Ukufa kwezinsana: izimbangela, izinkomba, kanye Coefficient ifomula

Omunye elithile ukuthuthukiswa jikelele yezwe, izimfanelo ezingeni layo kwezomnotho kanye namasiko kuyinto ukufa kwezinsana, ikakhulukazi izingane. Nokwenza isendlalelo sokubala inani lezingane ezithathwe owafa phakathi nenkathi ethile. Kukhona elithi "mayelana nokufa kwezinsana." Le nkomba kusobala kakhulu kubonisa indlela isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu ezweni. Kanye ezingeni kwezokulapha.

Uyini ukufa kwezinsana izinga?

Ukufa kwezinsana ehlukile ngokuthi egumbini lezingane. Kodwa le ncazelo akulona iqiniso. Isewusana ubalwa kusukela zero unyaka. Futhi ngakho, ukubala ezingeni yentuthuko lokubala ubuningi babantu ezweni, lezi zibalo zithathwa. Futhi mayelana nokufa kwezinsana - uhlobo inkomba ebonisa zonke izinhlobo zosizo izingane nomama, isimo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kuleli zwe, indaba nezimo sanitary. Futhi kule nombolo ifaka inhlalakahle sabantu, ukuphumelela emsebenzini zokuvimbela ku izinyathelo epidemiological.

Izikhulu zezempilo, ngemva kokuhlaziya Dynamics kanye izimbangela kwezingane, angafeza eziningi izinyathelo ukunciphisa isibalo ezimbi. Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ngezindlela zokubhekana imikhuba elimazayo kobusha, ukuqinisa indlela yokuphila enempilo. Uma isimo futhi zonke iziphathimandla kuzosuswa ancintisanayo nokuncipha lokuhlongakala hlangana izinsana, kuyokunikeza ithuba ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa kanye nezinga intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho.

nezindaba ezifanele

Kuze kube manje, lo mbuzo lokubala ubuningi babantu kuyingozi kakhulu. Kwezinsana nokushona Russia njalo ngonyaka kuba okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe sihloko. Nakuba kusukela ngo-1985 le nkomba eRussia ivame yokwenqatshwa engaguquki kwezinye izifunda isimo okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana 2015 ukwanda elikhulu mayelana nokufa kwezinsana yabhaliswa Pskov, Kaluga, Smolensk futhi orel izifunda, kanye Karachay-Cherkessia kanye Republic of Mari El.

ohlelweni lwezempilo lukahulumeni inike eziningana izizathu kungani kufanele unake inkinga.

1. Ingane usana mancane amathuba evikelwe. Abazali ukuthatha umthwalo egcwele ye ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa esimweni izingxenye ebalulekile ingane yakho. Uma izwe liqala obumbi futhi isimo zezomnotho nezenhlalo engazinzile, into yokuqala abathintekayo labantu. Kusukela lokhu kuza yokuthi abazali angeke ukuvikela ngokugcwele futhi ukuqinisekisa ingane yakho konke okudingayo.
2. Phakathi nenhlekelele ezweni kuyehla kanye nempilo yokuzalana. It kungathinta ezahlukahlukene, kanye okwandisa iphesenti nokubeletha sokugembula, okuvame ukuholela mayelana nokufa kwezinsana.
3. Nokuntengantenga ezingeni wenzalo kanye nokushona. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile uma kungekho kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo efanele kanye nosizo oluvela kuhulumeni.

Konke okungenhla - it is kuphela ingxenye encane inkinga, okumanje acute kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe lizinga mayelana nokufa kwezinsana, kubalulekile ukukhomba imbangela ivela khona kweqiniso.

Ukufa kwezinsana: Izimbangela

Izimbangela mayelana nokufa kwezinsana kukhona incike ezingeni yentuthuko yezwe. Singakanani isikhathi kunikezwa usizo lwezempilo kanye ezibalulekile labantu, ke kubonakala emininingwaneni yabantu. Uma uthatha emazweni ngaphansi athuthukile, lapho izinga lokufa kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba izinsana nomama akuyona njalo usizo ngesikhathi esifanele kungenziwa enikeziwe. Emazweni athuthukile, lesi sibalo kuyehla, kusukela izingane eziningi babe ukunakekelwa izinga.

