I federal umthetho ezemfundo Russian Federation: izihloko, okuqukethwe kanye nokuphawula

UMthetho wezeMfundo Russian Federation - Umthetho 273, wadlula Duma State ngezi-21 December 2012, ke ulawula ngokugcwele lezemfundo ezweni lakithi. Namakhanda izikhungo zemfundo, le dokhumenti liyincwadi reference, uhlobo neBhayibheli, kudingeka ukwazi futhi ukulandela ngokucophelela wonke la malungiselelo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi bobabili abazali kanye nabafundi ezikhungweni ezahlukene zemfundo futhi wajwayelana nezinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo soMthetho.

Ngeshwa, kwesinye isihloko akunakwenzeka ukuba ingenzele ngokuningiliziwe wonke uMthetho, layo yonke iphuzu. Sizohlaziya ukhiye, amalungiselelo ebaluleke kakhulu ukusiza amakhasimende iningi lezinhlelo ezemfundo, t. Ukuze. Federal Law "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" isetshenziswa izinkulisa, izikole, amakolishi, amanyuvesi, kanye nabanye.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Imfundo - inqubo olulodwa okunenjongo ngendlela akhuliswa nemfundo lomuntu oyedwa, isiqalo nesigcino ulwazi kuluthola, amakhono, okuhlangenwe nakho, izindinganiso zokuziphatha, izimo zengqondo. Umgomo - kumiswa isakhamuzi athuthukiswe ngokuphelele nalo okusezingeni eliphezulu ekukhuleni, ngokomzimba, kwamasiko, ngokomoya nangokokuziphatha.

Kuyiphutha ukuthi bakholelwa ukuthi imfundo kuphela ulwazi. Lapha esisebenza nge amagama angafanele.

Imfundo - yokufuna okunenjongo elwati nemakhono.

Imfundo - inqubo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ezingokomoya nezokuziphatha yomuntu, ngenxa okuyinto kumele kwenzeke ukuthuthukiswa imithetho ezivamile kanye namazinga.

Ezemfundo ihlanganisa nokuqeqeshwa (yokufuna ilwazi namakghono), imfundo (ukuthuthukiswa amazinga ajwayelekile), kanye nentuthuko ngokomzimba.

Teacher: umqondo, izimfuneko imfundo

Ukufundisa isisebenzi - umuntu okhipha inqubo yemfundo. Ubizwa oqashwe inhlangano zemfundo wenza imisebenzi ethile esenana inkokhelo. Ngaphambi FZ uMthetho "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" kwavunyelwana, kwakungelona ezingeni zomthetho noma yimiphi imikhawulo ngokuthatha isikhundla uthisha esikoleni, uthisha enkulisa. Esikoleni, kwakuyinto evamile ngempela ukubona uthisha indoda, naye ngokwakhe ngokulambisa uwuqedile ngesikhathi esifanele. In the ukungabikho kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, amaholo aphansi yothisha, bambalwa abantu wahamba amanyuvesi Pedagogical. Okwenezela kule nkinga iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu zabafundi abathole iziqu abagcina unqume ukuxhumanisa izimpilo zabo ezikhungweni zemfundo.

Namuhla kuhlukile: umthetho "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" usungula mthetho ukwenza imisebenzi zokufundisa abantu abangenayo nezimfuneko ezifanele. Ngo Art. 46 yoMthetho ngokucacile inikeza ukuthi ilungelo ukuba imfundo umsebenzi ungumuntu kuqede ezikhethekile yesibili noma ngaphezulu semfundo. Ezemfundo lulodwa alwanele. Kuyohlale kudingeka futhi aphumelele lunye "Pedagogy" olwengeziwe, uma eyunivesithi noma amakolishi kungukuthi efundisa isicelo.

Document kwezemfundo

UMthetho "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" kuhilela Ukukhishwa nemibhalo eyesekayo (isitifiketi, I diploma) ngoba ukudlula amazinga elandelayo emfundweni:

1. jikelele Eyisisekelo.
2. Ukuthini Imininingwane.
3. sokufundela kokuqala.
4. Phakathi okhokhelwayo.
5. Imfundo Ephakeme - impohlo.
6. Imfundo ephakeme - amakhono.
7. Imfundo Ephakeme - Masters.

Uhlelo lwemfundo

UMthetho "Ngo Ezemfundo we Russian Federation" (inguqulo yakamuva) iqukethe sabaphathi yezingxenye esemqoka ohlelweni eyodwa imfundo:

1. I federal amazinga kanye neziqondiso zikahulumeni - kuyinto imibhalo normative okuyinto ziyadingeka ukuze bafeze imisebenzi zemfundo izikole, izikhungo, amakholiji, njll Akunandaba isimo inhlangano zemfundo :. Commercial, kwezimali, breech - uma enelayisensi ukukhipha imibhalo efanele, ke ubophekile ukuba afeze ukuqeqeshwa nezindinganiso ezisekelwe.
2. Ukuqaliswa ngokushesha imfundo: izikhungo zemfundo, kothisha, abafundi, abameleli zomthetho.
3. I federal kahulumeni, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngizithiba. Iqhaza main kungokwalabo Federal Wemisebenzi Kahulumeni ukuze Ukugada kwezemfundo (Rosobrnadzor). Ezindaweni, lo msebenzi wenziwa ezindaweni eMnyango Wezemfundo. Bona Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kokusebenza amazinga isimo ezikhungweni zemfundo.
4. Izinhlangano ukuhlinzeka imisebenzi zemfundo. Ezindaweni isabelomali ngezimali izikole ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni amakomiti lesifunda. Futhi ukuqhuba temisebentiluhlolo endaweni ngaphansi kokulawula zonke izikole.
5. Associations of abantu wemvelo noma womthetho bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe zemfundo. Isibonelo okuphawuleka inyunyana yothisha.

