Umthwalo wokuphatha izinhlangano ezingokomthetho: eziyisisekelo kanye nezici isicelo

Ngo theory zomthetho kanye umkhuba omunye imiqondo maphakathi iyona "umthwalo". Ngaphansi ngokuvamile libhekisela isihloko ubuhlobo nesimo, umphakathi noma elinye ibhizinisi. Ngebanga lalokho, lokhu ubuhlobo ukuthi le ndaba ngesikhathi ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane livele izibopho ezithile ukuthi kukhona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ku ekuhambisaneni nezimfuneko ezisebenza ngokuhambisana nalesi sivumelwano.

Isihloko lezi ubudlelwane kungaba izakhamuzi hhayi kuphela umuntu (njengabantu ngabanye), kodwa futhi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, ie inhlangano. Ngokufaka izivumelwano ezithile, engena ezindlini ngezindlu nokuxhumana isimo noma nezinye izinhlangano, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho Uyabophezeleka ukuqaliswa lezi zivumelwano, kanye nemisebenzi ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho.

Umbuzo ukuthi kungenzeka isibopho sezomthetho nezokuphatha izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, ephakanyiswe ngokuphindaphindiwe anhlobonhlobo izincwadi zomthetho. Ngempela, inhlangano, ngokukhethekile, ayinakho engqondo ngenxa yalokho ubalekela enjalo esibalulekile ukoniwa njengoba iwayini. Nokho, kuze kube manje, zonke izingxoxo esikhathini esidlule. tinchubo Administrative behileleka njengabantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho.

Isingeniso umkhuba umthetho akuyinto ezifana "izikweletu zemali nezokuphatha abantu zomthetho", okusho ukuthi idatha izinhlangano ibhizinisi kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho jikelele Ikhodi bokuPhatha Amacala. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlangano esemthethweni, esimweni ukumlethela sezomthetho zokuphatha kuyoba kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano ephoqelela izinhlawulo ezinjalo, inqubo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo futhi isikhalazo jikelele.

The main lomthetho Corpus delicti, ngenxa okufanele ukukhuluma mayelana umqondo ezifana okubhekene nezokuphatha abantu zomthetho, Ingxenye ekhethekile Ikhodi Administrative libabiza ukoniwa ngenxa lapho kuhlasela ukuphila, impilo kanye epidemiological inhlalakahle izakhamuzi, impahla yokuvikela imvelo, ukuqonda komphakathi kanye yomphakathi ukuphepha.

Izici okubhekene nezokuphatha abantu zomthetho okuzuza, okokuqala kunakho konke, izici yezingxenye esemqoka of the ukwakheka ieala zokuphatha kuqhathaniswa idatha amalungelo izifundo. Ngakho, izinto eyinhloko amacala zokuphatha kukhona ukuvikelwa ngamunye, kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye nenkululeko namalungelo olunikezwa umthetho, ukuvikelwa ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa isimo izithakazelo esisemthethweni ezezimali nezomnotho (kokubili abantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho).

Kakhulu ukuze wazi ukoniwa udlala isihloko ukuthola isenzo esingekho emthethweni. Kulokhu, isihloko kufanele uqashelwe njengenkolo esemthethweni. Ngo esebenza ezweni lethu futhi izinhlinzeko zoMthetho amalungelo ezakhamuzi administrativnoogo kukhona iphuzu elibalulekile, Ngokuhambisana lapho izikhonzi ukoniwa efanayo zokuphatha kungaba kokubili zomthetho futhi umuntu wemvelo. Ngakho, ukuqashelwa imisebenzi okungekho emthethweni inhlangano engokomthetho akuyona izaba kulabo bayizakhamuzi ngqo kwenziwe lo msebenzi.

Omunye izakhi eziyinhloko kufakwe welithi "isibopho sezomthetho nezokuphatha abantu zomthetho", ukhuluma iwayini njengesifanekiselo ohlangothini subjective of the isenzo ekhubazekile. Ngemva kwemithandazo nezingxoxo eziningi futhi ukucaciseleka beNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo okwamanje sakhi umthetho Russian ubonakala njengeNkosi esimweni sengqondo sawo wonke ithimba ngokuvamile, nge indima ebalulekile kwabasebenzi abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Njengasendabeni yabase ngabanye, amafomu main wecala kukhona ngenhloso nokunganaki.