Ukufa kwezinsana has nezimbangela eziningi ezithinta ezingeni salo ezifana:

• Exogenous - ikakhulukazi zenzeka esikhathini perinatal. Uma isikhathi sokusiza ingane, ingane uyasinda.
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Izingozi.
• izifo zokuphefumula - ngezinye izikhathi ingane ayikwazi ukunikeza usizo ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uyafa.
• anomalies azalwa naso.
• izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo evela esikhathini perinatal.

seasonality yokufa

Odokotela kwatholakala ukuthi ukufa kwezingane ezineminyaka senzeka isizini. Izinga ebusika kanye nasehlobo, incipha ngo ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo. Le ndlela Kumiswa ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Izimbangela nokufa kwezinsana ehlobo ngenxa yokuthi kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Njengoba wazi, ilanga lishisa, lamagciwane nande ngokushesha izikhathi eziphindwe kayishumi, Ngakho-ke, ematfuba isifo inyuka ingane. Futhi, uma umama anayo amasosha omzimba lehliselwa, umntwana wazalwa ababuthakathaka, kufanele ibe yinto engathi sina ngalokhu.

Ebusika kwandisa ezingeni imikhuhlane, futhi ngokuvamile nokufa rate of babies lihlotshaniswa ke. nezifo zokuphefumula abhekwa yezimbangela eyinhloko mayelana nokufa kwezinsana esakheka phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngokuvamile, izingane yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia, esiwumfanekiso imbangela exogenous. Ungakwazi baphawule nokuthambekela kwalowo nyaka ngokwempilo yangenyama buthakathaka. Kodwa, ngeshwa, inkathi ebusika futhi uhlala ezingeni eliphezulu.

Usana lokufa

mayelana nokufa kwezinsana libhekene kusuka ekuzalweni kuya onyakeni owodwa. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola impilo lonke labantu kuleli zwe, kanye izinga yesondlo zokuvimbela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane nezingane. Yokutholwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kwezokwelapha lapho ukufa kwezinsana kumele ubhaliswe. It madokumende alandelayo:

• Medical ukufa isitifiketi f. 106 / y.
• isitifiketi Medical mayelana perinatal ukufa f. 106 - 2 / y.

Lezi zincwadi ezimbili ziyadingeka sokubhaliswa okufa kwezinsana. Ukuze abale izinga lokufa, kubalulekile ukwazi ifomula ethize, kubukeka sengathi lokhu:

• inani izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owafa ngalowo nyaka, ukuze correlate nge inani abantwana abazalwa phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda inikezwe.

Kodwa lezi zibalo azilona iqiniso, kusukela inombolo abantwana abazalwa ngokuvamile liyashintshashintsha.

UBANI uncoma indlela entsha yokubala, okuyinto esephetha ngokunembe kakhudlwana usana bebeletha. Formula amagundane uncoma ukubala ngale ndlela:

• PMS = (inani lokufa kwezingane ezisanda eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-1 unyaka unyaka ngamunye): (2/3 ozalwa phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda liyakhishwa + 1/3 ziphila ngonyaka odlule) x 1000.

Lokhu Ifomula esinembile, kodwa ukuthi babengamaphesenti ethembekileyo kakhulu, udinga ukuba sifeze ukuhlaziya mayelana nokufa kwezinsana. Futhi ukufa kwezinsana izinga ngokuvamile siyahlukahluka izinkathi ezahlukene isikhathi.

Ukuhlaziya mayelana nokufa kwezinsana

Ukufunda izinga nokuqhuba izifundo ukuhlaziywa yokufa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuhlanganisa:

• Inani lezingane ezifa phakathi naleso sikhathi ikhalenda nyaka.
• Inani labantu ababulawa ngenyanga nenyanga phakathi nonyaka ikhalenda.
• Inombolo lokufa kwezingane ezingaphansi konyaka.
• Izimbangela mayelana nokufa kwezinsana.

