Sesitimela izikali: Izici, ilungiselelo, futhi inhlangano

Ukuze operation kahle kaloliwe ukuphathwa traffic futhi ukukhokhisa kuyinto ezimali kubaluleke kakhulu uthuthwa Georgian sesitimela. Kubalulekile futhi kule mboni, lapho isisindo izonikelwa ngqo ngokufutha kanye evulekile-Iziko amaziko e wesitimela izinqola zokudla izinto zokusetshenziswa linendima ebalulekile enqubeni, futhi ezokuthutha yangaphakathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi anjalo futhi kudingeka ujantshi izikali.

Ukwahlukanisa ujantshi izikali

Nge wesitimela izinsimbi kuhlaziywe namakalishi lingenamuntu futhi ukulayishwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umehluko letindlela tekuphila kunqunywa futhi nenqwaba umthwalo.

Isikali lokuqala enesisindo ka ujantshi zimoto mechanical, kuhlanganise ukuxhumana esekelwe indlela okulinganisa. Khona-ke kumadivayisi lapho electromechanical ukuthi ukuguqula isenzo mechanical gravity ku isignali kagesi. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene izikali esandleni sakhe kukhona isikali kanye uhlobo.

Namuhla, ngosizo ujantshi izikali lungaba izinqola bathinteka e static futhi motion ngaphandle disengaging ukwakheka, okusho, Dynamics. Automation of zanamuhla imishini enesisindo amakhanda ibona, lichaza uhlobo imoto, inquma umthwalo engalingani nendlela yekuhambisa sandla.

Izikali carload wesitimela isisekelo futhi besfundamentnye, enesisindo e statics futhi Dynamics.

static enesisindo

Nge static enesisindo waqala ujantshi izikali. Ukucabangisisa Ngethuba Lokungenela Isitimela statics uyephuza kakhulu. Ukwakheka disengaged, nezinqola ngamunye ngamunye fed esikalini, kuthiwa isisindo nge stop emsamo, isisindo yabo eqoshiwe, futhi ke elakhiwe futhi wathumela. Umgwaqo kanye kubanikazi bemikhumbi athwale ukulahlekelwa omkhulu ngenxa Ukuphumula.

Le nkinga sibi kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa inethiwekhi ujantshi kanye nokwenyuka kwenani yizimpahla traffic. Wazama ingaxazululwa ngokuthi isikali esifanayo static, lapho isitimela sasihamba kancane kakhulu, ngesivinini 3 km / h. mkhosi uhlelo olukhethekile inezici lakhiwe, okwasiza okukanjiniyela ukumelana isivinini. Siphela kanjalo isikhathi sokuphumula unqabile kancane, kodwa inqubo enesisindo uma lokhu kubenzima nesiphambeko - okusezingeni eliphezulu, abangaphezu kuka-1%.

ashukumisayo enesisindo

Okuzenzakalelayo ujantshi izikali wasebenzisa ilungelo lokucabangela Ukwakheka ezihambayo. Cabanga-e Dynamics, kumele wathi, isiqondiso enesisindo ngombono, hhayi kuphela zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe.

Inqubo siqukethe ekunqumeni ingxenye mass isitimela sesibili, edabula platform ephakamisa sibhalisiwe futhi adluliselwa computer yokulawula noma ukulawula traffic uhlelo ezenzakalelayo.

Ngo inqubo enesisindo kunqunywa izinhlobo izinqola, sengathi enesisindo poosnogo isisindo ebalulekile enqoleni ngayinye ama-ekseli amasondo kanye ukulayishwa kahle, waqaphela izinjini, ngoba zilinganiswa nguye.

Ukuhlonishwa isitokwe kweqa kusekelwe ukuzimisela amabanga abo interaxial futhi cross-database.

I-node abasethubeni lokuthola i-enesisindo simiso travel alamu kokukhipha isignali ngesikhathi nosidlulisayo kubo noma inqola isondo usebe axis. Ukuze ukuthembeka kulezi kumadivayisi izidingo eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, kokubili tekusebenta kanye sezulu.

umthwalo ipuleti

Sesitimela izikali for enesisindo ka ujantshi izimoto kukhona ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene izixazululo ezakhayo, kodwa enifana kuba phambi okukodwa noma ngaphezulu yesikhulumi ukulayisha. Ngokusho kwakhe imoto iya lapho enesisindo, futhi amabutho mpo ukuthi senze ngokuvumelana nayo, zidluliselwa ku-converters.

