Mafu yemihlaba. Cat sika Eye Nebula

Nebula emkhathini - omunye izimangaliso zendawo yonke, is abatelekile ubuhle bayo. Basuke olukhulu hhayi kuphela zibukeke ziyakhanga. mafu cwaningo kusiza ososayensi ukucacisa ukusebenza imithetho yonke futhi izikhungo zayo, ukuze ulungise imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yonke ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe izinkanyezi. Namuhla, ngalezi izinto, siyazi okuningi, kodwa hhayi wonke.

Ingxube igesi nothuli

Adalberto isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli esigaxeni amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, ama kude nathi nganoma amabanga amade uma liya. Ukusetshenziswa spectroscope ngo-1860 ziye zasiza ekwakheni abaningi babo akhiwe igesi nothuli. sezinkanyezi oyiNgisi uWilliam Heggins bathola ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela esigaxeni kuyahluka emisebeni ivela izinkanyezi abavamile. Nomkhakha yakhiwa imigqa elikhanyayo lokuqala anemibala, okufakwe lapha nge amnyama, kanti esimweni sesibili enjalo imivimbo black is hhayi waphawula.

nezifundo luthole ukuthi i-Milky Way esigaxeni zemithala nezinye ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ingxube gas ashisayo nothuli. Ngokuvamile ukuhlangabezana amakhaza efanayo ukwakha. Lezi amafu gas interstellar futhi basonta mafu.

ngezigaba

Kuye izakhiwo izici akha lesi esigaxeni kukhona izinhlobo eziningana. Bonke basuke ikakhulukazi atholakala nobukhulu bomkhathi kwenza, futhi ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo izazi zezinkanyezi. Nebula, likhipha nganoma isiphi isizathu, ukukhanya wathola ucingo noma ukukhanya ehlasela umzimba. Ukumelana nabo ku nemingcele eziyisisekelo, yebo, ukubizwa ngokuthi amnyama. mafu ehlasela umzimba wonke ka ezintathu izinhlobo:

• lembhali;

• nokulingana;

• insali supernova.

Emission yena, ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda kumiswa izinkanyezi ezintsha (H II) kanye planetaries. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zinezikhathi izakhiwo ezithile ezikwenza kube lula kubo esiyingqayizivele lifanele Ukutadisha ngokucophelela.

Esifundeni inkanyezi ukwakheka

Zonke ekushayweni esigaxeni - ifu elikhazimulayo igesi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Isici esiyinhloko akha them, - hydrogen. Ngaphansi isenzo inkanyezi, elisendaweni we esigaxeni, it is ionized emgwaqweni futhi ishayisa ama-athomu ngoyisiwula kusinda izingxenye amafu. Umphumela wale izinqubo sekuba kukhanya isici Pinkish.

Eagle Nebula noma i-M16 - nomele olukhulu kulolu hlobo lwento. Nansi inkanyezi ukwakha esifundeni, eziningi izinkanyezi abasha, okukhulu futhi kushisa. Eagle Nebula - yindawo lapho itholakala isikhala esiteshini owaziwa, I izinsika Creation. Lezi amahlule gas akha ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya lezinkanyezi kukhona endaweni inkanyezi. Ngokwakha ukukhanya lapha kubangela kokucindezelwa gas nothuli amakholomu amandla adonsela phansi.

muva Izazi zesayensi ziye zafunda ukuthi ujabulele izinsika Creation, sisengakwazi minyaka eyizinkulungwane kuphela. Khona-ke ayanyamalala. Eqinisweni, lapho kubhujiswa lesi Wezinsika kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-6.000 edlule ngenxa yokuqhuma supernova. Nokho, ukukhanya kusuka kulesi sifunda isikhala iza kithi mayelana iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa, + ngakho izazi zezinkanyezi ibalwa umcimbi kithi - kuphela esikhathini esizayo.

mafu kwamaplanethi

Igama imihlobo elandelako akhazimula uthuli amafu laqanjwa William Herschel. Planetary Nebula - esigabeni yokugcina yokuphila inkanyezi. Resettable igobolondo inkanyiso zakha isici. Nebula sifana disk, ngokuvamile ezungeze iplanethi lapho ayebheka ngokusebenzisa isibonakude encane kuwo. Namuhla siyazi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izinto ezinjalo.

