Ukuphoqelelwa kwemali yemvelo noma yemali evela kwabalimi ngesikhathi sezinduna zama-feudal

Sonke inyanga zonke siya emahhovisi ezimali ezinkampani zethu zokuphatha ukukhokha izikweletu zamanzi, igesi kanye negesi. Kanye kanye nezinyanga eziyisithupha, sibuye sivakashele intela ukukhokha intela (cishe kusuka kuma-ruble angu-100 nangaphezulu) kuhulumeni. Namuhla kuyisiko ukuyibiza ngokuthi "intela". Futhi kukhona lokhu ukuzibophezela kakade kudala ukuthi kubonakala kungavumelekile ukubiza usuku oluqondile lwalo. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izazi-mlando zihlupha kanjani ososayensi babo, lapho ukuhlangana kokuqala kwenzeka kumuntu, asisazi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukucabangela ukuqoqwa kwangaphambi kokuqala ngaphansi kwamakhosi okuqala nokuphela ngezikhathi zikaKolchak.

Ngabe emlandweni kukhona ukukhulunywa ngokucacile kwemibuthano evela kubantu?

Eyaziwa ngokukhethekile kule ndaba yile minyaka yobukhosi bama-feudal. Yiqiniso, abantu abavamile "baxhunyiwe" nangaphambilini, kodwa kwakungenziwa ngokukhethekile ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuphoqelelwa kwemali yemvelo noma yemali evela kubalimi - lokhu, ngamanye amazwi, kulungiswa futhi kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Esikhathini sokuqala (ukuvotelwa), kwakuyindaba yokukhokhela abalimi intela enomusa kumnikazi wabo. Lokhu kubhekisela emsebenzini. Isisindo esikhulu, eside futhi esingakhokhiwe. Esikhathini sesibili (obrok) konke kulula kakhulu - abasebenzi bekhokhwe ngokuvunwa, imali evela kuyo, imikhiqizo etholakala kuso. Kodwa kwakukhona "kodwa" - konke lokhu kwakufanele kunikezwe umninimzi wayo. Umbuzo ubeka kulokho ababezijwayele ngokwabo ukudla nokuphila kwabo. Kuyo, ngendlela, izazi-mlando zithola kunzima ukuphendula. Futhi lokhu ngaphandle kwamahlaya.

Obrok

Ngakho-ke, imali eyimpoqo yemvelo noma yemali evela kubalimi yaba nesiteji sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwayo ngesikhathi samakhosi angama-feudal. Kwakuyi-exit. Kwakukhona ekukhokheleni imali yomnikazi womhlaba ithuba lokusebenza ezweni lakhe. Izindleko zabalwa ngokususelwa endaweni yefa: kusuka engxenyeni ye-penny nge-acre nangaphezulu. Ngokwemvelo, akubona bonke abalimi abanemali. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bezindlu "abanakekelayo" basebenzisa ukudla esikhundleni semali. Baye baya etafuleni lenkosi, noma bathengiswa emakethe, futhi imali eyatholakala yafika enkosini ephaketheni lakhe.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi imali eyimpoqo yemvelo noma yemali evela kubahlali, ekhokhwa yinkosi yama-feudal, ayikhathaleli kuphela abalimi, kodwa nalabo ababethunjwe ngesikhathi semikhankaso yempi yezizwe. Ngakho-ke, inkosi yase-feudal yabelwa emazweni abo, izizwe ezahlala lapho kwakufanele zikhokhe intela ithuba lokuphila nokusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Ngokuvamile, isikhathi samakhosi angama-feudal saphazamisa abantu namakhosi abo. Imali eyimpoqo eyimpoqo noma yemali evela kubalimi iyasiza kakhulu kulokhu.

Esikhundleni se-corvée

Noma kunjalo, izidingo eziphezulu zabanikazi abazange bavumele njalo abalimi ukuba bakhokhele imali nokudla. Kunalokho, cishe ayisebenzi. Ngcono kakhulu, intela ayizange ikhokhwe ngokugcwele. Esibi kakhulu - ngezikhathi zokuvuna okubi - abalimi besabayo bathatha imindeni yabo futhi baqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, amakhosi angama-feudal akha uhlelo olusha.

Ngakho-ke, imali eyimpoqo eyimpoqo noma yemali evela kubalimi yaba yinto ephoqelekile futhi yemvelo. Umnikazi wendawo wayengafuni imali noma izitshalo ezivela kwabalimi. Umlimi ukhokhele ukuthi wasebenza mahhala ezweni lomnikazi.

Lolu hlelo lufanelwe nabaxhaphazi futhi lwaba khona kuze kube sekhulwini le-19. Futhi ngokusho kwemithombo ethile - kuze kube yi-20.

Ukunganaki kwabahlali kanye nemiphumela yalokhu

Kodwa inkukhu eyodwa ehlala njalo ayizange iqede. Isimo sengqondo sabalimi ngalezo zinsuku sasingcono kunezwe abalimi. Ukushiya izwe ukuqashwa, amakhosi angama-feudal anike lona kanye nabalimi ngokwabo. Ngamanye amazwi, umlimi uyingcosana kuphela kodwa insiza, into, imali, kodwa hhayi umphefumulo ophilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungekho ukuzwelana neziphathimandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimemezelo sikaCatherine II sabeka ngokuphelele abantu benkolelo kunoma yikuphi ubulungisa. Futhi lesi simiso sasiwukuthi abalimi babengenalo ilungelo lokukhononda ngabanikazi bezindlu zabo. Kwakungekho ndawo enjalo lapho kungekho bugebengu obwenziwe umlimi noma umndeni wakhe. Futhi cishe zonke lezi zimo zahlala zingalahlwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanini bomhlaba babezibheka njengabalungile, abanikazi abanikezelayo, nokuqoqwa kwemvelo noma ukuqoqwa kwemali kubantu basekhaya - impendulo yomusa wabo. Akungabazeki ukuthi noma yiyiphi yababusi okungenani babeke bacabange mayelana nokugcwaliseka kwemibandela yabo. Ukukwazi akuboni ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu futhi kusondele eminyakeni yama-1970.

Abasimilayo ePurachev Uprising

Isimo ezweni futhi ngakho-ke kwakungekho ndawo, ngenxa yezimpi eziguqukayo ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona "i-Gallant Age" egcekeni, okwakudinga ukuthi amakhosi angama-feudal asebenzise imali eningi kumuntu siqu. Konke okunye kwalokhu kwacindezela intamo yomuntu ovamile.

Noma kunjalo, noma yikuphi ukubekezela kuyaqedwa. Ukucindezelwa, ukuxhashazwa, izenzo zobugebengu nokuphoqelela intela yemvelo noma yemali, ekhokhelwa abalimi, bathola impendulo ngesimo sezimangalo eziqhubekayo nokuvukela. Okudumile kunazo zonke ukunamathela kwenani elikhulu labalimi be-Pugachev. Kwakungabalimi abavukelayo abakha ingxenye enkulu yebutho lakhe, okwenzeke kuphela ekukhuleni kokuvukela emazingeni angakaze abe khona.

Izimali zokukhansela

Abalimi, abangakwazi ukuthenga umhlaba wabo, babengashadile. Bonke abanye babengenakukhetha ngaphandle kokusebenzela umninikhaya, abajeziswa njalo. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izibalo ezivelele ezazizwelana nabo zilukhuni kanjani, imali ephoqelekile yemvelo noma yemali evela kubahlali yaphela lapho kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.