Ngu kweqa isenzo emsamo enqoleni hhayi kuphela amandla mpo kodwa futhi longitudinal, okuyinto ukudala iphutha elithile elisendabeni enesisindo. Ukuze wehlise umthelela wabo, endaweni yesikhulumi ukulayisha siqukethe ezihlukahlukene imishini kanye elekthronikhi. Lokhu kungaba izitobhi eqine ngokungadingekile, ukungezwani kuzithinta, catwalks; amandla-yokulinganisa transducers ukuthi ukuguqula umphumela athileko isignali kagesi; ukuhamba Idivayisi yokulawula.

amadivaysi Electronic ezilawula le nqubo enesisindo, ukucubungula isiginali kusuka inverter kanye outputting umphumela kwikhompyutha ukuze uthole inkomba ezibukwayo ku iBhodi. Ikhompyutha esebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile IZINHLELO Imiphumela enesisindo futhi yakha umbiko.

Izinhlobo umthwalo receptor

Izikali ujantshi enqoleni zimumethe idivayisi mechanical enesisindo. Ziyakwazi ezimbili zama:

- kudivayisi ezimnandi zakudala isigwedlo lapho izingalo umthwalo ngokusebenzisa Summing beqonda siloizmeritelej eyodwa;

- kudivayisi nokuxhumanisa-kancane nge siloizmeritelej ezine noma ngaphezulu lapho ukulayisha endaweni etholakala endaweni yesikhulumi.

Isigwedlo - okuthembekile, ezinzile, umane ezilungisiwe inqubo zonke izinhlobo isigwedlo izikali. Kodwa iziyisikhombisa enkulu, okokuqala, enziwe ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile kuphela kumabhizinisi nge ezingeni lelisetulu ukukhiqizwa. Futhi okwesibili, ukuze umsebenzi wabo udinga ezibizayo isisekelo ekhethekile.

Nokuxhumanisa-kancane kudivayisi futhi izinguqulo lula. Bangakwazi ekhiqizwa workshop ezincane, futhi asisekho isisekelo ingancishiswa kakhulu.

Siloizmeritelej ujantshi izikali

Namuhla ujantshi enqoleni ibhalansi ashukumisayo wenza nokucindezeleka noma vibration-imvamisa converters njengoba siloizmeritelej.

Vibration-imvamisa converters nge zokuxhumana kalula futhi amasignali ukucutshungulwa okukhipha, umsindo amasosha omzimba, ukungabi khona ulwazi ukulahlekelwa, okuyinto akufaki amaphutha ezingeziwe okungcono ibhalansi ngedivayisi isigwedlo. Displacement we-apharathasi yesibili lapho iyafana uma usebenzisa Izikali uhlobo. It Ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa, uma lezi transducers asetshenziselwa ukuba silinganisele umthwalo kudivayisi nokuxhumanisa-kancane, ngoba kudingeka usungule amasignali amane noma ngaphezulu futhi lwahlolwa ngokuzimela iziteshi ezahlukene, futhi izici eceleni etholwe ngokufingqiwe.

Nge-force-yokulinganisa uhlobo gages converters axhunyiwe parallel noma uchungechunge nokukodwa isignali ezivamile icutshungulwe.

Zonke amadivaysi aboshelwe isisekelo emgodini lapho isikali ahlelwe wesitimela. On base ukhonkolo ukunikezela komzila embondelene futhi izindlela zokunciphisa ukushintshashintsha mpo ukubunjwa ezonini enesisindo. Egumbini ekhethekile eduze kwepulatifomu ukulayisha setha electronics yesibili nekhompyutha.

ukunemba enesisindo

Izikali for enesisindo ka ujantshi zesitimela sizoqinisekisa enesisindo ukunemba, ukuhambisana namazinga, zazo zikhona ezine namuhla: 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 kanye no-1% ngesisindo sezinti wezimpahla.

Ngo static lesetingcondvweni ibhalansi ugongolo kuyenziwa wokugcina amazinga ezimbili ukunemba kuphela. Lapho icabangela divayisi Dynamics Iphutha nomthelela esikhulu coupler, ukusheshisa, indlela enesisindo.

Prakthiza luveza ukuthi ngesilinganiso 1% ukunemba kuhlinzekelwe umthwalo olusindayo ngamunye imoto Ukwakheka 0.5% - I-ezihambayo by inertia decoupled namakalishi kanye isisindo ingqikithi ukwakheka, 0.1% - uma zihlanganiswa njengengxenye hhayi izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-20.

Izindlela ze-enesisindo ujantshi izikali

Senqola wesitimela izikali ziyehluka ashukumisayo indlela enesisindo. It is akhethiwe ngesisekelo ezimeni eziningana:

- ukunemba okunjalo yokukukala kanye ehambisana ngesivinini esiphezulu nokunyakaza;

- izindleko dolobha ukufakwa ohlelweni enesisindo.

Carload enesisindo Kwenziwa on a yesikhulumi eside lapho yonke imoto ibekwe. Le ndlela kufanelekile ezimweni lapho wonke isitokwe siqukethe namakalishi efanayo.

Lapho potelezhechnogo eceleni kuhlaziywe enesisindo imoto ngayinye inqola, basuke egcinwe futhi wafingqa kudivayisi wokulinganisa mass, futhi umphumela singenelwe computer.

