Izintaba-mlilo ithule: Iyiphi ingozi eziyiyo

Izintaba-mlilo - ezintabeni nomlilo-ukuphefumula, indawo lapho ungakwazi abheke emathunjini omhlaba. Phakathi kwabo kukhona asebenzayo futhi yokuqothulwa. Uma nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo ngezikhathi abakhuthele ke kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yokuqothulwa akukho lwazi imemori lesintu. Futhi kuphela isakhiwo, amadwala ukuthi uqambe kubo, vumela ukuba yahlulele ngomlando wabo zeziyaluyalu.

Phakathi balele noma izintaba-mlilo ithule. Basuke izimpawu ukungabi khona ukuvivinya iminyaka eminingi.

izintaba-mlilo ithule

Ukwahlukana mlilo ithule kanye lwamanje okunemibandela kakhulu. Abantu bangase neze ukuqaphela umsebenzi wabo esikhathini esingeside esidlule.

Sleepers, isibonelo, mlilo odumile Afrika: Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro, Rungwe, menengai nabanye. Izintaba-mlilo ziqhume kubo kade laphela, kodwa zangena ukukhanya gas enyukela ngetulu abanye. Kodwa ukwazi ukuthi basuke zone Omkhulu East Afrika graben uhlelo, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi noma yinini bangakwazi uvuke futhi ubonise ngokwayo zonke amandla aso nesihlalo ingozi.

nokuzola esiyingozi

izintaba-mlilo ithule kungaba yingozi. Basuke kuhambisana kahle saga echibini onokuthula dimoni kuwo. Umlando wesintu uyakhumbula Ezimweni eziningi, lapho intabamlilo, sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe yokuqothulwa, noma ngisho elele, wavuka ilethe izinkinga kubantu abaphila komakhelwane nabo.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke isibonelo - ngenkathi edumile eyaqhuma mlilo iVesuvius owabhubhisa ngaphandle yasePompeii, amadolobha ambalwa nemizana eminingi. Impilo ka-uPliny Omdala, umholi odumile lasendulo ezempi kanye semvelo, lwaphuka ngokuqondene nalo.

Okulokhu kuphazamiseka ubuthongo izintaba-mlilo

Ruiz intabamlilo e-Andes Colombian kubhekwe belele 1595. Kodwa Novemba 13, 1985 owokuqala waphika, nje okuncane ukuba kungabi uchungechunge ukuqhuma, omunye eqina kunomunye. Iqhwa kukhona kule ndawo futhi phezu emithambekeni ye le ntaba-mlilo, waqala ngokushesha amanzi, ukwakha gryazekamennye notshwala enamandla. Baphuthuma bangena esigodini somfula La Gunilla wafinyelela emzini zase-Armero, elise-40 km kusuka intabamlilo. Ukugeleza ngodaka nangamatshe yawa phezu kwezinsizwa edolobheni ezizungezile zineminyaka lokudlela ukushuba 5-6 m. Abafile abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-20, zase-Armero sekuyinkinga enkulu ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu. Ayikwazanga basindiswe kuphela yilabo abahlala lapha ekuqaleni ukuqhuma rose phezu akake.

Ukukhululwa igesi kusukela ukuzwakalisa Nyos kuqhuma sabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-1700 futhi inqwaba yezinkomo. Kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe yokuqothulwa. Ngo wentaba yayo echibini kwamiswa ngisho.

izintaba-mlilo zaseKamchatka

I eKamchatka Peninsula - yilokho esigxila kukho lapho inombolo enkulu nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo kanye ithule. Ezingasekho ayebheka kwakungeke kube yinto engalungile, ngoba kukhona umkhawulo ukushayisana izingqimba lithospheric, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukunyakaza zomhlaba esivusa amabutho ithule esesabekayo bemvelo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe yokuqothulwa intabamlilo Nameless, elise eningizimu Kluchevskoy. Nokho, ngo-September 1955, waphaphama ebuthongweni bakhe, ukuqhuma, amafu igesi kanye umlotha wasukuma ukuze ukuphakama 6-8 km. Nokho, lokhu kwakumane nje kuyisiqalo. kuqhuma engapheli eyayiqhutshwa kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngo-March 30, 1956, lapho kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva yayisibetha phezulu snesshy intaba-mlilo, ukwakha wentaba okujulile ububanzi kufika ku 2 km. Ukuqhuma wayibhubhisa yonke izihlahla at ibanga 25-30 km esifundeni. Ifu elikhulu gas ashisayo futhi umlotha wasukuma ukuze ukuphakama 40 km! izinhlayiya emihle aconsa at amabanga amade ukusuka intaba-mlilo. Ngisho at ibanga 15 km kusuka emandleni Nameless umlotha ungqimba kwaba nengxenye imitha.

Njengoba ukuqhuma Ruiz, kwakheka umfudlana udaka, amanzi kanye yamatshe iphuma kuya eKamchatka River, okuyinto cishe 100 km.

Ithule izintaba-mlilo zaseKamchatka iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba zifana elidumile iNtaba iVesuvius, Mont Pelee (obakhathalelayo. Martinique), Katmai (Alaska). Bona ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela ukuqhuma ukuthi babé inhlekelele sangempela ezindaweni ezingaphezu ezinabantu abaningi.

Isibonelo ukuqhuma futhi Shiveluch ngo-1964. Mayelana amandla ukuqhuma kungaba liyokwahlulelwa ubukhulu emgodini. ukujula Its 800 m, futhi ububanzi - 3 km. amabhomu Volcanic nesisindo esingamathani 3 ehlakazekile kuya ibanga-12 km!

kuqhuma enjalo enamandla emlandweni Shiveluch ziye zenzeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Edolobhaneni elincane Keys abavubukuli wakwazi bambe settlement, embozwe umlotha amatshe amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ngaphambi kokufika Russian eKamchatka.

Usongo esintwini

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izintaba-mlilo ithule kungabangela inhlekelele yembulunga yonke eziyobhubhisa esintwini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bekhuluma imidondoshiya eside yokuqothulwa ezifana IYellowstone e eNyakatho neMelika. Supervolcano, kuqhuma zalo zokugcina kushiya mgodi km 55 kuya 72 km, itholakala "asobala" le planethi, lapho magma iseduze komhlaba.

Futhi izihuqa buthongo noma eduze ovukayo emhlabeni eziningi.

izintaba-mlilo ithule (uhlu)