Indlu ezisekelweni zezingodo. Yikuphi okungcono: Indlu phezu kwezinsika zokhuni noma isikulufa?

Kuleli zwe cishe kunoma yiliphi izwe ungathola indlu ezisekelweni zezingodo. Kwamanye amazwe, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka ukwakha izindlu izingodo lokhuni, amba thwi walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. Lobu buchwepheshe kusivumela ukuthi sakhe indlu ngisho amanzi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, akekho wamangala indlu phezu kwezingodo, sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo. Ngo ukwakhiwa yesimanje revolution yangempela eleza ngemva ukukhanya ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo baqala ukusebenzisa isikulufa yinqwaba.

Uhlolojikelele

Indlu phezu kwezingodo - isixazululo esiphelele lenkinga ukwakhiwa, lapho umhlabathi asifanele Monolithic strip izisekelo. Kungenzeka ukwakha ezindaweni izici ezilandelayo:

• ne landscape adalwe;

• nge sezwe nzima;

• nge high umswakama;

• lapho akunakwenzeka ukuba afeze umsebenzi umgodi;

• ezindaweni ezingeni okujulile inhlabathi okokuqandisa.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu phezu kwezingodo zithandwa kakhulu namuhla, kodwa ezidumile ikakhulukazi kukhona izisekelo sensimbi, okuyinto ukunika amandla okusheshayo ukwakha izindlu ezincane ngezandla zabo. Izinzuzo izakhiwo ezifana yilezi:

• Gcina isikhathi kanye nezindleko ukwakhiwa;

• kungenzeka umsebenzi inkinga emhlabathini;

• Asikho isidingo ukuqondanisa kwenhlabathi;

• kungenzeka ukwakha izakhiwo lokhuni otshanini, nemithambeka eduze kwezihlahla;

• yinqwaba okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuvikela indlu kusuka namagundane;

• phakathi ekhaya uzamcolo ivikelwe kusukela kungenzeka reheating;

• ukusetshenziswa yinqwaba okusezingeni eliphezulu evumela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, etholakala ngaphansi indlu yokupaka izimoto, ikhishi ihlobo ebaleni lokudlala.

Indlu phezu kwezinsika zokhuni

Naphezu kwentuthuko emkhakheni wamuva ekwakhiweni ezinye izindlela ezindala zezakhiwo ngokwakha ziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuze kube namuhla. Indlu phezu kwezingodo ezenziwe ngokhuni - lena indlela evamile yokwakha, kuthandwa emazweni amaningi. Futhi eRussia ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni esakhiwe phezu izingodo kwezinkuni. "Nezitulo" ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi. Ukuze yinqwaba ezinjalo zisetshenziswa iziqu labo zemithi ezishiywe abe nokuphila isikhathi eside. Lezi zihlanganisa zikaphayini, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, larch. I ububanzi ubuncane "izihlalo" enjalo ngokudala isisekelo esiqinile 20 cm kuyoba mkhulu kunaye -. The kangcono. Ukuze ube mude ukuphila yinqwaba sokhuni umlilo iphathwa - zishiswe. Ezweni ukhuni ushe kabi ukubola, evumela sokwakha izakhiwo ngokuphila service neminyaka eminingi (okungenani iminyaka engu-30). Kuze kube manje, ukwelashwa of yinqwaba umlilo ngokuvamile sithathelwe indawo impregnation nge antiseptics ekhethekile noma itiyela obmazyvaniem.

Ngenxa emakethe namuhla kukhona inombolo ezanele etholakalayo ephezulu inqwaba, eyinsimbi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu usebenzisa ugodo ingena ngemuva. Ngokuvamile bajwayele holiday uzimele noma izakhiwo lokhuni.

Indlu phezu kwezingodo, ogama sithombe phezulu, kungadinga imigodi kuhle ezijulile ngaphansi izingodo. Ukujula ubuncane for instillation yinqwaba sokhuni 1.25 m. Kumelwe Abut ngokumelene ibha kwesigaba 10x20 cm kanye nobude 40-50 cm. Yinqwaba Ngokhuni zitholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi isakhiwo futhi yamiswa kanye azungezwe (nge ibanga 1-2 amamitha). imigodi ngokugcwalisa umkhiqizo zamatshe 20 cm. ngamunye wabo ohlangene ngokucophelela. Phezulu 30-40 cm yokugcwalisa zenziwe egwadle luthuli emihle noma amatshe.

Nemibi yinqwaba lokhuni

Naphezu kwayo, yinqwaba sokhuni eminyakeni yamuva, ungaphumelelanga. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezinjengalezi:

• yinkimbinkimbi ugodo instillation;

• isidingo ukucutshungulwa ezengeziwe izingodo;

• yinqwaba amancane udilikajele iqhathaniswa nezinye imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo;

• hamba ezisendalini zokwakha zobuchwepheshe;

• amanani entengo aphezulu eliphezulu izinkuni.

