Ubudala bomhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni (ithebula). Izimpesheni emazweni ahlukene: ukuqhathanisa

Ubudala bomhlalaphansi buhlukile emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni. Futhi, umbuso ngamunye unemithetho yayo yokungena ekuphumuleni okufanelwe kahle. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi imali eyakhokhwa kumuntu iningi emazingeni ahlukene. Izwe ngalinye linemithetho yalo kulokhu. Yini ehlukanisa izinhlelo zempesheni emhlabeni kusukela ekubambeni kwemali eRussia ekugugeni? Yiziphi izici okufanele ngizinake? Uneminyaka engakanani ubudala wehla ekuphumuleni okufanelekile endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye indawo? Kungcono kunzima ukuphendula, ngoba njalo ngonyaka emhlabeni ushintsho oluhlukahlukene lwenzeka ngokuqondene nabahola impesheni. Thola okungenani izimpendulo ezilinganiselwa mayelana nobudala obungakanani bokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni, itafula lizosiza. Abantu bakudala bathola kuphi ukusekelwa okungcono?

Izinhlelo ezintathu

Okwamanje, kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa kuphela emhlabeni ezikuvumela ukuthi unqume ubukhulu bezinzuzo zakho zomhlalaphansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile. Ngokuphelele, izinto ezinjalo ziyi-3. Uhlelo ngalunye lunokuzikhethela kwalo kanye nama-nuances. Kuzodingeka zicatshangelwe nakanjani.

Iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene nobukhulu bayo yonke indawo ihlukile. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, ukheshi kungabalwa yizindlela ezilandelayo:

• Kuhlelo oluxhaswe ngabanye;
• Uhlelo lokusabalalisa olusekelwe ezintela (impesheni);
• Isakaza ngesisekelo sezimali ezijwayelekile zentela.

Kodwa iminyaka lapho uvumelekile ukuba uhambe ngokuphumula okufanelwe kahle, njengomthetho, ihlukahluka. Kuningi kuxhomeke esimweni kulokhu noma kulelizwe, kanye nokuphila kwabantu okujwayelekile.

Amadoda nabesifazane

Kodwa-ke, iminyaka yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ihlukahluka ngezwe ngamadoda nabesifazane. Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, amazwe, lapho bobabili "ingxenye ebuthakathaka" yesibalo sabantu, futhi "abanamandla" bafinyelela ithuba lokufinyelela ukuphumula okufanelwe kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo, bambalwa kakhulu.

Konke lokhu kuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi abesifazane bayabonakala bebuthakathaka futhi bengapheli isikhathi eside. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigamu esihle somphakathi sihlala isikhathi eside kunamadoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubude benkonzo, abaningi bafaka isikhathi sokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.

Amadoda cishe athola ilungelo lokuphumula okufanele kamuva. Babhekwa njengabahola abakhulu bemali, banamandla futhi bahlala njalo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba izibalo zibonisa, ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yesilisa yomphakathi onesikhathi esifushane sokuphila.

Izitayela zamanje

Umbuso ngamunye uzama ukushiya uhlelo lwempesheni esimweni esisimeme. Kodwa ezimweni zanamuhla kunzima kakhulu ukwenza lokhu. Ngo-2015-2016, iminyaka yobudala bomhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni yaqala ukwanda. Noma kulezi zizwe zaqala ukuxoxa ngenkuthalo lezi zinguquko. Inkinga yomhlaba wonke yenza uzizwe - ukusebenza, uma ungabandakanyi abahola impesheni, cishe akukho muntu. Izimali ezitholakalayo kumgcinimafa ezivela ezweni ngalinye azanele zonke izindleko. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokugcwalisa kabusha, kubalulekile ukuphoqelela abantu ukuthi basebenze isikhathi eside.

Ngakho-ke, umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni (itafula lizovela) liguquguqukayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ngalezi zici njalo. Mhlawumbe kulokhu noma kuleso simo sekukhona izinguquko zempesheni!

Futhi emazweni athile akhulumi nje kuphela ngokwanda kwenkathi yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kodwa futhi mayelana nokulingana kwalesi sibonakaliso phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane. Kunoma yikuphi, manje ngeke kube nezinguquko ezinkulu - isinyathelo esinjalo sizoholela ekuhlukumezeni okujwayelekile. Inani labantu alungele ukulibazisa ngokuphumula ukuphumula kwabo ngokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, cishe wonke amazwe aseqalile ukuhamba kancane, kodwa ngokuzethemba akhulise iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukudala ukulimala okuncane kubantu.

