The Expedition Lost: izimfihlakalo nophenyo. uhambo Lost Dyatlov futhi Franklin

Inkazimulo kubo abangekho esabe ukushiya ikhaya efudumele futhi ethokomele, itafula izihambi futhi bangena ezingaziwa, befaka ukuphila kwabo engozini, nenjongo eyodwa kuphela - ukwazi imfihlo noma alethe abanye ekwambulweni yayo.

Nokho, akubona bonke imikhankaso ziphelile ngempumelelo. mikhankaso Abaningi babesezindaweni kwesizathu elahlekile. Abanye abantu abazange ukuphatha ukuthola, athole izinsalela abanye musa iyicacisa izimbangela lokufa kwabo, enika puzzle ezingaphezu kuka izimpendulo.

Abaningi bomkhankaso ulahlekile futhi namuhla isihloko uphenyo, njengoba izingqondo eziyibonayo uhlupho izimo ongavamile zinyamalala.

On the umzila bomkhankaso elahlekile Arctic

Omunye wabantu bokuqala ohlwini esidabukisayo ulahlekile Franklin uhambo efakwe ohlwini. cwaningo Arctic wakhonza njengephayona imbangela eyinhloko imishini bomkhankaso e 1845. Kwakuwusuku ukuhlola ingxenye esingaziwa Northwest uMzila elisemandleni ophakathi kwe-Atlantic nePacific e-ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, ubude mayelana 1670 km kanye nokuvula ephelele izindawo ezazingaziwa arctic. Lolu hambo babenezinkinga isikhulu ngoxhaxha British - Johane Franklin oneminyaka engu-59 ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi wayesefile kakade ilungu mikhankaso ezintathu e-Arctic, ezimbili zazo azenza uyaphi. John Franklin uhambo ibhalwe ngokucophelela, kakade ngiye ngaba nakho wamazwe polar. Kanye nezisebenzi, yena imikhumbi "Erebus" futhi "Terror" (nge ukuhamba elingamathani angaba ngu-378 futhi amathani 331 ngokulandelana) ngomkhumbi kusukela English port Grinhayt 19 Meyi.

Umlando elahlekile Franklin uhambo

Bobabili mikhumbi ebizayo kanye aguqulelwe navigation yiqhwa, eningi iye wanakekela lula nangenduduzo nezisebenzi. Hold yayigcwele supply elikhulu hlinzeka kuze kuphele iminyaka emithathu. Bhisikidi, ufulawa, ingulube enosawoti futhi yenkomo, inyama okusemathinini, amasheya kalamula ngokumelene ukhwekhwe - konke ulinganiswa amathani. Kodwa, njengoba kwatholakala kamuva, ukudla okusemathinini, okuyinto uhambo ezishibhile onikhiphele umkhiqizi abonakele uStefanu Goldner, zaziwupomu futhi, ngoba kucatshangwa abanye abacwaningi baye bakhonza njengezithunywa omunye izimbangela zokufa amatilosi eziningi kusukela Franklin uhambo.

Ehlobo lika-1845, izihlobo nezisebenzi wathola izincwadi ezimbalwa. Encwadini ethunyelwe Osmer, ukulondoloza kanye "Erebus", kuthiwa elinde bebuyela kwelakubo ngo-1846. Ngo-1845, izinduna imikhumbi Whaling noRobert Martin Dunnett kutjelwa umhlangano ezimbili imikhumbi bomkhankaso, zilindele izimo ezifanele ukuwela Strait of Lancaster. Izinduna babe baseYurophu zokugcina ukubona bukhoma Dzhona Franklina kanye ngohambo lwakhe. Eminyakeni eyalandela, 1846 kanye 1847 iyiphi izindaba evela emkhankasweni abikwe ezingaphezu kuka 129 amalungu ayo babengasekho phakade.

usesho

Usesho iqembu lokuqala kwi umzila emkhunjini ulahlekile ithunyelwe umkakhe Dzhona Franklina kuphela 1848 Ngaphezu imikhumbi Admiralty ukucinga wamazwe odumile ngawo-1850, wajoyina iqembu imithambo nantathu: nanye wabo kwakungekaNkulunkulu laseBrithani nelase ezimbili - Melika.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-eside ophikelelayo yokusesha squads bathole ezinye iminonjana bomkhankaso: ezintathu amathuna amatilosi efile, amathini uphawu Goldner. Kamuva, ngo-1854, uJohn Rae, udokotela oyiNgisi kanye isihambi, iminonjana amalungu bomkhankaso ensimini ka banamuhla atholakele sezifundazwe Nunavut. Ngokwe-Eskimo, abantu abeza esizalweni somfula Bac, babulawa indlala, futhi phakathi kwabo kwaba nezigameko nobuzimu.

