Ukuphuka ... I-Bone fractures: izinhlobo, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nosizo lokuqala

Ukuphila komuntu wanamuhla ngezindlela eziningi kuhluke kulokho okwakungavamile, kuthi, kubakhileyo eNkathini Ephakathi. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezinjengokulimala, okubandakanya izivunguvungu, ukulimala kanye nokuhlukana, kusenzeka. Lesi sihloko sizinikele ekuqhekekeni kwamathambo. Kuyo sizozama ukucubungula kafushane izizathu zokubonakala kwazo, kanye nezinhlobo eziyinhloko.

Ukunqunywa kwamathambo ukuphuka emithi

Ukuze uqale ngakho kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngaleyo, ukuhlukunyezwa yilokho? Yini ehlanganiswe nomqondo wokuthi "ukuphuka" kuchwepheshe? Ngamazwi alula, ama-fractures angabandakanya noma yikuphi ukulimala okubonakala ekubhujisweni kwamanye amathambo omzimba wesintu. Ezokwelapha, leli gama lizwakala kanje: ukuphulwa kungukubhujiswa okuphelele noma okuncane kwethanga njengengxenye eyodwa, i-monolithic yomzimba, ukwephulwa kobuqotho bayo ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umphumela wokuhlukumeza udlula amandla awo.

Izizathu eziyinhloko lapho ithambo lingase liphule, ochwepheshe bafaka okulandelayo:

1. Ukulimala, okwakukhona lapho ukucindezela okuqinile kuwo wonke ubuso wethambo noma umthelela wokufaka amaphuzu kuwo ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
2. Ukucindezeleka ngokwehlukana, okuyi-microtraumatism ehlelekile yokujoyina okuthile noma ithambo.
3. Izifo ezenza ukunciphisa amandla onke ama-skeleton noma amathambo ngamanye kuwo.

Ngokwezibalo, ukuhlukumeza okuvamile kwesigungu: izingalo nemilenze. Endaweni yesibili kukhona ukuhlukana kwemiphetho. Ukuphuka kwamathambo e-skull nekholomu ye-vertebral yiyona engavamile.

Izinhlobo ze-fractures

Ngakho-ke, siphenduka kwesinye, akuyona inkinga ebalulekile, ephathelene nesici esinjengokuphenduka. Lolu hlobo lokulimala, kuye ngezimbangela ezibangele, lihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuhlukana kungatholakala futhi kubonakale, kubangele futhi kuphazamisekile. Ukuhlukana okubuhlungu kakhulu kubangelwa ukuwa, ukushaqeka kanye neminye imiphumela emangalisa emasendeni. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwamathambo kungabonakala ngisho nasesimweni sokuphumula okuphelele ezifweni ezifana ne-osteomyelitis, i-osteogenesis engaphelele, isifo se-Paget, i- osteoporosis, nabanye.

Njengoba ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuyinhloko kuwukuhlukumezeka, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili kuncike ekutheni izidakamizwa ezungezile zonakaliswe kanjani. Uma kukhona ukuphuka kwemicu ye-muscle kanye nesikhumba, kungukuqhekeka okuvulekile. Uma ithambo lesifuba elahlekelwe ubuqotho alilimazi isikhumba, khona-ke ukuphuka okunjalo kubhekisela kokuvaliwe. Ama-open fractures avuliwe ahlukaniswe abe yimpumelelo nesekondari: ngoba okokuqala kukhonjiswe ngendawo enkulu yokulimala ngokukhululwa kwezingcezu zamathambo ngaphandle, okwesibili - isilonda esincane esikhumbeni esabangelwa ukukhishwa kwesikhumba ngamathambo wezinto ngaphakathi.

Ubuhlobo bokuphuka kwamathambo wamasipha nakho kwaveza amaqembu amathanga amaningi ahlukanayo: i-helical, oblique, i-transverse ne-longitudinal, ihlukaniswe, ihlukaniswe futhi ihanjisiwe, inqanyuliwe, ixhunyiwe futhi igxiliwe.

Isibonelo, ukuphuka kwe- humerus noma i-femur kuvamise ukuguqulwa, ukudluliselwa noma ukude isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa isakhiwo samathambo, kanye nokukhushulwa kwabo. Ngokuvamile lapho izitho zilimala, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa nokuphuka. Lesi simo semithi sasibizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma. Ngokuvame ukutholakala ukuthi banokulimala kwe-hip, knee, elbow and ankle.

Izimpawu nezibonakaliso zezinhlanzi

Ukubonakala kwephulwa kwanoma iyiphi ithambo kungatholakala kalula. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ekuphuleni kwamathanga amathambo yizi: ubuhlungu obukhulu noma obuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu eziseduze, ukuhamba kwe-atypical, ukusebenza kwe-motor, nokubunjwa kwe-hematoma.

Ukuphuka kwe-humerus noma ithanga kungase kuhambisane nokubukeka kwesimo sokuhlelwa komuntu kanye nokubukeka okwesibhakabhaka kweminwe. Uma ithambo lisuswa, isitho sincishisiwe, kubonakala ubuhlungu obunzima lapho bezama ukuyithutha. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kuphukile, izingxenye zomzimba owonakele zikhishwa esigulini, futhi ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwegazi kuyo kubonakala futhi. Ama-fractures avulekile abonakala ngokuba khona kwesilonda ngegazi, lapho izingcezu zethambo zibonakala khona.

Ukuxilongwa kwamathambo okuhlukana

Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuxilongwa ngokusobala okusolakala ukuthi yi-fracture esicatshangelwayo, yiqiniso, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kanye ne-palpation. Ngosizo lwabo, ungathola izibonakaliso ezifana nokubonakala kwesisu nokunyuka kobuzwe bezintuthwane, kanye nokuhluleka ukwenza izinyathelo zomzimba omele ukulimala.

Umqondo ocacile wohlobo nohlobo lokuphulwa kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. Lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa lukuvumela ukuba uthole indawo yezingcezu zethambo, inombolo yabo. Njengomthetho, i-X-rays yenziwe ngamaphesenti amabili, ngoba lokhu yilokho okuvumela ukuthi kuqinisekiswe noma kungavumelani nokuba khona kwezingxenye zamathambo.

Usizo lokuqala lokuhlukana

Uma kubhekwa ukuphuka, kubalulekile ukuvimbela isilwane noma ingxenye ethile eyalimaza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile noma izindlela ezingalungile. Isondo eliqhekekile akufanele lilungise ngqo, kodwa futhi lihlangane namalunga afanele. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukucindezela ngokweqile kwezicubu ezithambile. Uma kutholakala ukuvuvukala okuvulekile kwilonda, ukugqoka okugcoba (uma kungenzeka) kungagqoka.

Ubuhlungu obunamandla bunganciphisa izidakamizwa. Esikhundleni sokuphuka, kufanele futhi ubeke okuthile okubandayo: iphakethe leqhwa, ibhodlela lamanzi, njalonjalo. Uma izimbambo ziphukile, isiguli siboshwe ngezinto ezithintekayo ekuphumuleni. Emva kwalolu hlelo, ungathutha isisulu esibhedlela esiseduze.