Zindlela yezesayensi izinhlobo Ulwazi e Ucwaningo

Isiqalo nesigcino bolwazi lwabantu itholakala mkhakha wesayensi nangale. Ukuze ukulawula intuthuko ezidingekayo ngokuqiniseka ukucacisa izindawo ingxenye ngokwesayensi nesigcino ulwazi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akufanele siyithathe kalula ulwazi ukuthi amanga ngaphandle yesayensi.

Yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi okufanele kubhekwe ngokwesayensi?

Isimo sokunquma ocwaningweni olwalwenziwe emhlabeni namuhla akuyona ziyavumelana. Inombolo imiqondo-copyright, ngokuvamile kuyaphikisana, likhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ubufakazi besayensi isidingo ukuphenya labo kwaqanjwa okungabonakali impikiswano.

Njengengxenye ukufakwa kule sihloko sixoxa ngezimfanelo ezintathu ulwazi lwesayensi. Kufanele kube:

• Uyobe eqinisile;
• intersubjective;
• uhlelo.

Iqiniso kanye nolwazi

Zonke ulwazi - wokwazi ngendaba ethile.

Uma ulwazi oluhambisana into yayo, kuyiqiniso.

Nokho, iqiniso kungenzeka, nokwazi isayensi. It likhona pre-yesayensi, nsuku zonke futhi ezingokoqobo amafomu, kanye kokuqagela izikhathi, imicabango yabantu.

Iqiniso kanye nolwazi ngokwayo - akuyona into efanayo.

Iqiniso ukukhuluma, lapho ulwazi kuyiqiniso, okuqukethwe yakhe thembeke kungakhathaliseki isihloko engazi, futhi kukhona kuze kube manje njengoba umgomo.

Empeleni ulwazi kusho ukuqaphela ukuhlukahluka izinhlobo iqiniso. Bona iyashiyana ngesikhathi nokwanela elisekela ukuhlonishwa okunjalo kungase kube ukukholelwa imibono nolwazi abavamile kanye nama-practical, okutholakele kwezesayensi.

Laba hhayi kuphela libike ukuthi okunye okuqukethwe kuyiqiniso, kodwa futhi ukuze bathethelele iqiniso layo. Ngenxa ukulungisiswa kungaba:

• Isiphetho esinengqondo;
• yi lokuhlola;
• theorem ngenhla, njll

Ngenxa yaleso sizathu eyanele ukuze bathethelele - and eziphoqelelwe imfuneko eyisisekelo ulwazi lwesayensi, kunokusebenza non-ngokwesayensi.

zindlela yesayensi ukubeka phambili endaweni formula isisekelo isimiso isayensi, elibhekene nomse- injongo enhle.

Leibniz, owamemezela lesi simiso, wabonisa ukuthi umqondo othile ubufakazi iqiniso layo, kubalulekile ukuba bathethelele abanye imicabango okuyinto yena, baye bazibonakalisa ukuthi ziyiqiniso.

ulwazi inter-subjective

Kudinga ulwazi lwesayensi ukuba jikelele esintwini, emhlabeni evumelekile futhi isibopho sokuba yimuphi umuntu.

Ukuze uqhathanise, umbono njengoba ulwazi non-yesayensi ngamunye futhi neobscheznachimo.

Kukhona umugqa kuhlukane phakathi ulwazi lwesayensi weqiniso yayo futhi ulwazi nezinye ukulungiswa.

ulwazi Non-yesayensi samuntu. Bona qinisa iqiniso ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, eqaphela ukuthi liyisipho kuyinsakavukela.

Amaqiniso isayensi kuphela njengenkondlo ebonisa umgomo futhi linesisekelo esifanele. Ziyakwazi jikelele futhi kuyisicefe.

Intersubjectivity ulwazi lwesayensi kwenza kube reproducibility esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke abacwaningi abaye bahlola ngendaba efanayo futhi ukubeka yalolu cwaningo e nemibandela efanayo, uthola umphumela ofanayo.

Uma zonke (ngamunye, njalo) ngokwazi kuncike akusho uqinisekise invariance yolwazi lwakhe lonke kuncike engazi, awusebenzi ukukhombisa reproducibility nesayensi akuyona.

ulwazi uhlelo

ekuhleleni ehlelekile futhi kwezobuciko, nolwazi abavamile nesayensi.

Nokho, letindzala zindlela yesayensi zihlukaniswa inombolo yezici.

Basuke igcile elwatini okunengqondo ekhiqizwa ngokucabangela ngalokulingene. Ukusekelwa lokhu ingxabano - idatha enokwehla.

Ngokucacile kuba khona ulwazi okunengqondo exhasa esiqinile isakhiwo deductive. Inikeza ulwazi isifundo okufakazela ukuthi kuyiqiniso.

ulwazi lwesayensi futhi okungezona yesayensi: ezinye ukucaciswa

amafomu Scientific yolwazi ungalukhanseli, uqede nezinye izinhlobo, akuwenzi engenamsebenzi.

Ukwehlukanisa enomqondo uzwakale zesayensi kanye non-ngokwesayensi ulwazi isizathu kulingane akuholele kuvisisa amaphuzu alandelayo ezibalulekile.

ulwazi Non-ngokwesayensi - akuyona letingemaciniso kanye lengemaciniso. It has izindlela zayo futhi imithombo yolwazi. izindinganiso zalo kanye nezinkambiso bengafani nohlaka rationalism, zikhiqiza umphakathi engqondo ngempela.

Ngokuvamile, ulwazi non-lwesayensi eyandulela ka wezesayensi ngoba astronomy zesayensi yokufundwa kwezinkanyezi, alchemy emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali namabhere ngokwako amagciwane of ukubukeka amaqiniso esayensi. Lezi zinhlobo ulwazi asenkulumweni zomlando maqondana isayensi ngokuthi esoteric. Zingase ngokuthi prescient.

I eseyintsha cwaningo

zindlela Scientific, okubonisa cwaningo ku idatha instantiated kokuqukethwe kanye nencazelo izinguquko yandiswe abizwa ngokuthi igugu yesayensi cwaningo.

eseyintsha Scientific saziwa lapho:

• cwaningo eba nenkinga, musa bavuke ngenhla isayensi;
• into ngaphambili uphenyo engakaze kuyisayensi;
• isihlobo ukuba into etholakale ulwazi olusha;
• mibandela engenhla ziyaneliswa kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela.

Ukuhunyushwa ulwazi olusha njengoba kwenzeka uma idatha ezaziwa:

• kwashintsha ngokuphelele ngenxa ucwaningo;
• landiswa futhi kulekelelwa;
• esibekiwe (ecacisiwe).

Izimpawu ngemibandela onokwethenjelwa yesayensi

Izimpawu ayeka ukuba khona nenqubo yayo yesayensi, uma kubhekwa eceleni komunye nomunye.

Ngakho, iqiniso okuzelwe hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi isayensi.

Intersubjective kungaba isayensi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi umuntu usuke eduke mass.

Ehlelekile, kulandelwa imigomo kubhekwe ngokuzimela nezinye izici kwesayensi, kubeka isisekelo ukucabanga pseudoscientific.

Kwakuyoba khona ngenxa yolwazi, ukuthi kanyekanye lwenteke izici ezingenhla, yaphelela uchaza ulwazi lwesayensi kuphela.