Ubani isazi sezinto eziphilayo? Yini isayensi efundayo ku-biology?

Isazi sezinto eziphilayo sizibiza ngokuthi uthisha walesi siyalo esikhungweni sezemfundo, isazi esimweni sokucwaninga ngezifuzo, isisebenzi segadi yezitshalo noma i-zoo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwakho konke, ubani ongu-biologist? Iyini le mkhakha? Ubani onelungelo lokubhekwa njengesazi sezinto eziphilayo? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zisesifundo sethu esincane.

I-biology isayensi

Isayensi, ehambisana nokucwaninga kwayo yonke impilo emhlabeni, ngokuqala ngamabhaktheriya amakhulu, ekupheleni kwezinqubo zokuphila zomuntu.

Umuntu of izinqubo zokuphila okunengqondo, ukufana kanye umehluko ezifweni eziphilayo, umehluko endaweni yokuhlala izitshalo nezilwane sekuyisikhathi eside nesithakazelo. Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi seNkathi Ephakathi edabukisayo, ukuba nesithakazelo esiningi kakhulu ekucwaningweni kwakungenzeka ukuba kufike emlilweni. Enye into - i-Renaissance. Ubuciko nesayensi kwaqala ukuba yi-premium, zonke izikole zesayensi zasungulwa, kanti izamamyuziyamu zokuqala zesayensi yemvelo zavela.

Ubani isazi sezinto zakudala zakudala? Kungaba isilwane, i-alchemist, nomsunguli we-menagerie yokuqala. Leli gama elithi "isayensi yezinto eziphilayo" livele kuphela ngekhulu le-19, lapho kusakazwa umkhiqizo owodwa konke okuhlobene nokucwaninga kwezinhlobo eziphilayo zokuphila emhlabeni ("bio" - impilo, "logos" - isayensi) yahlanganiswa.

Biology

I-biology iyisayensi yokuphila. Umqondo onjalo jikelele. Kuye ngesifundo esithile sokutadisha, isayensi yezobuchwepheshe ehlukile ihlukaniswa:

• Zoology yisayensi yezilwane.
• Botany - ukutadisha umhlaba wezitshalo.
• I-Physiology and Anatomy - isayensi yezinqubo zokuphila kanye nesakhiwo somzimba womuntu.
• I-microbiology ne-Virology. Isihloko sokutadisha kwabo sibonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Morphology - ihlola isakhiwo nesimo sezinto eziphilayo.

Kanti izindawo eziyinhloko zahlukaniswa kancane kancane zibe yizici ezincane kanye nokuzikhethela, okufana nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi kuyaqhubeka. Namuhla, kunezindawo ezingaphezu kwengu-70 ze-biology. I-Ocean biology, i-anthropology, i-cytology, i-neurobiology, imvelo yilezi ezinye zazo. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo senza ndawonye ndawonye bonke abameleli bokuzikhethela ezithile kanye neziqondiso ezihambisana nesayensi eyodwa.

Ubudlelwano namanye ama-science

Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezwe, ngenxa yokungena kososayensi ezindaweni ezijulile zolwazi, ukuxhuma okujulile kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izigwegwe kwatholakala. Ubani isazi sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wanamuhla? Ngaphandle kwendabuko yezokwelapha kanye ne-botanist, uyisayensi yezinto eziphilayo, isazi samakhemikhali, isazi se-biometric, isazi sezinto eziphilayo zendawo, isazi sezinto eziphilayo zabasebenzi, bionic. Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo zanamuhla ingafana nomlingisi omuhle, udokotela noma isazi sezibalo.

Uthini isazi sezinto eziphilayo?

