Imifula eJalimane. Germany River Map

Eplanethini yethu, kukhona izwekazi eyomile kakhulu, letifaka ekhatsi i-Afrika nase-Australia. On the amazwekazi amanzi esibi, kukhona izindawo lapho ketshezi kanye namadivayisi ekhethekile ngeke ukuthole, zinjalo ngokuthi ezingwadule. Kodwa-Europe akahlupheki kusuka yokuntuleka amanzi anikeza ukuphila, insimu yayo isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa imifula, amachibi kanye namachibi. Futhi le nsada eJalimane namanje kubhekwa ngowokuqala kunombolo imizimba amanzi kuzo zonke amazwe aseYurophu. Phela, kufanele! Germany River enothisa insimu yalo, ngisho emagumbini esithekile kakhulu. Kukhona engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa, okuyinto kakhulu impela ezweni encane kangaka.

Kakhulu ogeleza ngokugcwele

amadamu Okugcwele lokhu isimo tibheke ngasenshonalanga. Yonke imifula emikhulu eJalimane, kokuba kokubili idumela emhlabeni wonke (njenge-Elbe, iDanube futhi Rhine), nalabo okungabonakali ijwayelekile abantu zikude umlando Zemleopisanie (Ems uhlobo) ukuqedela endleleni yabo emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama. Ndawonye, akhawunti lezi imibhede for cishe ingxenye yesithathu yale yonke imizila mfula European, nokuthi kusho okuningi! Imifula ezinkulu eJalimane yokuhamba kwabo amanzi amaningi njengoba izinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa amakhilomitha.

Ubaba kwamazwe German

Umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Germany - Yebo, Rhine. Futhi uma ukuhumusha igama nokuziqhenya amanzi abantu German ne lwesigodi Celtic, kusho kuba "phezu". Kulokhu, umfula German kuphela ngokuthi kunzima. Iqala i-Alps, ezintabeni zakwa-Switzerland, futhi uwela amaJalimane ngemva ubunye Boden echibini, esemngceleni hhayi kuphela kulawo mazwe, kodwa ziphathiswe Austria. Rhine lusekelwa ngamandla inqwaba nemingenela. Nazo ngokufanayo, ezidla ngezindlela ezimbili: kusukela Alps futhi phezu kwemifula Central German. Kusukela imithombo yokuqukethwe yenziwa zonyaka ezahlukene zonyaka, lokuthumela Rhine cishe njalo ukuthi kakhulu kwandisa ukubaluleka kwalo akukho njengoba umthombo wamanzi, kanye umzila ezokuthutha.

indida ezindawo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ubude Rhine kuyinto 1320 km. Yonke imifula Germany babecophelela kulinganiswa, kukholakala kuze 2010 ukuthi azikho amaphutha. Nokho, isazi sesayensi Cologne Bruno Kremer wathola ukuthi geography yomhlaba uba yisisulu okubhala: 1230 kanye lanyatheliswa njengoba 1320, bese ekhonjiwe futhi kweminye imithombo. Usuku okwenziwe iphutha akuqinisekwa: yena ichaza ke Kremer 1960, iphephandaba nge ingxoxo yakhe ( "Süddeutsche Zeitung"), umile kwelokuthi-yalolucwaningo 30 Ngalo lelo khulu leminyaka. Kuyacaca ukuthi eseduze isentimitha ubude emfuleni akuyona ibalwa ukuba: ake kancane ithrekhi, kodwa ngokushintsha akusiyo amanga phezu ngokuphelele flat, kodwa ngokunemba esiphezulu ngehora lesihlanu amakhilomitha yena vouches (hhayi engamakhulu!).

Nokho, kwaze kwaba scandal yesayensi akekho ukuhola. Museum of eMfuleni iRhine e Koblenz, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba amasheke olusemthethweni kanye izibuyekezo, ukulungiswa baloba idatha mayelana ubude lesigceme emfuleni.

Ayikho iDanube kancane ezidumile ezibalulekile

Pond iqala eningizimu yezwe, wabuye kungokwalabo esigabeni "emifuleni yaseJalimane." Nokho, ngo-ebalazweni laseYurophu, kuyacaca ukuthi kukhona umthombo waso kuphela. Isiteshi okwengeziwe ligijima insimu, futhi delineates imingcele kakhulu ngendlela emazweni ayishumi European. Ngokungafani Rhine iDanube ngezinye izikhathi kudala izinkinga izitsha emfuleni. Ehlobo "wayenemihlambi yamjabulisa" izikhukhula esindayo, futhi ebusika - shallowing, ngoba kukhona kuphela okwabangela we komhlaba, etholakala ezansi imithombo siteshi. Nokho, ubuncane 10 izinyanga zomnyaka iDanube kuyinto imikhumbi, kodwa uma ebusika efudumele, umzila wamanzi usebenza unyaka wonke.