Ngo-1857, lapho umfelokazi Franklin ngemva iyize ezama ukuncenga uhulumeni ukuthumela elinye iqembu yokusesha ngokwayo ithumela uhambo ukuthola okungenani amanye iminonjana umyeni wakhe walahlekelwa. Sekukonke, zifuna ababezoba Dzhona Franklina nethimba lakhe ukuwo 39 mikhankaso polar, ezinye zazo yakhwa ku imali yomkakhe. Ngo-1859, amalungu olunye uhambo eholwa induna, uWilliam Hobson, kuthiwa umyalezo ebhaliwe mayelana ukufa Dzhona Franklina Juni 11, 1847 ku iphiramidi zamatshe.

I izimbangela zokufa ka Franklin uhambo

Iminyaka engu-150 isikhathi eside yaqhubeka ingaziwa, ukuthi "Erebus" futhi "Terror" abangu bagibele ngeqhwa, ithimba, baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye umkhumbi, uzama ukufinyelela ogwini Canadian, kodwa imvelo elibuhlungu Arctic kungenzeka ukusinda akekho kwesokunxele.

Namuhla, abanesibindi John Franklin nelomngane wakhe ophefumulelwe abaculi, ababhali, iskripthi abalobi ukudala imisebenzi ekhuluma izimpilo izinhlamvu.

Ethi Mysteries of the ehlathini laseSiberia

Izimfihlakalo Lost Expedition alupheli ukuvula izingqondo abaphila manje. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi namuhla ethuthukayo lapho indoda wangena isikhala, wabheka ekujuleni kolwandle, wembula imfihlo nucleus yama-athomu, ahlale simbe, izenzakalo eziningi engaqondakali ukuthi kwenzeke umuntu phansi. Lezi izimfihlo ezinye bomkhankaso ulahlekile e-USSR, oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke wabo iqembu lezihambeli indawo Dyatlov.

Insimu enkulu ezweni lethu, ehlathini yayo Ayindida laseSiberia, izintaba zaphakade Ural, uhlukanisa nezwekazi zibe izingxenye ezimbili zezwe, izindaba ezimnandi eziningi amagugu afihliwe emathunjini omhlaba, idonse njalo izingqondo lengubo abacwaningi. Kulahleke uhambo ehlathini - ingxenye edabukisayo yomlando wethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zazama ukufihla noma ukusibekela le nhlekelele, eziningi njengabantu amaqembu kushabalele, ukuhlangana amahemuhemu legends ekwenzekeni kwento engenakwenzeka ukufinyelela abantu.

izimo simbe ngokufa Igorya Dyatlova nelomngane wakhe

Nge igama lentaba Holat-Sjahyl (okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "Intaba Abafileyo"), etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho Urals, ke exhunywe omunye imfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki ezihlobene uhambo olahlekile e-USSR. Izakhamizi lezi zindawo yobuhlanga Mansi yokhalo ngamabomu enikeziwe igama elithusayo: izikhathi lapha eziningi zinyamalele ngokuphelele noma lafa ngezizathu ezingaziwa, abantu noma iqembu labantu (ngokuvamile ehlanganisa 9 abantu). nhlekelele simbe kwenzeka entabeni ebusuku kusuka 1 kuya 2 Februwari 1959.