Uma thina acabangele ukuhlaziywa kwe-data, ungasetha ezingeni ezizobonakala ukuba usana bebeletha. Ifomula Kulokhu zingase zihluke, konke kuncike okunokwethenjelwa kanjani imiphumela kudingeka. Kufanele singakhohlwa ukuthi ukushona kwabantwana isakazwa Ukuboshelwa. Konke lokhu likhona ukuhlaziywa jikelele lomkhuba. The esiphezulu nokufa rate nasemkhakheni nezinsuku zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa, kuba le nkathi ibalulekile. Okulandelayo, ukufa kwezinsana izinga kancane kancane kunciphisa.

isici

Kukhona isici ekhethekile inquma lizinga ukufa kwezingane ezineminyaka angaphansi unyaka owodwa. Ngaphambili, izinga lokufa kwaba bonke ubudala okufanayo. Kuze kube manje, it has a ukushiyana kwezidalwa: usana - nyaka kusuka 0 kuya 1, nezingane - kusukela ngonyaka 1 iminyaka engu-15. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mkhuba uye waphawula ukuthi izinga kuyafana e ezidlula ubukhulu yokufa kwabantu eziye zaphetha kwabaneminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu nanhlanu.

Coefficient ukubala indlela kuyahluka kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezingeni mayelana nokufa kwezinsana kushintsha njalo. Futhi, kungaba okushintshako unyaka wonke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukubala inani elifanele. Ngakho-ke, ukubala kwenziwa lula kakhulu: njalo ngokuthatha inani lokufa kwezingane esikhathini esithile futhi correlate nabo inani ukubeletha. Kukhona izindlela eziningana for kokubala Coefficient, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba izici idatha kanye ukunemba izibalo.

igridi lokubala ubuningi babantu

Ukwenza kube lula ukubala usana lokufa, sebenzisa igridi ekhethekile yezibalo. Ibonisa kahle kakhulu yonke idatha isikhathi esithile. Futhi net lokubala ubuningi babantu kuyadingeka ukuze yenze kube lula correlate nge ophilayo izingane ezifile.

Kuyinto uhlelo tikwele. Lines okuyizinto ovundlile - baneminyaka engu-. Imigqa emile - iminyaka ekhalendeni. Isibalo ukubeletha phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda esithize esiqokiwe inombolo ethile kwi yegridi. Futhi imigqa idayagonali ukunweba ukuthi zinokwaziswa ethize. Lona umugqa yokuphila, kuboniswe usuku ngonyaka lokuzalwa. Uma ukufa kwenzeka, iphuzu isiphetho somugqa.

Kukhona futhi amafomula ezikhethekile esingajulisa ukubala ukufa kwezinsana rate kanye nenombolo kanye nosuku lokuzalwa.

ngokwempilo yangenyama encishisiwe

Izinga lokufa - lena inkomba eyinhloko impilo isizwe futhi isimo. Futhi omunye ukuhlaziywa izici iyona ukuhlaziywa yokufa enyakeni owodwa. Kanye izizathu zokuthi kungani izingane zifa. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa isifo nokufa kuncike ukusebenza iziphathimandla zezempilo futhi ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo.

Ukufa kwezinsana, ukuncishiswa okuyinto ngenxa ezingeni sphere izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kumele babe amanani aphansi. Futhi lokhu kufanele izindlela isicelo zokubhekana nayo futhi kuhilelani yonke imikhakha yempilo kokubili inani labantu kanye nesimo. Izinyathelo main ukuze kuncishiswe ukufa kufanele kube:

• Ukusekela kanye nokuqinisa nokunakekela kokuvimbela sinempilo.
• izinyathelo Komphakathi kanye zokuvimbela okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila, ukongiwa zofuzo, futhi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
• ukungenelela Impilo azosiza ukuhlonza kanye ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene.
• Ukuvuselelwa izikhungo.
• zokuvimbela Primary kuhloswe indlela yokuphila enempilo.