Planetary Nebula - ingxenye inqubo ukuguqulwa of the giant elibomvu ukuba mhlophe yemifino izinkanyezi. In the isikhungo kuyinto ashisayo inkanyezi ekwakhekeni, e spectrum bayo ufana izinkanyiso ekilasini O. lokushisa zayo ifinyelela 125 000 K. yemihlaba mafu ngokuvamile banesikhathi Ubukhulu elincane - 0.05 parsecs. Iningi lazo zitholakala emaphakathi yomthala wethu.

gasbag IMisa lehla inkanyezi encane. Kuyinto kwetshumi ezimbalwa Sun ngu ipharamitha efanayo. Ingxube igesi nothuli esuswa maphakathi esigaxeni ngesilinganiso afika ku 20 km / s. Igobolondo kade iminyaka eyizinkulungwane 35, bese kuba rarefied kakhulu futhi izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana.

Izici

esigaxeni yemihlaba kungenzeka ezakheke ehlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, iyiphi enye indlela, useduze ibhola. Hlukanisa esigaxeni round, okwesongo, efana a dumbbell ezime ngendlela engavamile. I spectra of enjalo izinto isikhala zihlanganisa elikhanyayo igesi ekushayweni imigqa inkanyezi emaphakathi kanye ngezinye izikhathi bohlu ukumuncwa umugqa sokukhanyisa.

esigaxeni yemihlaba likhipha oluningi kakhulu amandla. Kuyinto siphezulu kunamanye inkomba okufanayo inkanyezi emaphakathi. Ukwakheka nucleus ngenxa lokushisa yaso ephezulu likhipha imisebe ewusizo ultraviolet. Bona ionize athomu igesi. I izinhlayiya abathukuthelela, esikhundleni ultraviolet baqala bungakhiphi misebe ebonakalayo. spectrum futhi isidoda sabo imigqa yakhiwa esibonisa kumiswa bebonke.

Cat sika Eye Nebula

Nature - Uchwepheshe ekwakheni amafomu ezingalindelekile futhi emuhle. Ngokuphathelene nale ndaba, a esigaxeni kwamaplanethi, ngenxa yokufana okuthiwa Cat sika Eye (NGC 6543). Kwatholakala ngo-1786 futhi waba ngowokuqala ukuthi ososayensi baye bathola njengoba ifu igesi akhazimula. iso Nebula cat elise umlaza Draco possesses isakhiwo kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Yasungulwa cishe sekudlule iminyaka engu-100 edlule. Khona-ke inkanyezi emaphakathi elachithwa imvilophi yabo imigqa igesi eyindilinga nothuli ayisibonelo umdwebo into. Kuze kube manje, luhlala kuze kube sekupheleni abaqondi indlela leli ekhululekile kakhulu isakhiwo eyinhloko esigaxeni. Ukuvela iphethini esinjalo kahle alichaza indawo inhliziyo esigaxeni inkanyezi kanambambili. Nokho, nakuba ukwaziswa, ubufakazi esivuna eziyimbangela yalokhu, akukho.

halo ka-NGC 6543 izinga lokushisa imayelana 15,000 K. I umnyombo esigaxeni sekuqala ukufudumala kuya 80,000 K. Inkanyezi esimaphakathi izikhathi ayizinkulungwane eziningana okukhanya kakhulu kunelanga.

