Synthesis igesi - kukawoyela Ngokuzayo

Akuwona wonke amazwe linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa. Futhi uma ukuntuleka yayo kwezimayini zegolide nezimayini idayimane kungenzeka nje uphatheke kabi, khona hydrocarbon ezifakwa ngokuvamile umbuzo we ukusebenza isimo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sempi. isipiliyoni Rich ekukhiqizeni ersatz (esikhundleni) labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili eJalimane.

Kakade ngo 1915, isiJalimane U-izikebhe ukubeka Britain usesimweni esinzima kakhulu, ekuvimbeleni supply "igazi impi 'esiqhingini. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, Germany wayengeke akwazi kancane nzima, ikakhulukazi ngemva nokulahlekelwa Romanian Amasimu uwoyela. Kwakubonakala kancane xaxa, futhi Zinikeleni sasingagwemeki. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha, izindiza, imikhumbi-ngwenya ngeke bakwazi iqhaza ukulwa imisebenzi, ngeke kube nalutho ukugcwalisa, kodwa impi yayiqhubeka izinyanga eziningi eside. Amalahle, okwakubekelwa limbiwa oMbusi amaningi aba impahla eluhlaza ofanele ukwenziwa hydrocarbon zokwenziwa, eyisikhulu phakathi owawungumnyaka igesi zamagama.

Lolungenamaphutsa abaqeqeshiwe futhi abanamakhono ososayensi German eside ngaphambi kwempi wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa lolu daba. Franz Fischer, ikhanda Institute Kaiser-Wilhelm, ngonyaka ngisho 1926 eshicilelwe imisebenzi yesayensi ku zamagama oqondile we hydrocarbon at umfutho womoya, hhayi kuphela efakazela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke, kodwa njengoba wazibonakalisa ukutholakala kwayo zobuchwepheshe. Le gesi zamagama etholwe ngenxa yokusabela hydrogen nokwehlisa CO ebukhoneni izinto catalyzing, ezifana ingxube zinc oxide ne yensimbi noma chromium oxide -cobalt kuyoshaya ezingeni lokushisa 270 degrees Celsius. inqubo enjalo uvunyelwe ukufuna gaseous, liquid okuqinile methane homologues.

I-video ilandisa ngesikhathi sempi kwesinye isikhathi ubone imoto igesi eyehlayo on ... ukhuni. Yebo, i-generator, motor okuphakelayo igesi ingxube kwakuhunyushwa compact, futhi ishayelwa, kwanele ukuthatha ngembazo kanti ukuya ehlathini eliseduze.

Egcekeni amakhemikhali-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen H2 amangqamuzana, isb ingase igesi zamagama eyenziwa amalahle hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kusuka kunoma iyiphi i-carbon equkethe feedstock. A inqubo okuthiwa Fischer-Tropsch zamagama, amagama abaqambi. Ngesikhathi sokushicilela babe ezinye izindlela yokulungiselela fuel organic kusuka amalahle, edlulisa igesi zamagama. Esikhathini esifanayo eJalimane Bergius ithole uphethiloli kusukela amalahle ngo-1911, kodwa kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba inqubo ubuchwepheshe.

Thanda umsebenzi ngaphambili, le mpumelelo kwaba umphumela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibhekene anezimboni futhi kwezempi lizwe abangenayo ukufinyelela hydrocarbon zemvelo.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma zamagama igesi elahlekile okwesikhashana ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Isithakazelo kulobu buchwepheshe kodwa waphinde waqhubeka ngo ngeminyaka yoma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho kwakukhona okuthiwa "uwoyela crisis", okuyinto eyaba umphumela ukwanda abavume intengo kawoyela ngu OPEC amazwe.

Ngokungangabazeki, isipiliyoni hydrocarbon ukuveza izinto zokusetshenziswa iyoba ethandwa kakhudlwana njengoba Ukuwohloka kwemithombo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi uwoyela negesi, ogama value njengoba impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha chemical namuhla namanje phansi. Lapho DI Mendeleev Ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenzisa kwakhe imithombo yamandla nge amandla omlilo imali yamaphepha.