"Ubungane," into edume. Iphayiphi, elakhiwa ngo-kwamaSoviet

"Ubungane" (iphayiphi main) - inethiwekhi enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu for ukulethwa uwoyela kubathengi. Akuve ubudala, kodwa uhlelo okuthembekile. Lapho umbuso wamaSoviet wayengumuntu umzimba esinjalo, CMEA (Council for Usizo Mutual Economic). Kwaba inhlangano leyahlukahlukene anikezelwe nezindaba zomnotho ngenxa ukuxhumana lamazwe we Warsaw Pact atheleka. CMEA session ngo-1958 kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe into efana "Ubungane" (uwoyela) ukuze imithombo kawoyela emazweni sezenhlalo European.

Inqubo wathatha 4 iminyaka (1960-1964). Kwamanye amagatsha sekwakhiwe ngaphambili, kwathi ngo-1962 wathola amafutha lokuqala eCzechoslovakia. Kamuva, kusukela ngo-1968 kuya 1974, ngenxa ukwanda umthamo yamafutha Sakhe umugqa wesibili - "Druzhba 2".

Izici ukwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba" ngokucace ukukhombisa Ukubambisana eduze nokuhlanganiswa komnotho mutual lamazwe sezenhlalo. Iqiniso lokuthi ipayipi umsebenzi benza eSoviet Union, iCzechoslovakia wahlanganyela valve, amaphampu zonke izitshalo ziphuzo zazihluzwa kwakungamadodana ukukhiqizwa GDR (izinga German!), Futhi Hungary esasiphethe ezishintshayo imishini zokuxhumana.

Injongo ukwakhiwa kwalesi ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba"

"Ubungane" (uwoyela) Eqinisweni, kutshengisa ukuthi inqubomgomo yaseSoviet Union angaphandle kuleyo minyaka. Sici Its main kwakuwukuba kusizwe amazwe anobuhlobo sezenhlalo. Ngaleyo minyaka, basiza 'abafowabo' ngokusiza ngalokho ababengasiza ngakho. Ngokuvamile ngenkokhelo okuzisholo noma ngaphandle kwemali.

• Injongo yokuqala. Bond abiza ubungane obabuphakathi amazwe block empumalanga waseWarsaw. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo iphayiphi futhi ngokuthi "Ubungane".
• Umgomo wesibili. Izinqubomgomo, kodwa umnotho kuyinto umnotho. Ngaphandle kwamafutha Soviet emazweni sezenhlalo eziseMpumalanga Yurophu kwakunzima ukusinda, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa futhi ukuze lelisu zezenhlalakahle.

Thatha amafutha emathangini avuzayo kusukela capitalists babe akuzuzisi futhi kuyingozi. Kungazelelwe, efana, kuthiwani uma West ngeke anikele izimo ezikahle ngenjongo umbuso ushintsho? Bhekani ningethuki, ngokuba akazange akhuthaze Union futhi sasingeke sikubekezelele. Kwakukhona izibonelo. Umholi zaseYugoslavia, Marshal uJosip Broz Tito, wachitha eminye kwekuhlela kabusha avunyelwe ibhizinisi ayimfihlo ukubhuka, futhi uma eYugoslavia akhiwa ezweni isicebi, futhi Marshal azikutholi angamambuka.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le nto grand kwaqondana kokubili Izinjongo kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki abagqugquzeli phrojekthi. Ukwakhiwa kwaleli ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba" waba wabizela hhayi kuphela isimo sezombangazwe, kodwa futhi ngempela.

Lapho uwoyela Russian

Namuhla abukho elaseSoviet Union, akukho eCzechoslovakia, isiJalimane Democratic Republic akukho. izinguquko Umlando, futhi "Ubungane" (uwoyela) njalo lucwaningo umsebenzi wayo: yamafutha eRussia kuya emazweni eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Ukudiliva kwenziwa kusuka Tatarstan (Russia) ngokusebenzisa Ukraine futhi Belarus ePoland, eCzech Republic, Slovakia, eHungary eJalimane. Ngokwengxenye enkulu namuhla, uwoyela egcina Belarus, njengoba kukhona izinkinga ngohlangothi Ukraine, kodwa waba.

I ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba", Bryansk

Inethiwekhi ye namapayipi kawoyela main "Druzhba" kuyingxenye Ministry of Natural Resources kanye Lemvelo we Russian Federation. JSC "Wendlovu amafutha ahamba" Druzhba "has ihhovisi main e Bryansk kungenxa yokuthi esifundeni Bryansk unesikhundla ezindawo esiyingqayizivele Ezinye izindawo zalo asemingceleni Ukraine, kanti enye - .. Nge legatsha Belarus Main isuka Samara ukuba Bryansk, bese kufika. Mozyr (Belarus) Mozyr uhlelo sehlukaniswe amagatsha ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-.. enyakatho (Belarus) kanye eningizimu (Ukraine) Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuphatha iphayiphi of Bryansk.

legatsha Ukrainian we ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba"

Njengoba kakade ezichazwe ngenhla, ohlelweni Belarusian Mozyr sehlukaniswe amagatsha amabili. ingxenye South Ukrainian ipayipi isuka Mozyr ukuba Brody (Ukraine), bese ngokusebenzisa Galicia iTranscarpathia eYurophu. Zisebenzisa lesi siqondiso inkampani Ukraine "Ukrtransnafta".

State uwoyela iphayiphi "Druzhba" e-Ukraine namuhla

I ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba" e-Ukraine namuhla akuyona seyisebenza ngokugcwele, ngakho Russia uphoqelekile ukuba ufune uwoyela ukuzama sendleleni eya eYurophu. Plus, "Ukrtransnafta" yaphinde yamemezela inhloso yayo sephule inkontileka ka 1995 nge Russia ekusebenzeni into. Lokhu kungenxa zonke ezimbi isimo sangaphakathi zezombusazwe e-Ukraine futhi izinkinga zokwenza enobudlelwane neRussia.

Ingozi i ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba"

Ekupheleni isihloko uzokutshela okuncane mayelana ngozi i ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Druzhba". Kusukela izinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu abaphelele, ngakho abafundi ngeke ukwazi ukuthi izinto zazinjani nge into.

Kwaba uwoyela ukuvuza. Hhayi ezibucayi, musa abangele imiphumela eyinhlekelele, kodwa babengesibo. On the ingxenye Ukrainian lamafutha ukuvuza kwavela ngenxa emthethweni ngokushaya tube. Elinye lamacala eyayidume kakhulu yenzeka Julayi 2012 eTranscarpathia, ngo Mukachevo wesifunda. yingxenye yethani uwoyela Khona kwaphumela umsele amanzi.

Kwakukhona nelukuluku futhi efika kuqala isimo. Kodwa ngenxa enjalo curiosities uma umonakalo uhlelo iphayiphi. It wathola impendulo isimo enkulu ukuthi wazalwa ngo-October 2012. opharetha esiteshini phezu Slovak kanye Czech amasayithi waphawula ukungasebenzi amadivaysi. kamuva kwavela ukuthi uhlelo ithole amakhondomu izingono iraba inqwaba. Futhi ipayipi ivimbekile ku Ukraine.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, sase spoilt ngendlela efanayo ngesikhathi Hungarian amayunithi control esiteshini. Ngo ukuxhumana nomphakathi, wags eziningi zashaya bathokoza. Kodwa isizathu wawungewona kumnandi. Zonke elula banal. Othile ishayisa ipayipi, ukweba uwoyela izinto eziningi ezinkulu, njengoba e uphonsa imikhiqizo iraba, ukuze ukudida amamitha "esezansi" emifuleni uwoyela.