kuqhuma cwe

"Imiphumela ekhethekile" izinkanyezi ezinkulu zivame ukuqedela umjikelezo yabo yokuphila ezikhexisayo. ukuqhuma omkhulu phambili amandla ukulahlekelwa inkanyiso zonke amagobolondo yangaphandle. Basuke asuswe isikhungo ngesilinganiso okweqa 10 000 km / s. Collision ukuthuthela ndaba nge static kubangela ukukhuphuka oqinile izinga lokushisa igesi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlayiya ziqala ukuba kuvuthe. Izinsalela supernova ngokuvamile hhayi kumiswa eyindilinga ukuthi kubonakala kunengqondo futhi mafu ezakheke ehlukahlukene. Kwenzekani, ngoba impahla ukhiphe ngesivinini amafomu engalingani Clumps kanye namaqoqo.

izinkulungwane Landelayo zeminyaka edlule

Mhlawumbe edume kunazo supernova insali - iyona Crab Nebula. Inkanyezi esaveza laqhuma cishe eyinkulungwane edlule, e 1054. Usuku ngqo kwakunokwenzeka ukusungula ku zemihla Chinese, lapho Uchazwa kahle e-flash esibhakabhakeni.

Crab isici iphethini gas ukhiphe supernova futhi namanje akuhlangani ngokugcwele ndaba interstellar. Into itholakala at ibanga 3300 light-years kude nathi futhi usinika ngokuqhubekayo ngesivinini ka-120 km / s.

Ngo maphakathi Crab Nebula supernova ezisalayo yakhiwa - inkanyezi neutron, okuyinto Likhipha electron notshwala ukuthi ukhiqize okuqhubekayo emisebeni athuthukisiwe.

kuveza mafu

Olunye uhlobo isikhala izinto siqukethe inhlanganisela igesi abandayo nothuli ayikwazi ngokuzimela ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana zokukhanya. Boneka esigaxeni ukuvutha ngenxa izinto eduze. Kungenzeka inkanyezi noma ehlasela umzimba imfundo efanayo. Nomkhakha we ukukhanya iyona kuyafana ukuthi yomthombo yayo, kodwa ukukhanya blue ke evelele ukuze ingqapheli.

Very interesting lolu hlobo esigaxeni elihlobene ne-Merope inkanyezi. Ukukhanya okuvela Pleiades kule minyaka esinabantu abayizigidi eziningana iminyaka, okuchitha izimpukane ngu ifu yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokho lale nkanyezi esigaxeni izinhlayiya ahlelwe ngendlela ethile bese bedonseleka maqondana nalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile (usuku oluqondile ayaziwa) Merope kungaba ngokuphelele ababhubhise efwini.

ihhashi elimnyama

zokwakheka ehlasela umzimba ngokuvamile waqhathanisa ukumuncwa esigaxeni. Galaxy -Milky Way has a lot of them. Lokhu fu kakhulu uthuli nokukhanya igesi iyavuleka ngokufanele emva kwabo ekushayweni reflection mafu, nezinkanyezi. Lezi abandayo isikhala kumiswa ikakhulu ezinama-athomu ye-hydrogen, nakuba lapho ehlangana futhi yizakhi ezisindayo.

omele Elihle yalolu hlobo - Horsehead Nebula. Itholakala umlaza ka-Orion. Ukuma sici esigaxeni, ngendlela efana kakhulu ikhanda zehhashi, lenzeka umthelela umoya lezinkanyezi nemisebe eyingozi. Into sibonwa ngenxa yokuthi isizinda sakhe kuxhopha ekushayweni kumiswa. Kulokhu, Horsehead Nebula - ingxenye encane nje kuphela i amafu enwetshiwe eheha ingqondo ka uthuli negesi, cishe ezingabonakali.

Ngenxa ye-Hubble isibonakude esigaxeni, kuhlanganise amaplanethi ajwayelekile namuhla anhlobonhlobo abantu. Izithombe iziteshi isikhala, ukuthi zikuphi, kuhlaba umxhwele umnyombo futhi musa abashiye ubani nandaba.