Futhi le ndaba yaqala neqiniso lokuthi ngo-January 23 ihlukane ka Sverdlovsk izivakashi eziyisishiyagalolunye, kwaholela Igorem Dyatlovym, waya kuhlelwe ski gxuma, ubunkimbinkimbi okungokwendlela esigabeni eliphakeme, futhi ubude babuyizingalo 330 amakhilomitha. Nalapha futhi, ayisishiyagalolunye! Ingabe kwamane kwaqondana noma kwesiphetho ebulalayo? Ngempela, uhambo lwezinsuku ezingu-22 ekuqaleni okwakulindeleke ukuba ahambe abantu 11, kodwa esinye sazo ngenxa yezizathu ezinhle wenqaba ekuqaleni, kanye nezinye, Yury Yudin, bamisa amatende, kodwa wagula futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya endleleni. It kwasindisa ukuphila kwakhe.

Ukwakheka yokugcina iqembu, abafundi abahlanu, abathweswe iziqu ezintathu we Ural Polytechnic Institute, uMfundisi ekamu indawo. Of amalungu ayisishiyagalolunye - amantombazane amabili. Zonke izivakashi uhambo skiers Babegogodile futhi waba nokuhlangenwe nakho lokuphila izimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Injongo ye-oda kwaba skiers yokhalo Otorten ukuthi isixwayiso 'abeqeli khona "lihunyushwa lisuselwa olimini Mansi. I ill-fated Februwari ebusuku squad ibahlomisé ekamu kwenye emithambekeni Holat-Sjahyl; esiqongweni sentaba wavela kuye at ibanga amamitha angamakhulu amathathu, Mount Otorten - 10 km. Kusihlwa, lapho band wayelungiselela ukudla kwakusihlwa, futhi ukwenza ukubhaliswa iphephandaba "Kusihlwa Otorten" Kwakukhona into ofuna ukuphumela obala futhi obunyantisayo. Yini eyayingenziwa iyayithusa izingane ngakho nokuthi kungani babaleka bethukile kusuka ngaphakathi Imi wetende, akucaci kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo, kutholakale ukuthi izivakashi kwesokunxele etendeni ezisheshayo, abanye abanayo ngisho nemizi isikhathi ufake izicathulo.

Kwenzekeni bomkhankaso Dyatlov?

Ngesikhathi esimisiwe iqembu skiers is hhayi wabuya, hhayi ukuvela. Izihlobo we izingane ezikhuliswe alamu. Baqala ukuxhumana izikole, ekamu, futhi amaphoyisa, lifuna ukuqala ukusebenza yokusesha.

Februwari 20, lapho sekudlule isikhathi ifreyimu okulindele, isiqondiso Polytechnic Institute, iqembu lokuqala kusesho bomkhankaso olahlekile Dyatlov sithunyelwe. Zizolandelwa ngamanye amaqembu ukuba amaphoyisa balwe futhi izakhiwo lempi. usuku lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu yokusesha kuphela waletha Imiphumela: etendeni watholakala, asikwe ohlangothini, ke - into elihlanzekile Awukude izindawo yokuhlala - izidumbu zabantu abahlanu ogama nokufa zase kubangelwa hypothermia. Zonke izivakashi eyayiququbele yamelana izikhundla abandayo, omunye wabo ukulimala ekhanda sabhalwa. Ngo ezimbili - izimpawu epistaxis. Kungani kufanele ugijime ngaphandle kwetende sicathulo futhi abantu scantily abagqoke ayikwazanga noma engafuni ukuba sibuyele kuwo? Lo mbuzo kuseyimpicabadala kube yilolu suku.

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana ukusesha osebeni snowy emfuleni Lozvy izidumbu ezine kwatholakala amalungu bomkhankaso. Bobabili waphuka esitho atholakala, ukulimala kwezitho ezingaphakathi, isikhumba kwaba orange kanye purple. Isidumbu sentombazane satholakala isikhundla ongaziwa - yena waguqa emanzini, futhi wayengenazo ulimi.

Ngemva kwalokho, lonke iqembu wangcwatshwa Sverdlovsk ngesikhathi uMichael Cemetery in ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu, futhi indawo lokufa kwabo, lokhu kubonakala esikhutha- uqwembe nge amagama okucashunwe efile nokuklabalasa "Kwakukhona ayisishiyagalolunye." Invictus Iqembu Pass kusukela saziwa ngokuthi Dyatlov Pass.