Izinjongo namazinga likahulumeni

UMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" indawo ukhiye kunikezwa ngezindinganiso likahulumeni. Zenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ubunye imfundo. Kule kusobala ukuthi kulo lonke leli zwe, abafundi bathole i-level ezifanayo imfundo, okusho nokulingana ithuba.
2. Ukuqhubeka. Naphezu lwekutfutfukisa futhi izinguquko ohlelweni lwezemfundo, ukwethulwa amazinga amasha kanye nezidingo, injongo ukhiye - ukulondoloza phambili. Minyaka yonke ayikwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele ohlelweni lonke ngenxa yenzuzo zesikhashana zezombangazwe nezomnotho.
3. Variability. Naphezu ubunye imfundo ngokuvamile, umthetho phezu imfundo eRussia aqede nohlaka nokhahlo wobushiqela ubunye uma kutholwa. Kuye ikhono, isifiso, isikhathi, ukudala izinto ezahlukene ongazikhetha ekuzuzeni imisebenzi ethile.
4. Okuqinisekisiwe. Kusobala ukuthi isimo elawula ubunye imfundo kulo lonke leli zwe.

Ungafunda usekhaya! izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa

Kunzima ukucabanga umuntu Soviet, kodwa zoMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" inikeza ukuqeqeshwa hhayi kuphela ezikhungweni zemfundo. Isigaba 17 ubala amafomu elamukelekayo imfundo:

1. Ngendlela evamile - izikhungo ezikhethekile zemfundo.
2. Ngo enye indlela - iyona izikhungo ezikhethekile zemfundo.

Ifomu bendabuko uhlukaniswe:

1. Isikhathi esigcwele.
2. Ukuxhumana.
3. Ingxenye esigcwele.

yokufunda Ibanga is kuyanda kulezizinsuku. Ngo engu kolwazi nobuchwepheshe usuyafezeka ngokuvakashela iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi, nemibukiso ezingavamile ngakolunye uhlangothi umhlaba ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya. Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana singene futhi ukuqeqeshwa.

UMthetho "Ngo Ezemfundo we Russian Federation" - umthetho omusha. Nokho, lokho akusho bungakhiphi imfundo ibanga njengoba wodwana. Lo mfundi ekhaya ukubanjwa lilungele isimiso ngabanye, ilalela izinkulumo ukude, usebenzisa iziteshi zokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, imfundo ibanga kungokwalabo esigabeni yokufunda ibanga.

olunye uhlobo

Ingane ubathumele esikoleni namuhla ukuthola diploma esikoleni esiphakeme. UMthetho "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" ivumela kwakungenzeka lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo inike imali ngezinye izindlela imfundo ngengane ngayinye.

izinhlobo

Ithola isitifiketi ngaphandle kwesikole ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo:

1. imfundo Family.
2. Self-imfundo.

imfundo oluphakathi kwamalungu omkhaya luhilela yokufunda umsebenzi wahlela ukuba umkhaya. Kungenxa uhlobo olufanayo uhulumeni ngeke akhokhe isinxephezelo. Yiqiniso, esikoleni kuba buhlungu kakhulu osabela ngayo kukho. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: akekho ofuna ukuba ngaphandle Iholo. umkhuba yeKambiso ebonisa ukuthi izinkantolo ngokuphelele ohlangothini abazali. isinxephezelo emaphakathi umfundi phakathi futhi abaphathi abaphezulu lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane 10. ruble.

Inkinga kwezingane ukuheha njengoba zokuhlanza

Emsebenzini esikoleni - isiko eseke nathi kusukela esikhathini esidlule Soviet. Abazali abaningi namanje ungaboni inkinga mopping izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka nejoka esikoleni. Nokho, Article 34 yoMthetho ngokucacile sihlinzekela imvume yabazali yokuhileleka enjalo kwezingane. Ingabe Amakilasi saziso kubuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa zabasebenzi. Kuyinto kulezi abafundi ngokomthetho, ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo likahulumeni ukuletha inguquko ukusebenza: ukuthunga, ukupheka, zokhuni. Yonke enye into - kuphela ngesicelo abazali.

Imiphumela

Ngakho, umthetho main olulawula emkhakheni wezemfundo, - Federal Law ". On Ezemfundo we Russian Federation" izihloko yakhe aqukethe incazelo lenhlangano lwezemfundo inqubo emakhono iziphathimandla zendawo kanye izinhlobo izinhlobo imfundo, imithetho izitifiketi zokugcina nabanye. Letincenye ezithakazelisa kakhulu lo mthetho sixoxile esihlokweni.