Okuyingqayizivele yezinhlelo zempesheni

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwakheka kwezimali zempesheni. Sekushiwo ukuthi amazwe asebenzisa izimiso ezahlukene zokubala imali "yobudala." Indlela ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana. Yiziphi izici kanye nemigomo yokuqashwa kwempesheni okufihlakele kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezingu-3 ezikhona zempesheni?

Umuntu ngamunye-oxhaswa ngemali - yilo lapho isakhamuzi isebenza, ingxenye yemali yakhe yokukhokhelwa idluliselwa kwisiKhwama sePensheni. Kungenzeka ukuthi kumqashi omncane. Okunye okuvela kulezi zindleko kuzokwakhiwa impesheni ekugugeni.

Ukunikezwa ngesisekelo emithethweni yempesheni - abasebenzi bamanje abasindisi imali yabo. Badlulisela ingxenye yemiholo yokukhokha impesheni kulabo abahola impesheni. Ngakho-ke, "imali yabo yokuguga" izisebenzi ezinjalo zizothola izindleko zabasebenzi ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Ukuhlinzekela ngesisekelo sezintela ezijwayelekile - ukheshi ukhokhwa ngezimali ezitholwa isikhwama sentela.

Izithembiso zamazwe

Ubudala bokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene bubekwa ngokuhlukahlukene. Endaweni ethile likhulu, endaweni ethile kancane. Iziphi izithembiso ezinikezwa abanye abathi kulokhu? Phakathi kwezitatimende eziyinhloko kukhona:

1. U-Ukraine, othembisa ukukhulisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwabesifazane abangaphansi kuka-60. Lezi zinguquko kufanele zenzeke ngo-2021.
2. IKazakhstan ifuna ukwandisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kumadoda nabesifazane ngo-2018. Manje bahlela ukukwenza eminyakeni engama-63.
3. EBrithani nasePoland, ukuphumula okufanelwe kuyobekwa kuphela kusukela eminyakeni engu-67.
4. E-US, kuhlelwe ukukhulisa ngokweqile iminyaka yobudala - kusukela eminyakeni engama-65 kuya kweyengu-69.
5. I-France izoletha ithuba lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kuze kube seminyakeni engu-62.

Lezi izinguquko eziyinhloko abafuna ukuzenza ekuphileni emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, njengoba ochwepheshe bethi, akusekho uhlelo lwempesheni oluhle kanye nobudala obuhle bokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Umsebenzi omude kakhulu

Luhlobo luni lomhlalaphansi olwenzeka emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni? Ubani osebenza kakhulu? Noma kunalokho, omude kunabo bonke abanye? Into ewukuthi uma ungacabangi izinhlelo zamazwe ukukhulisa umhlalaphansi, ngaleso sikhathi ngemva kokuphumula okufanelekile kulindeleke izakhamuzi zase-Albania.

Lapha, amadoda athatha umhlalaphansi eminyakeni engu-69.5, nabesifazane - ku-64.5. Futhi sebenze isikhathi eside kunabo bonke abanye kufanele babe izakhamizi eDenmark. Lapha, kuwo wonke umuntu, kunomkhawulo wokuphuma ekuphumuleni okufanelekile. Bobabili amadoda nabesifazane abahlala eDenmark baphuma "ekuphumuleni" eneminyaka engu-67.

Lolu hlu kufanele lubandakanye iJalimane. Isikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni sivame ukuhlukana nesigamu somphakathi nesilisa. Kodwa imithetho isebenza kumaJalimane, naseDenmark - bonke bayalingana nendaba yokufika ekuphumuleni okufanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvunyelwe ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngemuva kwe-67.

Ngezansi konke

Futhi ngubani emhlabeni osebenza kancane kunabo bonke? Sekushiwo ukuthi uhlelo lwempesheni luhlala lubhekene nezinguquko kumbuso ngamunye. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye indawo ethile yokuthola ukuphumula okufanelekile yiyona ephansi kakhulu.

Phakathi kwamazwe anjalo ngalesi sikhathi yi-Belarus. Kulo, amadoda athola umhlalaphansi onama-60, nabesifazane - abaneminyaka engu-55. Nazi iRussia ne-Ukraine. E-Turkey, amadoda aya eholidini elifanelwe kahle njengamazwe ashiwo ngaphambilini, kodwa abesifazane kumele basebenze kuze kube ngu-56. EFrance, bonke bathola impesheni nge 60.