Omunye umfula ngamazwe

"Co-abanikazi" kwesigubhu kukhona amazwe anobuhlobo - Poland kanye Czech Republic. Futhi siqala-Oder ku endaweni asetholakele, sekuqashwe Sudeten Izintaba, futhi iphela khona oLwandle iBaltic. imininingwane Abaningana impela romantic: oder eyake yaba yingxenye ye-Amber endleleni esakuthwala itshe oLwandle iBaltic eYurophu. Nokho, ezinganekwaneni yabo futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo kungaba ozibongayo yonke imifula eJalimane.

Oder cishe ngokuphelele imikhumbi, futhi lugcine izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu komhiaba (noma ngaphezulu) zonke izinsuku ngonyaka. Lapho -ke ikhiye neziteshi asivumela ukuba kudlule kwezinye eziningi emifuleni: i Vistula, Spree, i-Elbe, Havel futhi Klodnitsu. Futhi, naphezu azosebenzisa zezimboni, Oder ukulondoloza inhlanzi ocebile, uhlele osebeni imithombo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo.

Kunengqondo, okungukuthi hhayi kakhulu elikhulu emfuleni ...

Moselle asisebenzi kuya emanzini amaningi ngokubabazekayo ezimbonini ewusizo futhi abaziwa umhlaba wonke. Kukhona imifula eJalimane, futhi ezinkudlwana nokuningi ewusizo. Nokho, inikeza umswakama Moselle esigodini kuthandwa kakhulu, okuyinto ukukhiqiza bodumo Moselle iwayini. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi le nje umfula France, Luxembourg naseJalimane eSigodini abadumile wahlanganyela ninodwa e ukutshalwa amagilebhisi winemaking.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfula olunothile kakhulu, kwathi ngo usebe lwawo ezithanda Ipulazi-nabancane amadolobha amaningi ubudala ephakathi, lapho kakhulu enyuka emigwaqweni emidala.

LaseMagdeburg emfuleni ngaphezu komfula

Nokho, amaJalimane Bezingekho ka wonke umnotho enikeza emifuleni ekhona Germany (uhlu imizimba amanzi kuzothatha Amakhasi okungenani ezintathu). Kwabonakala sengathi uhambo kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu ogwini emazombezombe ka-Elbe, okuyinto liyasetshenziswa engajulile phakathi navigation. Ngakho-ke, ngisho 1919, kwakuhlelwe, kubalwa kanye onjiniyela wasebenza Ibhuloho River, okwakuyoholela ukuxhuma Mittellandkanal ne-Elbe-Havel Canal. Nokho, amabili empini futhi ukuhlupheka kuka-eJalimane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ekhuluphalisiweyo iphrojekthi cishe engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Nokho, ngo-1997, amaJalimane abuyela lo mbono. Eminyakeni eyisithupha nje kuphela, ongoti abaqeqeshiwe bakwazi ukwakha ibhuloho ne emfuleni kuso. Wahlanganyela Berlin itheku elingaphakathi emachwebeni of Rhine.

Bese kukhona ichibi!

Nokho eJalimane onamakhono kakhulu nge namanzi - imifula kanye namachibi ngokuvamile eduze side by side. Ngakho lapha: endaweni yaleli zwe kukhona izindikimba ezimbili omkhulu wamanzi. I enkulu - Lake Constance. Kuyinto enkulu kangaka e-Europe ukuthi wethiwa Swabian (German, isiJalimane) ngasolwandle. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe, ukuthi leli chibi izungezwe amazwe afana eJalimane, e-Austria ne-Switzerland. Okulandelayo le Müritz echibini okuyinto kancane izikhathi ezine nesigamu Boden, kodwa kungokwalowo ngokuphelele eJalimane. Futhi kukhona namanje Tegernsee Kummerover Bheka futhi kwabayisithupha encane, kodwa enhle ngendlela siqu amachibi ezikhangayo.

Ngakho, Bavarian Kochelsee angaba nelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi abantu abanesithakazelo ubuchwepheshe. Nasi ezingavamile emifula power plant, okuyinto engaphezu kwengu-, mhlawumbe, akatholakalanga. Kungenisa amandla okusekelwe umehluko ukuphakama Kochelsee futhi Walchensee amachibi.