Imibuzo ngaphandle izimpendulo

Kwenzekani uhambo Dyatlov? Kuze kube manje kukhona kuphela izinguqulo eziningi nekucabangela. Abanye abacwaningi kusolwe ngokushona kwezingane ka Ufo squad futhi njengoba ubufakazi ocashunwe ofakazi bokuzibonela mayelana nokubonakala ebusuku Intaba we fireballs Dead ophuzi. State sezulu esiteshini bubhaliwe akwaziwa "izinto eyindilinga" endaweni ngokufa iqembu elincane.

Ngo enye inguqulo ye abafana baya endaweni yomcebo lasendulo Aryan komhlaba, ngoba yena yayibulawe abagcina wakhe.

Kukhona izinguqulo lapho Dyatlova uhambo olahlekile wafa ngokuqondene ukuhlolelwa kwezikhali ahlukahlukene (kusuka enuzi cleaner), utshwala poisoning, nge kick ka umbani ibhola, nge ekuhlaseleni ibhere kanye snowman, nge izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni

Ngo-May 1959 senziwa isiphetho olusemthethweni mayelana nokufa Dyatlova uhambo. Ikhombisa imbangela yayo: uhlobo namandla emvelo, okuyinto ukuba banqobe guys bahluleka. Yini eyayibangele lokho ayizange ezitholakele. Ngu isinqumo likaNobhala Okokuqala Kirilenko, kunjalo yavalwa, ngokuqinile bahlukanisa idluliselwe ingobo yomlando kanye umyalo kaJesu wokuba ukulichitha kuze umyalelo ekhethekile.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-wesitoreji 25, zonke emacaleni obugebengu avaliwe ubhujiswe. Nokho, "It Dyatlova" ekupheleni kwesikhathi nemikhawuko futhi uhlala elele emashalofini ezinothuli.

Kulahleke kaseyili "Saint Anna"

Ngo-1912, i-kaseyili "Saint Anna" samuka emhlabeni Peninsula zaseScandinavia futhi wanyamalala. iminyaka engu-2 kuphela kamuva sihamba emuva ezwekazini V.Albanov Itilosi kanye itilosi A.Kondar. Kugcine waya yena, uye washintsha ngokuphawulekayo uhlobo umsebenzi kanye neze nanoma ubani ungafisi ukuxoxa kwenzekeni kaseyili. Albani ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi ebusika 1912, "Saint Anna" simisiwe ku eqhweni, futhi oye wahlupheka-Arctic Ocean. Ngo-January 1914, abantu abangu-14 kusukela induna ithimba Brusilov banikezwa imvume osebeni bese bebodwa ukuya impucuko. Emgwaqweni 12 abulawe. Albanov athuthukile esinokuduma umsebenzi, Uzama ukuhlela yokusesha kaseyili icebound. Nokho, lo mkhumbi Brusilov ayizange ezitholakele.

Okunye uhambo olahlekile

Abaningi kugwinywe Arctic: aeronauts eholwa usosayensi Swedish Salomona Andre, Kara uhambo ngaphansi Rusanov, ithimba Scott.

Okunye uhambo ulahlekile kwekhulu lama-20 ezihlobene ezibuhlungu futhi okuyimfihlakalo ukufa sabafuna iDolobha Legolide paititi emahlathini enkulukazi Amazon. Ukuze ukuxazulula le mfihlakalo 3 mikhankaso yesayensi kwahlelwa 1925 - ngaphansi kobuholi eBritish Umdabuli ezempi kanye Forseti ngo-1972 - ithimba Franco-British Bob Nichols, futhi ngo-1997 - bomkhankaso we oyisazi Norwegian Havksholla. Bonke yanyamalala unomphela. Ikakhulukazi abatelekile ukunyamalala ngo-1997, lapho imishini yezobuchwepheshe bomkhankaso kwaba ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Behluleka ukuthola! Endaweni baphikisa ngokuthi wonke umuntu ufuna Golden City bayobhujiswa Uachipayri isizwe - amaNdiya, abenza oqaphe imfihlo edolobheni.

uhambo Lost ... Kunento engaqondakali namanga eliyingozi ngala mazwi. Lezi mikhankaso abangu ofakelwe futhi wathumela ukuxazulula inkinga noma ukuchaza emhlabeni ezinye imfihlakalo, kodwa kakhulu zinyamalala libé besikhathi begodu inzalo kuyimfihlo ejulile.