Lawa mazwe abaholi abangenakubekezeleka ekungeneni ukuphumula okufanelwe kahle. Lokhu kuphela akusho ukuthi izinga lokuphila labahola impesheni phakathi kwalabo abangase bangasebenzi ekuqaleni kungcono noma kubi kakhulu. Konke kuxhomeke emithethweni esebenza ekubunjweni kwezimali zempesheni.

Abaholi ngezimpesheni

Manje iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene iyaqondakala (itafula lizonikwa ngezansi). Kodwa ingabe ngandlela-thile kuthinta imali etholakele? Empeleni, hhayi ngempela. Ngokuyinhloko, konke kuxhomeke enhlalakahle yezwe. Njalo indawo izinga lempesheni lihlukile. Abaningi ngokujwayelekile bazama ukulondoloza imali yobudala, ukuze bangaxhomeki kuhulumeni.

Manje izinkokhelo eziphezulu kakhulu zempesheni eFrance zithola izakhamizi. Uma udlulisela impesheni empesheni, khona-ke kulesi sizwe, umuntu unelungelo lama-ruble angu-42-43 ayizinkulungwane. Khona-ke ungafaka ohlwini lwabahola impesheni "abacebile" eJalimane - 32-33 izinkulungwane. EJapane, amaholo asempesheni athole ama-27 500, e-United States kancane kancane - angu-24-25.

Izimpesheni eziphansi kakhulu

Ubudala bokuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene (itafula linikezwa), njengoba sekuvele kubonakala, ayinayo impembelelo enkulu ekukhokheni. Yikuphi okungenani amazwe asekela abantu abaye baphumula kahle?

Okwamanje, amaphesheni aphansi kakhulu ase-China. Lapha umuntu uhlelwe cishe ama-ruble angu-9 500 ngenyanga. E-Latvia - 9 300. Futhi phakathi kwamazwe ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwemali okungenani kubomakhelwane babo njengezimpesheni, iRussia ibalwe. Ngokolunye ulwazi ngokulinganisa, umuntu uthole ama-ruble angu-8-9 ayizinyanga. Akuwona wonke umuntu onokukhokha okunjalo okuphansi, kodwa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kusele ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

Izici zesistimu yempesheni ye-Russian Federation

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni, njengoba kwacaca, kuguquka njalo. Futhi maduzane, abantu abaningi bafuna ukwandisa kakhulu. Uhlelo lwempesheni yeRussian Federation idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile . Uvame ukubekezelela izinto ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, abantu abawazi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani. Abaningi abazethembi kuhulumeni futhi bazame ukubeka eceleni imali yabo yokuguga.

Iphuzu liwukuthi uhlelo lokushaya amaphesenti luye lwasebenza eRussian Federation kusukela maduzane. Ukuze uthole imali yokuguga, kufanele ube nerekhodi lomsebenzi weminyaka engu-7 no-30 okuthiwa amaphuzu omhlalaphansi. Kuye ngokuthi zingaki zalezi "amaphuzu" afanayo kwi-akhawunti yesakhamuzi, kuzokwakhiwa impesheni.

Futhi, iminyaka yokuthola ukuphumula okufanelekile ku-RF ifuna ukwandisa, futhi ngokuphawulekayo. Kuhlelwe ukwandisa imikhawulo ekhona njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Futhi ulethe iminyaka yobudala yabesifazana iminyaka engama-60, namadoda - kuya ku-63. Ukusebenzisa lo mbono ufuna iminyaka engu-2020-2021. Abantu abaningi ababi ngalezi zinguquko. Ngemuva kwalokho, abanye abahola impesheni, abanikezwe isikhathi sokuphila esijwayelekile ezweni, ngeke babone imali yabo. Noma ngabe ngeke bazithole isikhathi eside kakhulu. Yingakho eRussia bahlongoza kancane kancane ukukhula komhlalaphansi.

Futhi eRussia Federation kukhona uhlelo lokuqoqa okwakhiwa kwamapensheni. Ngo-2017, ingxenye ekhokhelwa izinkokhelo izobe "iqhwa" kuze kube ngu-2019. Lesi silinganiso siphoqelelwe - ukuphuma kule nkinga.

Ithebula

Manje kucacile ukuthi umhlalaphansi omningi kufaneleke emazweni ahlukene. Ithebula elingezansi lizocacisa ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwamanye amazwe.

Lolu hlu lungenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube phakade. Into esemqoka ukuthi bahlela ukukhulisa iminyaka yobudala. Akekho owazi ukuthi uzokwenzani kahle eminyakeni embalwa kule ndawo noma kule ndawo. Ubudala bomhlalaphansi emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Sidinga ukulandelela izinguquko ezisebenzise.