25% BB - 25% AB - 50% |
Ayikho ebaluleke kancane ukwazi uhlobo RH isici, ngoba nayo ibalulekile kwedivayisi amaqembu igazi e igazi. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi RH-HIV (RH +) kungenzeka ukumpompela isiguli RH-negative (Rh-) igazi kanye kuphela impilo futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusukela ukumpontshelwa lokuqala ozokhula RH amasosha omzimba, ocushiwe ngaso kokumpontshelwa kwesibili (futhi umemukeli engozini ukuze sizofela ngu igazi ukushaqeka). Kungokufanayo futhi ukungqubuzana Rhesus nge ukukhulelwa umbungu ngegazi RH-HIV kusukela RH + Rh- Umama nobaba, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubala ifa lwegazi ingane.
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