Lapho poosnogo enesisindo isisindo futhi wafingqa esisindo sazo zonke izimbazo deducing isamba amaphuzu futhi ukudluliswa kukhompyutha.

Ngebuhle nebubi yezindlela

Zonke izindlela silinganiso kunezimo yabo kanye nobubi obuthile. Wagon indlela enembile kakhulu, kodwa platform kumele kube eside, futhi zinesisindo esingaba kuphela ukubunjwa namakalishi exhumene kolunye uhlobo, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile obulinganako. Umthwalo ulinganiswa le ndlela amabanga amathani angu-80 kuya 160.

Potelezhechnogo enesisindo on esikalini efanayo kungenzeka izinhlobo eziningi izimoto, kodwa futhi le ndlela kudingeka isiteji sasivumela eside. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo phezu wesitimela ibhalansi siyahlukahluka ububanzi amathani 40, uma-imoto ezine ukala nje amathani angaba ngu-80, lapho-Eight-nqola.

Ukuze poosnogo enesisindo indlela idinga isiteji encane. Njengoba ibanga phakathi eksisi uhlobo olufanayo zenqola, kungaba kuhlaziywe futhi epaki on esikalini efanayo. Isisindo esikhulu kulokhu amathani angu-20.

Minus enesisindo poosnogo kuyinto awokuthi ukudluliswa umthwalo ku-eksisi. Nciphisa nethonya layo nokwethenjelwa ukunemba izilinganiso kungaba, ngokukhetha indlela enzima ngaphezulu ngokucophelela emakhiyubhi kubo. Kulokhu poosnogo silinganiso kunenzuzo kakhulu njengoba izindleko ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngezimoto.

Ukufaka ujantshi izikali

Wiring indlela imoto izikali kuye ngokuthi hlobo zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ephathekayo ujantshi izikali (isithombe cm. Ngezansi) efakwe ngaphakathi phakathi komzila futhi ziyasetshenziswa zilandelana oluvala amasondo ngamunye.

Ibhalansi kungenzeka ogibele isisekelo ngaphandle kwalo. Ngo izinhlobo ezahlukene izinsimbi nzima Izikali kungenziwa lithathwa komzila, le belele noma phakathi.

Ukukhetha uhlobo isikali, kubalulekile ukucacisa indawo ukufakwa yabo. Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa idivayisi kufanele kube lula. Okwesibili, emthambekeni kungase kube kuncane kunokwabanye 1: 2,000, futhi ingxenye rectilinear - ubude okungenani ezintathu imoto (ochwepheshe ukweluleka 15 amamitha nhlangothi zombili imoto okudingeka zicatshangelwe).

Ngaphambi kokufaka, udinga ukuthola ukuthi eduze kwamanzi yilezi komhlaba ofanele nokuthi kukhona kule ndawo ubunjiniyela komhlaba inethiwekhi, awuhambi uma imvula meltwater.

ulandela iziqondiso zomenzi wawo aqukethe ngokwanele egcwele yokufaka imiyalelo, kubandakanye nomdwebo base eziphathekako izakhi ezidingekayo ze-mortgage isisekelo ukufakwa.

Phakathi ukufakwa ukuba moya izikhala phakathi komzila kanye gruzopriemnika main.

Ngokusho GOST P 53228-2008 wesitimela yokuqinisekisa izinsimbi ukucacisa iphutha nesilinganiso kumele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.

Ukulungisa of wesitimela izikali

Lapho okuqhubeka isikhathi eside noma operation okungafanele kungenzeka imoto izikali ukuwohloka mechanical timphawu tesakhiwo, i iphutha kagesi noma ukungasebenzi kwe-software.

Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga kudingeka Ochwepheshe ezahlukene, ngakho ukuthola imishini kangcono yokulinganisa izinkampani ezithile ilayisensi ukulungisa ibhalansi, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo ongenza ukulungiswa, esikhundleni izingxenye enesici neyesifunda bese yokuqinisekisa.

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhetha izikali ujantshi, okokuqala, ku ukunemba okunjalo; okwesibili, izimo zokusebenza; okwesithathu, by nethuba lemali eningi. Futhi njengoba babegcina nje kufanele akhethe inkampani lapho imishini uzobe wathenga. isiqalo intengo okuphansi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ukwenziwa nokugcinwa kwezinto zisesimweni ibhalansi okwagcina Kwakuyohlanganisani izindleko ezengeziwe.

izimo yokusebenza - kungcono inani izimpahla ngelanga hhayi kuphela. Lezi zihlanganisa ukutholakala kukagesi, ngoba ayitholakali zonke izifunda, kanye uhlobo Izikali ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwalo. Emazingeni aphansi eNyakatho Ekude kangcono nokuningi ukusebenza ngokunembile mechanical amandla yokulinganisa izinzwa.