Dmitrov Porcelain Factory: umlando, isiko, yesimanjemanje

Ekuphileni kwansuku ngobumba Russian laqanjwa isandla lwamakhosi uPetru I. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, izitsha zisuka eYurophu, etholakalayo injabulo enjalo yayiwukuthi abantu abacebile kuphela. Ngemva kwesikhashana, zobumba amasethi banikezwe njengesipho esiyigugu. Ngemva china, eyigugu kakhulu babe nemikhiqizo European (Sèvres, Meysensy) ukuthenga kwalo wayichitha izindodla zemali, ukuthi kwaba ngokuphelele okungasekelwe ndawo. Ngo 1744 Empress Elizabeth ngaphambilini ukwakha "Porcelain manufactory" eduze Petersburg, lapho kuqala inkathi ngobumba Russian. Dmitrov Porcelain Factory wenza umlando njengoba imboni kuqala ngasese.

Franz Gardner nokungenisa esikhundleni

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukukhiqizwa zobumba kwaba kuphela endaweni ethile isimo, kodwa kukhona njalo umnikazi yangasese ofuna ukuncintisana uma ungenawo, bese wenza inkampani amabhizinisi eNgophezukonke. Ngo-1766 i-eyiNgisi Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, ngesisekelo Urusova ifektri ezikhona wavula isitshalo lalo. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu usomabhizinisi kwaba isifiso ancintisane ndlovu YaseYurophu ngobumba, kanti ama uyobaxosha kusuka emakethe, esikhundleni imikhiqizo izinga yasekhaya. Ukukhuluma mpendulo yesimanje, wanquma "importozamestit" izimpahla European futhi umzamo kwaba yimpumelelo.

Ngoba inhlangano ibhizinisi izinto zokusetshenziswa kwasekuqaleni edingekayo, futhi Gardner, yena babuka cishe lonke izwe, wathola idiphozi ubumba Chernihiv (Little Russia). Ukuze wenze promashek hhayi reinvent isondo, wafinyelela uchwepheshe daba - Franz Gattenberga (University of Uprofesa Geneva). Futhi wahamba kahle kangangokuba kusuka 1777 kuya 1783 efektri badedelwa ezine indondo inkonzo Umbusikazi uCatherine II futhi banikezwe kuye. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaba nempumelelo, umnikazi ifektri wavakashela izilaleli eliphakeme esigodlweni, ngemva kwalokho wayekufanelekela ukubeka isitembu nge umfanekiso elingenamikhono izingalo eMoscow, owawungumnyaka lifana uphawu izinga.

ochumayo

Franz Gardner, kanye izimpahla ucezu, usethule ekukhiqizweni zobumba tableware. Izisebenzi lokuqala zithathelwe ochwepheshe European futhi ubuchwepheshe, inombolo Meissen abadumile. zobumba Russian akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela kwe-Europe ku ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezobuciko, kodwa inani lase okungabizi kakhulu.

Russia ayazise imikhiqizo ifektri futhi bejabule ukuthenga zonke nalabo abangakwazi ukukhokhela ukuba abe abakhiqizi European. Ngo 1771, mayelana ayisikhombisa abasebenzi babesebenza emkhakheni wezezimboni, inombolo yabo liye laphindeka kabili eminyakeni 10. Yonke imisebenzi kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa ochwepheshe isiRashiya, kuphela nokuphatha umculi futhi usededeliwe phesheya.

Franz Gardner wakwazi ukuthola isitayela sakhe emsebenzini wokukhiqiza zobumba, inani amasampula Castings emakhulwini. Ngaphezu izitsha lapha achitheka futhi zaveza ukubaza zobumba salon esiyingqayizivele, abalobi zazo abaculi abaziwayo.

Ngo Kuznetsovsk umphakathi

Ngemva kokufa umsunguli sika, Dmitrov zobumba ifektri ayebhekwa kunazo zonke izimboni Russian yangasese. Icala yathathwa izindlalifa: isikhathi esifushane ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, inkampani wahlanganyela eyizibulo umsunguli, bese umkakhe. Ezandleni zakhe ifektri ilahlekelwe cishe zonke izikhundla zawo, kodwa emva kokuba icala wathatha izingane zakhe, ukukhiqizwa lavuselelwa. Kwakuthinta yingcweti yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe sobumba. Ngo-1829, ukukhiqizwa igolide ithole Okokuqala Industrial Sikhungo. Ngo-1855 wathola ilungelo sikhiqiza imikhiqizo ukubeka phezu inhlamba umphakathi we ukhozi kabili ephethwe.