Intulo inqwaba-sisekelo

Izisekelo, wakha ngosizo isikulufa yinqwaba, Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziselwa ekwakheni izakhiwo lempi. Lokhu lunye kungenxa yokuthi umklamo yabo ivumela ukwakha ukwesekwa esinokwethenjelwa ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Phesheya, ubuchwepheshe besimanje yokwakha izindlu ku inqwaba izisekelo kwase yingcweti emashumini eminyaka adlule. Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ipulazi izakhiwo, kanye izindawo ezahlukene ezimbonini.

ERussia, zizathu Sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwakhiwa yokukhanya izakhiwo njengoba isikulufa yinqwaba, atholakalayo ukudayiswa, elinesimo ongaphakeme eziveza umthwalo. Muva nje kuye kwaba izinhlobo yesimanje metal izingongolo ezenza kwenkululeko zokwakha ezinjalo kuba ngobubanzi okuningi.

Minyaka yonke isisekelo sendlu phezu kwezingodo yakha inani elikhulayo zabantu baseRussia. Lokhu kungenxa ekuphuculeni izinga ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha kanye nentengo yayo yeningi. House isikulufa yinqwaba, ukubuyekezwa zazo iningi abanikazi bayo omuhle kuphela kungaba umhlobiso yimuphi ngesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile kuba - isakhiwo ukukhanya ezenziwe ngokhuni. Ukuze lolu hlobo ngemfanelo futhi Uhlaka izindlu, izakhiwo kanye nezinye izinto zokwakha hhayi esindayo. Intulo yinqwaba asetshenziselwa kudivayisi zokudlala, amachibi, ama-sauna, ezicijile, gazebos, zokugcina, masimu.

Ukwaziswa Okumayelana isikulufa yinqwaba

yinqwaba Intulo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo - element eyinhloko isisekelo. Zimelela ipayipi lensimbi, ukushuba metal zazo - okungenani 4 mm. Ngakolunye uhlangothi it has a taper. Ekupheleni inqwaba itholakala blade ahlabayo ngawo lokuxhasa screwed walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke enjalo kudinga ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Eqinisweni, ukuma ekahle izindwani ivumela yinqwaba isikulufa screwed ukuba wayefisa ukujula amabutho 3-4 abasebenzi.

esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa lezinto ne umehluko ukuphakama noma nge khona ahlukahlukene imithwalo lateral yinqwaba kuthiwa, kokuba izindwani ezimbili. Lo mklamo kunikeza isisekelo i nokwethenjelwa ezengeziwe. Ububanzi isikulufa yinqwaba izindwani luyehluka in the ububanzi 200-850 mm. Izinsika ngokwabo babe ububanzi 50-350 mm. Ubude yinqwaba isikulufa kungaba 2-11 m. Iyathengiswa akuzona kuphela eziyize, kodwa futhi wonke inqwaba.

Izinzuzo isikulufa yinqwaba

Noma ubani oye wachitha eyakha indlu yayo phezu kwezingodo, ukubuyekezwa wabo ihamba ikakhulukazi omuhle. Izinzuzo main yalezi izinto zokwakha yilezi:

• ikhono kabusha ukusetshenziswa ngenxa ukususwa lula ngaphandle umonakalo;

• Asikho isidingo bafeza ingxenye enkulu yokwemba;

• kungenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezindaweni mobile waphuphuma;

• ijubane ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo;

• ukuqala kwakhiwa isakhiwo ngokushesha ngemva kokubekwa kwesisekelo idivayisi;

• kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu ahlukahlukene;

• Isevisi eside ekuphileni neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100;

• izindleko eyamukelekayo, okuyinto kancane cishe kathathu kuka intengo base itheyiphu;

• yokuntuleka ukwakhiwa imfucuza kusayithi;

• Ikhono esikhundleni noma ukulungisa isisekelo.

Ngenxa inqwaba indawo elilungile izindwani perpendicular Kuvunguza uma screwed emhlabathini is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe kube. Umthamo Ukuthela izinto ezinjalo ungaphakathi uhla 5-25 m. Ukuze ukwakhiwa akhethiwe inqwaba ingxubevange ferrules. The best enamathela ovikelayo izisekelo ezinjalo zenziwa esekelwe resin polyurethane. yinqwaba okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu lashukumisa, Ukuvikelwa camera ngaphandle nangaphakathi.

Izindleko isisekelo isikulufa amabombo incike ubukhulu yendlu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni ukwakhiwa 6x6 m izobiza ayizinkulungwane 1-1,2 zamadola, futhi 9x12 m -. E ayizinkulungwane 3-3.3.