Le mbono iyancipha kakhulu. Kodwa ubani ophilayo wezinto eziphilayo? Uphi indawo yakhe yokusebenzela? Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, njengoluhlu lokugxila kwezinto eziphilayo. Konke kuxhomeke esiqondisweni esikhethiwe. Umfundi oqeqeshwe esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni esifanayo angaba uthisha esikoleni samabanga aphansi, noma angaqhubeka nokuxhumana kwakhe nesayensi futhi azinikele ekutadisheni ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Izazi zezilwane zisebenza ngempumelelo nezilwane ezithombeni, ama-botanist ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nezitidi zezitshalo. Izazi ze-biologists-abakhiqizi basebenzela ekusungulweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo. Ama-virologists atadisha amancane ezincane nezindala ezincane, umthelela wazo emvelweni, abaphilayo bezemvelo baqaphela ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo. Ukufunwa okukhulu kulelo zwe lwanamuhla labaphilayo bezinto eziphilayo zokwakheka okusha - izakhi zofuzo, izazi ze-neurobiologists, izidalwa zezinto eziphilayo zendawo, bioenergetics. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo singaba udokotela wezilwane, i-agronomist, umklami wemvelo, isazi sezobuchwepheshe.

Izimfanelo eziyinhloko zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo

Umsebenzi ophumelelayo we-biology uzoba yilabo abazizwa beyingxenye yezwe eliyimfihlakalo leziphilayo eziphilayo, abanesithakazelo ekukhulumeni nemvelo, ukutadisha imvelo.

Uthando ngemvelo luba yinto esemqoka, lapho isazi sezinto eziphilayo sichitha izinyanga ezinde ekuhambeni nasekuhambeni ukuyohlola izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo nezilwane.

Ukuhlakanipha okuhambisana nokuhlaziywa kuyadingeka kubasebenzi base laboratories, izikhungo zocwaningo.

Kuye ngokukhethekile, isazi sezinto eziphilayo singadinga ubuhlobo obuhle ne-physics, isayensi yezinkanyezi, imishini, ikhemistri kanye nezinye izayensi.

Izinzuzo nokuziqhenya komsebenzi

Kulabo abathanda konke ukuphila kuzo zonke izibonakaliso zayo, ukuzinikela impilo yakho ku-biology sekuvele kube ngaphezulu. Akukho okwenza umuntu ajabule, njengokwenza umsebenzi owuthandayo. Isazi sezinto zezinto eziphilayo, ngeshwa, asihloliswanga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwezimali ngokwemali - lokhu kuyincinci. Yimiholo ephansi eholele ekutheni okuthakazelisayo kochwepheshe abaningi kungena esigabeni esingathandeki. Labo abanquma ukuzinikela impilo yakhe kuye futhi baqhubeke bebheke emgomweni, ngezinye izikhathi baba ababhali bokuthola okusha nokuzwa kwesayensi.

I-biology yezinkombandlela ezintsha, ucwaninga emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo, i-microbiology, i-biotechnology entsha yiyona eyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ohlwini lwamisebenzi ethembisayo. Ikakhulukazi ukuthokozisa abachwepheshe abanjalo yiCanada, i-United States, amazwe aseNtshonalanga, ahlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Izazi eziphilayo ezivelele

Ukukhuluma nge-biology njengeyisayensi, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngabantu abaziwa ngamagama emhlabeni wonke. Ukutholakala kwabo kuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isintu sonke.

• UVavilov Nikolay (eRussia) uyisifo sezakhi zofuzo emkhakheni wezolimo, umsunguli wezinkolelo zemithi yokuzivikela.
• I-Vladimir Vernadsky (Russia) - umsunguli we-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, wayesebenza ekutadisheni i-biosphere, wayekhona emsuka wokuthuthukiswa kwe-biochemistry kanye ne-biophysics.
• UWilliam Garvey (waseBrithani omkhulu) udokotela wenkantolo yeNkosi, owaqala ukucwaninga futhi wachaza uhlelo lokujikeleza kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emzimbeni womuntu.
• UCharles Darwin (eNgilandi) - isazi semvelo esikhulu, owadala uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo.
• U-Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek (Holland) ungumvelisi wemvelo owadala i-microscope, eyamsiza ukuba afunde izinto eziphilayo ezingabonakali phambi kweso lomuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaRussia u-Ilya Mechnikov, uKliment Timiryazev, uLouis Pasteur, uKarl Linnaeus, uRuslan Medzhitov nabanye abaningi ososayensi bemvelo baye benza udumo lwesayensi.