Phakathi wonke uba omunye abahlinzeki ukuba senkantolo yasebukhosini kwekhulu le-19 Dmitrov Porcelain Factory kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhicito nabo emibukisweni yezohwebo, kusukela 1856. Ekupheleni kwekhulu izindlalifa ithengiswe inkampani Matvey Kuznetsov. Aluthola izindawo zokukhiqiza nje kuphela kodwa futhi iqoqo elikhulu zonke izimo, amaphethini kanye zakudala garderovskih imidwebo.

isikhathi Kuznetsovsky

Dmitrov Porcelain Factory (Verbilki) ithole magnate Kuznetsova ngokimbalwa egqwalile inkazimulo, kodwa inzuzo okuqinile. Ngesikhathi yokufuna ifektri ekhiqizwa izimpahla ruble ayizigidi 208 ngonyaka, futhi isibalo abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka imiphefumulo 700. Kuznetsov wasebenzisa wonke umcebo wakhe ngofuzo futhi esikhathini esingangeminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye yomlando, ngoba imvuselelo ugcwele inkazimulo yayo.

Udaba yandile base ikhasimende liye lalondolozwa ngokuphelele, sibonga isinqumo esihlakaniphile ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo Dmitrov isitshalo kuyo yonke imikhiqizo. Umnikazi omusha wayengafuni ukuvuselela uhla imikhiqizo ezisho zazingelona iqiniso. Inombolo yezinto kwezimpahla bezingaphansi amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-4 million izitsha ethandwa futhi imifanekiso. Nemigubho ngesikhathi isitshalo kumaka ukukhululwa amaqoqo okukhethekile. Ngakho-ke kokuvalelwa engu-100 kwasungulwa impi ye Borodino, weminyaka engu 300th wokubusa le Romanovs.

zobumba Soviet

Ngemva ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni, ukukhiqiza phathelana ngokusemthethweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Dmitrov Porcelain Factory. Ngo kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa wamavukelambuso okukhipha unqabile kakhulu, nokuthi lapho kukhiqizwa, waba ngesizotha ehlotshiswe decals (decal) noma amelwe inkulumo-ze izihloko.

edume kunazo zonke, ngo-1930, Ngithole inkonzo Dmitrov Porcelain "Humpbacked Horse 'zalesi sihlahla, kanye eminye imisebenzi by umqophi abanamakhono SM Orlov ibhulashi Phakathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi zobumba ukukhululwa kwehle kakhulu, kodwa isikhathi kwaphawulwa imisebenzi elikhanyayo. Isevisi "Battle for Motherland" (by A. Chechulina) ukhiphe iqoqo izithombe ojenene omkhulu "Suvorov", "u-Alexander saseNevsky", "Kutuzov", lisethi isithombe kweSoviet lempi ubuholi imiklomelo (auth. Demorrey T.) yadalwa.

ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

Ngo-1991 Dimitrov zobumba ifektri baba inkampani joint isitokwe, igama elisemthethweni: CJSC "Porcelain Verbilok". Kusukela ngo-1995, i-ezingaphansi yokusebenza ukuze 'evuna Verbilok ". Entsha luhlobo abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi imvuselelo matasa amasiko ezabekwa abasunguli zalesi sihlahla.

Ngo-1996, inkampani wathola imiklomelo emibukisweni ngamazwe e Birmingham, kanye eMexico. Kusukela ngo-2007, lesi sitshalo unikeza imikhiqizo yayo kuya ezibiyele njengengxenye yobulungu Guild of Purveyors. Le nkampani manje ngokuthi "Gardner manufactory", kodwa abaningi ujwayelene igama endala Dmitrov zobumba endaweni yokukhanda. Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa umugqa eziningana collectible.

Collection "Frants Gardner" siyavuka amafomu bendabuko ubudala 19-20 zobumba. Inkampani Iseluleki kwenza imibhalo izinto isipho (itiye ngazimbili, amasethi, imifanekiso). Futhi iyatholakala ku izitsha umndeni lapho abaculi ukubhala crests umndeni, monogram noma iphethini ekhethiwe. Le nkampani inyathelisa amasethi ezahlukene ngenhloso, itiye nekhofi ngazimbili, ngoba izithelo, isitsha sezimbali, amasethi zezingane.