Nemibi isikulufa yinqwaba

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bokwenza yalezi izinto zokwakha incane, aziyi ndawo. Labo akha indlu phezu kwezingodo, kuzibuyekezo zasuka ikakhulukazi omuhle. Phakathi kwamaphutha ezivamile, onjiniyela kakhulu ukudedela:

• Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa on nenhlabathi ezinamadwala noma indawo;

• ukusonteka kwesisekelo, ecaleni okungenzeka ubuchwepheshe kudivayisi. Kwenzeka lapho phakathi yinqwaba screwing ungenziwanga ukulungisa isikhundla sabo, okuhlanganisa awuzange kwenziwe kahle, ngezikulufo babulawa noma ukufakwa emgodini igodi;

• umhlaba subsidence, owawungumnyaka phetho abampofu wokuhlola indawo;

• ukugqwala uma yinqwaba ayiyinhle ukugqwala imvelo;

• nakwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinkulu nokusetshenziswa zokwakha esindayo.

Okuhlukile isikulufa-inqwaba isisekelo amaphrojekthi

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona enjalo izisekelo amaphrojekthi. Basuke akhethiwe kuye ngohlobo kwenhlabathi ekhaya esizayo kusayithi. Okuvame kakhulu amaphrojekthi izisekelo:

• yinqwaba eyodwa ukuthi isekele lesi sakhiwo izici ngabanye kusetshenziswa uma ekhona izakhiwo ukwenza isandiso elincane;

• isisekelo standard, okuyinto lakhiwa ngaphansi izakhi eyinhloko isakhiwo;

• inqwaba eteyipini, alahlwayo ngaphansi zonke izindonga zendlu;

• inqwaba ngendawo edingekayo ekwakhiweni egumbini kuyakhiwa esindayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu inqwaba-Ground Izikulufu

House isikulufa yinqwaba eyakhelwe ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Manufactured ukwakha isakhiwo yephrojekthi ekubalweni inani ngezikulufo. Ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwelinye ipulanka futhi izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni ukhethe yinqwaba nge ububanzi 108 mm. Ukuze izakhiwo ezincane kungenziwa kukhethwe nezikulufi ezincane ezokwenza imali. Lapho kubalwa inani elidingekayo yinqwaba kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lapho ngokuvamile kakhulu setha isisekelo isekela nokwethenjelwa cishe ayikhuphuki, kodwa kakhulu kwandisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Omunye inqwaba ngemuva bewugcwalisa kuphulwa amandla obuphathekayo 5-9 m, ukuze ibanga elibahlukanisile ku ukwakhiwa Uhlaka m kungenzeka 3-5. Inombolo izingongolo luyanda ukwakhiwa noma ezimbili storey izakhiwo usebenzisa izinto ezisindayo. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembeka isikulufa-inqwaba-isisekelo umthwalo esindayo yayo umthamo luyanda 25-30%.

2. Ikhishwa indawo isakhiwo kanye nokulungiselela.

3. Uhlobo isisekelo akhethiwe kuye ngokuthi isisindo isakhiwo esakhiwayo, hlobo inhlabathi kanye of okokuqandisa yayo ukujula. Qala ukwakhiwa isifundo geodesic kwenhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa indawo komhlaba futhi izingqimba zenhlabathi nemithi.

4. yinqwaba kuthiwa screwed enhlabathini ezivezwa amalebula. Emkhakheni isikulufa compaction kwenzeka, sithuthukisa amandla kwesisekelo. Lezi imisebenzi kungaba kwenziwe ngo yimuphi sezulu. Inqwaba screwed ubuncane abasebenzi 3: eyodwa uqaphe ezingeni ukwesekwa, futhi ababili screwed yona uphawu oyifunayo. Isekela usike ezingeni iyunifomu bese ugcwalisa kubo ngokhonkolo. It iwela tube inqwaba ukuthi kuqinisa inqwaba iphinde ivimbele ukugqwala metal. Ngemva ukhonkolo Uqinisa, wabe ukushisela ukuze ithiphu ukwesekwa metal.

5. Kuyadingeka ukwenza yinqwaba piping ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa yenethiwekhi umthwalo. Ivame ukutholakala eyenziwe siteshi. Ingxenye engenhla isisekelo ngokuthi le simuke namanzi. It redistributes umthwalo ebizwa timphawu tesakhiwo.

6. Kwembulunga isikulufa inqwaba isisekelo ayidingekile njengoba luhlobene uhlobo umoya. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhiqiza ukwahlukanisa isihlenga isisekelo, kodwa imisebenzi ngokungalungile ababulawa nomswakama zingavela, ke kubonakala sonke isakhiwo. Kungcono ukufudumeza kulondolozwa ukwahlukanisa endlini ukwenza Naphansi endlini.

7. Ngo-elungisiwe inqwaba isisekelo esakhiwe uzimele noma izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni.

8. Cap isisekelo ukwenza nezinamathiselo.

Hlobo luni indlu phezu kwezingodo ukukhetha?

Ukuhlola izinzuzo nezingozi kukhethwa lokhu noma lokhuya uhlobo ukwesekwa, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi izinzuzo ngaphezulu isisekelo inqwaba-Helical yesimanje kuka lokhuni. It okudlula yokugcina akuyona kuphela ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ekusebenzeni kwezomnotho futhi okhandlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina salo isikhathi eside kakhulu kuneminyaka kwemibhoshongo inkonzo eyenziwe izingodo.