Igesi Shale - umthombo obengeziwe amandla kanye nezinkinga

igesi Shale uhlobo Igesi yemvelo yakhiwa ogxile methane futhi bagxila shales.

Shale idwala ngokuthi ukusongeka izingqimba eziningana zifana kuya namaminerali aphansi-lokushisa (chlorite, sericite, actinolite, muscovite et al.).

Lezi amadwala isici ikhono uhlukanise kalula amapuleti ukwakha isikhala (abaqoqi) phakathi okuyinto aqoqana igesi oluthambile.

abaqoqi ngamunye abacebile igesi izinqolobane, kodwa, yize kunjalo, anele ukuhlela ezisetshenziselwa ezentengiselwano.

Shale ezifakwa wathola wonke amazwekazi, ukuthi izwe ungenza non-oluyingozi, ukuhlinzeka izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Isizinda sale izindleko igesi kuphezulu ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni ke kwakuhambisana nezinga kuvulwa izindawo ezinkulu, usebenzisa wokubacindezela aphuke ubuchwepheshe (kwesigubhu wokubacindezela) futhi imishini njalo imigodi eside ngamanani amakhulu, ukudala kuzo ufa egesi ukudonsa.

ukukhiqizwa gas

Ukukhiqizwa lokuqala commercial gas kusuka oluthambile ezifakwa e-United States wayifeza.

Kamuva ngcono ezobuchwepheshe, ngokuhlanganisa imishini mpo futhi enezingqimba, okuyinto kunciphise izindleko igesi.

Namuhla oluthambile igesi kukhiqizwa ngokufeza imishini kwemithombo mpo noma okuvundlile usebenzisa multiotvodov ngesikhathi ukujula efanayo nemithombo multistage (emile) kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba kuze kube amakhilomitha amathathu.

Ubuchwepheshe inikeza oluthambile igesi umjovo imithombo yamba ngengxube yamanzi, isihlabathi futhi amakhemikhali. Amanzi isando kwenzeka, okuyinto ephula phansi izindonga igesi kwesigubhu, okuvumela ukumpompa ebusweni bonke igesi etholakalayo.

Ovundlile imishini ubuchwepheshe isebenzisa innovative amasu 3DGEO ukumodeliswa zokuzamazama komhlaba, elihlanganisa izifundo Geological namabalazwe nekhompyutha ukucutshungulwa kolwazi, kuhlanganise ngeso.

Ovundlile kahle imishini kumele kwenziwe mayelana okuqinile kukho konke imithetho, isibonelo, elungile imishini engela kufanele ifanelane engela ukuthambekela kumiswa oluthambile.

Shale gas lezimpahla

Izindleko zokukhiqiza igesi kunqunywa izinkomba ezifana:

- okuqukethwe kwezihlabathi kanzima ngobumba, elikwaziyo ukuncela amandla ukwa, okuyinto kwandisa umthamo amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kanye nomthelela ku izindleko;

- i-sulphur dioxide (aphansi ukufakwa kwesilinganiso-sulfur dioxide igesi kwandisa izinga in ukuqaliswa);

- okuqukethwe kerogen;

- izindleko zokukhiqiza shales uqweqwe thermally eqinile okuqondene Paleozoic nesikhathi Mesozoic;

- okubonisa okuqukethwe Silica (ephakeme kangaka, oluthambile ziyaqothuka kakhulu futhi ukwehlisa iindleko).

Izinzuzo ukukhiqizwa

- Kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa oluthambile ezifakwa usebenzisa aphuke kwenziwe ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi;

- ukusondela oluthambile igesi Amasimu ukuqeda abasebenzisi;

- Ukukhiqizwa ugijima ngaphandle ukukhululwa kwe amagesi abamba ukushisa.

amaphutha

- ne wokubacindezela aphuke ubuchwepheshe kudinga esiningi amanzi eduze ensimini, uketshezi ingcoliswe futhi kunzima ukuba ilahlwe;

- oluthambile imithombo mancane okuhlala isikhathi eside ekusebenziseni kuka ezivamile;

- yamba imithombo ukunciphisa ukugeleza rate ngokushesha kakhulu - by 30-40% ngonyaka;

- kukhishwe igesi oluthambile, usebenzisa ama-ejenti anobuthi mayelana 85, nakuba izinombolo ngqo siyimfihlo;

- isizinda igesi i-methane is kakhulu walahlekelwa, okwandisa Isivuvu ;

- inzuzo ukukhiqizwa kufanelekile kuphela khona okusezingeni eliphezulu igesi amanani uphoqe;

- lasendulo oluthambile ezifakwa zinomswakama gamma ngemisebe, okwandisa ka emisebeni yangemuva ngenxa ye ukwa.

igesi Environmental futhi oluthambile

Uma oluthambile igesi kuyinto ubuchwepheshe obukhona angeke abe ehlukile iphila zemvelo.

Nokho, nge control ngokucophelela kwemvelo igesi isizinda kusuka uwoyela oluthambile kungenzeka ezindaweni ezigqagqene.